Toba Region Research Articles

Utilization of Lake Toba culinary identity for gastronomic tourism development

This research explores the potential of gastronomic tourism in the Lake Toba region of Indonesia, focusing on the unique culinary identity and traditions of the Batak tribe. Batak culinary practices are firmly rooted in local traditions and environmental conditions, with major traditional foods and drinks such as Tuak, Na Niura, and Mie Gomak having strong cultural values. Currently, Lake Toba gastronomic tourism has not become a leading tourism destination. The purpose of this study is to examine how environmental and cultural factors affect local cuisine and beverages in the Lake Toba region and to identify challenges and opportunities in promoting these gastronomic assets effectively. This qualitative research uses interviews, observations, and documentation to collect data. Key stakeholders, including local business owners and Batak cultural experts were interviewed using non-probability snowball sampling to gain comprehensive insights into the region's culinary identity. The results of the study highlight the cultural significance and potential tourist attraction of traditional Batak food and beverages. However, challenges such as tourists' lack of knowledge about local cuisine were identified. The study shows that a more structured and strategic approach, including annual food festivals and culinary tours, is needed to increase the demand for Lake Toba's Gatronomi tourism. This study underscores the need for an annual Lake Toba Gastronomy festival to utilize local culinary heritage, thereby increasing cultural preservation and tourism development in the Lake Toba region.

Analysis of the Potential of the Silangit International Airport in Increasing Tourist Visiting’s in the Danau Toba Region

This research aims to determine the potential of the Silangit International Airport to increase tourist arrivals in the Kawasan Danau Toba. This research is limited to the elements of international tourism accessibility since the opening of international flights Silangit Airport is expected to increase the number of foreign tourists visiting the Kawasan Danau Toba. This research uses quantitative and qualitative approaches using questionnaires and interview lists. The data collecting technique is purposive sampling by taking research subjects that fulfill the criteria. Data sources are Silangit Airport, immigration staff, transportation, hotels, restaurants, and foreign tourists. Data analysis used in this research was an analysis of frequency descriptions and interpretation of interview results. The results of the research found that there is great potential for Silangit Airport to increase the number of domestic and foreign tourist arrivals to Kawasan Danau Toba. This is indicated by the data processing results, which describe that all respondents stated that there was an increase in the number of foreign tourists arriving at the Silangit airport to visit as tourists and do business visits to the Kawasan Danau Toba.

Analysis of the role of local government in the prevention of environmental damage of Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia

This study aims to investigate the evaluation of the Lake Toba Priority Tourism Master Plan (LTPTMP) for the year 2022. Employing a qualitative research design, the research utilizes a thematic approach. Data collection involves interviews, observations, focus group discussions (FGDs), and document studies. The selection of informants is done through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis is employed for data analysis. Findings indicate that key stakeholders, such as local governments and ministries, exhibit a good understanding and implementation of the LTPTMP. However, the community and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Lake Toba region lack awareness and knowledge regarding the LTPTMP. Challenges in implementing the plan include issues like lake water pollution, deforestation, the presence of waste, especially in tourist-frequented areas, low public understanding and awareness of resource conservation, and inadequate management by the Regional Government. Furthermore, the incomplete infrastructure network hampers visitors’ ability to explore various sites.

Localizing Global Standards in Toba, Indonesia Through a Tourist-Centric Perspective On UNESCO Guidelines

This study examines the response to and support of the UNESCO recommendations on behalf of geo-tourism using the actual perspectives of tourists visiting the Toba region. The study employed a detailed map of Toba Geo-tourism in the Sumatra Utara Province, Indonesia, so as to provide a comprehensive understanding. The research was underpinned by a random sampling approach, gathering responses from a broad spectrum of tourists. The results captured an optimistic landscape, demonstrating a clear synergy between the UNESCO recommendations and the sentiments of the tourists. Not only did the guidelines resonate, but there was also a palpable feeling among tourists to either extend their stay or make a subsequent visit, provided the recommendations were implemented holistically. This study stresses the value of adopting and localising global sustainable tourism standards to suit a region such as Toba's unique attributes and tourist expectations. By means of this research, we aim to amplify that dialogue, charting a path for Toba and similar regions to embrace a future that is both ecologically sensitive and visitor centric.

Cryptic sexual reproduction in an emerging Eucalyptus shoot and foliar pathogen

AbstractEucalyptus scab and shoot malformation is an emerging disease and a serious threat to the global plantation forestry industry. The disease appeared in North Sumatra (Indonesia) in the early 2010s and the causal agent was recently described as a novel species, Elsinoe necatrix. Nothing is known regarding its possible origin or why it emerged rapidly to cause a serious local epidemic. To investigate its population biology, we developed 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers as well as mating‐type markers using genome sequences for two E. necatrix isolates. Isolates of the pathogen were collected from different host varieties at four locations in the Lake Toba region of North Sumatra and characterized using these markers. A high level of genotypic diversity was observed for all populations with little to no genetic differentiation between sampling areas. Discriminant analysis of principal components, genotype networks and analysis of molecular variance all showed a lack of population structure and a high level of gene flow among sampling regions. Mating‐type ratios and linkage disequilibrium analyses suggest that sexual recombination is likely to be occurring, although a sexual state has not been found for the pathogen. The results of this study highlight the fact that new genotypes of E. necatrix, probably arising from cryptic sexual recombination, will challenge efforts to manage the disease, and that breeding and selection for tolerance will require substantial host genetic diversity.

The Preliminary Study on a Legal Framework Acceptance Relate to Halal Tourism in Lake Toba

Halal tourism is one form of tourism development and promotion that is anticipated to boost local economic growth and state revenue. Halal tourism aims to instill trust in Muslim visitors so that they are not hesitant to visit tourist destinations like Lake Toba where the majority of the population is non-Muslim and is one of the most popular tourist destinations. This is done to convince the tourists that these destinations welcome Muslim visitors even if Lake Toba’s population is primarily comprised of non-Muslims. The government must enact rules if halal tourism is to be practiced properly and lawfully. This study used normative and empirical research methods. Examining the rules and laws governing halal goods and tourism is done as normative research. Following surveys and interviews with villagers and business owners in the Lake Toba region, empirical research was conducted. The findings demonstrate that halal tourism is a concept that ensures the provision of the services and infrastructure required by Muslim travelers during their journey, including halal food, prayer spaces, and so forth. However, halal tourism currently has legal loopholes. Halal tourism in Lake Toba thus has advantages and disadvantages. In reality, local residents and business owners in the Lake Toba region are sympathetic to the notion, as long as it does not obliterate traditions and local culture, and does not act as a campaign to Islamize them. As a tourism marketing tactic, Indonesia can model its halal tourism policies after those of Malaysia.
 Keywords: preliminary study, legal frameworks, halal tourism

Implementation of Tourism Development Strategy After the Covid-19 Pandemic in Sibolga City

This study aims to examine the results of implementing strategies in developing tourism after the Covid-19 pandemic in Sibolga City. In previous studies, a model of tourism development strategy after the Covid-19 pandemic in the Lake Toba Region has been examined using the theory of the basic components of tourism consisting of tourist objects and attractions, accommodation, transportation / tourist transportation, tourist facilities and facilities, and tourism infrastructure (promotion, marketing and policy). Lake Toba and Sibolga are marine tourism destinations. This research applies the tourism development strategy found in previous research to Sibolga City. After the implementation, an evaluation was carried out through the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) questionnaire method, the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method and also interviews with tourists and tourism stakeholders involved in Sibolga City tourism. The results obtained from the calculation of the CSI value are 68.57%, in the range of 0.66% – 0.80%. The meaning of this value is that tourists are satisfied with the attributes measured by their satisfaction level. The average conformity score is 83.46%, meaning that the performance achieved and the importance of attributes according to travellers have shown excellent results. Through the FGD, it can be seen that the implementation of tourism development strategies from previous research in the Lake Toba Area is also appropriate

Preliminary Result of Swarm Activities in Toba Region Using Dense Temporary Network

For the first time, an earthquake swarm occurred in 2021 in Lake Toba (Indonesia), one of the largest calderas in the world. Although the earthquakes were located in the volcanic environment, the swarm activities could be related to the tectonic activities from the Sumatra fault system. The swarm activities occurred at a very shallow depth and were felt with the intensity of II–IV MMI by local people. The objective of this research was to investigate the characteristics of the earthquake swarm in the Toba Caldera from the waveforms recorded by temporary stations in March – June 2021. A total of 26 seismic stations were deployed for two months in May and June 2021. Automatic detection of seismic waves is important because it can be used for earthquake early warning systems and speeds up analysis of origin time, P-, and S arrival times, and earthquake locations. We found characteristics of spectrum waveform from low to high frequency of a non-swarm earthquake, while high frequency seismograms were generated by the swarm earthquake. Furthermore, we successfully captured the hypocentre that was distributed in the SW – NE direction and may figure out the unknown geological system that is responsible for the swarm activities.

The Influence of Social and Economic Aspects of Sustainable Tourism on Community Welfare

Objective: This study aims to see how the influence of sustainable tourism's social and economic aspects on the community’s welfare in the regencies around the Lake Toba Region - North Sumatra. Method: This research was carried out from July 2021 to December 2021. A total of 8 districts around Lake Toba were observed in this study. The sample in this study was 240 people who were taken using cluster sampling, consisting of the community, entrepreneurs, policymakers, academics, and stakeholders. Result: The results of the multiple regression analysis using SPSS obtained the value of Fcount (4110.509) >Ftable (3.03), the sig value of 0.00, which means that simultaneously the social and economic aspects of sustainable tourism have a significant influence on the social welfare of the people of Lake Toba. The value of the R square obtained is 0.972. Conclusion: The social and economic aspects of sustainable tourism influence 97.2% of the social welfare of the local Lake Toba community. Partially, the social aspect influences 71% of the community’s welfare, and the economic factor affects 94.7% of the community’s welfare.

Preliminary Results on Low Frequency Passive Seismic (LFPS) Study in Lake Toba

Sumatra Island is an island located in the subduction zone of the Indo-Australian plate towards Eurasia. The geological structure on the island of Sumatra is the Semangko Fault. There is active volcanic activity, such as the Bukit Barisan Mountains, which makes Sumatra Island vulnerable to volcanic eruptions. The study was conducted in Lake Toba, North Sumatra, using earthquake data from the IRIS station. The purpose of this study is to investigate the amplitude in determining the presence of fluid reservoirs (magma) and to analyze the volcanics of the Lake Toba region using the Low Frequency Passive Seismic (LFPS) method by utilizing attributes such as maximum amplitude Vertical-to-Horizontal Spectral Ratio (VHSR), maximum amplitude of Power Spectral Density (PSD) Z, and the maximum amplitude spectrum of the Z component, which are used as indicators to connect the subsurface fluid reservoir by looking at the spectrum curve. Previous research has linked the presence of a reservoir to the peak amplitude spectrum in the vertical component in the frequency range 1-6 Hz. Based on the research results from the analysis of all attribute parameters obtained, the maximum anomaly of the maximum VHSR amplitude spectrum, the maximum PSD Z amplitude, and the maximum Z component amplitude spectrum indicate that the location with the highest subsurface fluid reservoir potential is in the Northwest-Southeast around Lake Toba and Samosir island. These results support previous research. Volcanic activity in Lake Toba is relatively lower because the amplitude spectrum values of all attribute parameters are not too high.

Rebranding Samosir Island As City of Foreign Tourists

Tourism contributes greatly to a developing country as one of the driving sectors of the economy. The government and the management of tourist destinations must consistently improve the quality of tourism in terms of destinations, industries, institutions, and marketing because of the scope of tourism and the movement of millions of people on indirect tourist trips. So far, foreign tourists have become familiar with tourist destinations in Bali and Lombok. However, many tourist destinations in Indonesia have not been maximally introduced, like Samosir Island at Lake Toba Region. In 2016, the Government of Indonesia envisioned making Toba become the Monaco of Asia. This article examines the factors affecting how long visitors from other countries remain when vacationing in Samosir, a popular international travel destination in Indonesia. Using 100 hundred samples of international travelers' empirical modeling is carried out using a quantitative approach through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and descriptive analysis. The quality of the accommodations, infrastructure, and rising travel costs contribute to longer travel time for tourists. Although it does not considerably shorten the length of stay in Samosir, rising vacation expenditures in other locations are a bonus for adventurous foreign tourists in Indonesia. Although the appeal of nature and its peace appeal to visitors from abroad, income levels do not greatly raise demand for international visitors to Samosir. As an effort, brand management is needed to improve the image of Samosir Island as the city of foreign tourists in Indonesia.

Effects of Climate change on temperature and precipitation in the Lake Toba region, Indonesia, based on ERA5-land data with quantile mapping bias correction

Climate change is a serious problem that can cause global variations in temperature and rainfall patterns. This global variation can affect the water availability of lakes. In this study, trends in temperature and rainfall in the Lake Toba area for 40 years (1981–2020) were analyzed using ERA5-Land data corrected with observation station data utilizing the quantile mapping bias correction method. Corrected ERA5-Land data were used in this study to show spatial patterns and trends. The Mann–Kendall and Sen slope tests were carried out to see the magnitude of the trend. A comparison of temperature and rainfall against their baseline period (1951–1980) was also investigated. The results of this study show that climate change has affected the trend of increasing temperature and rainfall in the Lake Toba area, with an increase in temperature of 0.006 °C per year and an average rainfall of 0.71 mm per year. In general, significant changes in the increase of temperature and rainfall occurred in the last decade, with an increase in temperature of 0.24 °C and rainfall of 22%. The study of the impact of climate change expected to be useful for policymakers in managing water resources in the Lake Toba area.

Tourism Development Based on Religious Moderation in the Lake Toba Region Perspective of Communication Persuasion and Social Influence

Domestic tourist objects which are considered to have attractive potential are visited by many Muslim tourists both from within and outside the country, but in reality these tourist objects pay little attention to the comfort of Muslim tourists. Visiting Lake Toba tourist destinations for Muslim tourists is not only about natural beauty, but also about halal food and comfortable places of worship. Halal tourism continues to be an interesting issue to discuss because it is a vital issue for the life of Muslims. It is very risky for Muslims when a tourist destination does not provide comfort regarding the issue of halal food and the availability of places of worship. This paper reviews the concept of religious moderation tourism which can be interpreted as the availability and fulfillment of the needs of Muslims and tourist destinations such as halal food that is not mixed with unclean food, proper places of worship, and various other facilities that are the needs of Muslims. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. Data were obtained by conducting interviews with tourism managers, community leaders, the Head of the Culture and Tourism Office, tourism observers and the community. The concept of moderating religious tourism in the Lake Toba area is already underway, such as hotels serving halal food cooked by Muslim workers, providing prayer rooms. However, what has not been seen is the certainty of food halalness with the existence of a halal certificate issued by the competent authority. The facts obtained in the Lake Toba area did not play much of a role in changing the attitudes and behavior of local residents to become more moderate towards foreign Muslim tourists.

Antibacterial Activity of Crude Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Cultivated in Toba Region against Staphylococcus aureus

Jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) was tested for its antibacterial activity against a human pathogenic bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Jackfruit leaves were collected from a forest region in the Toba Regency, North Sumatra and air-dried for five days. The dried leaves were crushed into powder to obtain simplicia and macerated using EtOH. The crude extracts were concentrated in vacuo using a rotary-evaporator and diluted into various concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100%) for antibacterial assay. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of extracts followed a concentration-dependent manner with the highest inhibition as expressed in the diameter of inhibitor zone reached 19 mm. The MIC50 value generated from a linear regression analysis between diameter of inhibition zone and concentration was determined at 10% of extract to display its effective concentration. The findings may be further investigated through phytochemical analysis and the selection of different organic solvents to maximize the bioactivity of jackfruit from this region.

A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF USING NOUN PHRASE IN ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN LANGUAGE BY USING YOUTUBE VIDEO

The goal of this study is to explain the distinctions between the types of noun phrases and how they are used in English and Indonesian. This study was based on the observation that university-level students frequently make errors while adapting the grammar of their home language (L1) to that of the target language (L2), particularly when translating noun phrases (NP) from English to Indonesian. In the research process, content analysis is used. The scientific text "The Legend of Batu Gantung" and its translated version served as the research data source. A person is hanged from a tree in the Batu Hanging tradition, which originates in the Lake Toba region of North Sumatra. There was a legend about a stunning young woman named Seruni. He killed himself because his father would wed him to either his pariban or his namboru child. Nouns are the words used to refer to individuals, places, or objects in the English language. A noun phrase (NP) is a collection of words that operates like a noun, typically including a noun and a modifier (such as an adjective, adverb, or article). In Indonesia, there are several different kinds of noun phrases, including Modificative, Coordinative, and Appositive NPs. While Head, Determiners, Premodifiers, and Postmodifiers are used in English. The study's findings demonstrate that there are differences in NP usage in English and Indonesian in addition to NP type.

Development of Tourist Village Website to Increase Tourism in Lake Toba

Currently, the Lake Toba area is included in one of the 10 priority tourism destination locations, so there are challenges to make changes to world tourism trends that utilize digital technology. So that several strategies must be carried out to capture these opportunities, one of which is through digitalization. For this reason, the development of a tourist village website in the Lake Toba area needs to be carried out to be able to take advantage of digital technology as a promotional media. The method applied in developing a tourist village website is the waterfall. The reason for implementing the waterfall method in developing a tourist village website is because all the requirements obtained from the client are clear and there are no more changes in the middle of implementation. The website displays good photography works and is equipped with the concept of story-telling. In addition to obtaining information about tourism in the Lake Toba area, the community can be directly involved as actors in tourism activities. Thus, a website manager will be formed in each tourist village of the Lake Toba Region. From the results of the development, it was found that the community's introduction to tourist villages in Lake Toba is increasing

The Impact of Infrastructure Development and the Role of Community Leaders on the Number of Visits and the Image of Spinsur Tourism in the Lake Toba Region, North Sumatra with the Partial Least Square Method

This study aims to analyze and examine the Impact of Infrastructure Development and the Role of Community Leaders on the Number of Visits and the Image of Spinsur Tourism in the Lake Toba region, North Sumatra. The research location was taken at Sipinsur Tourism Object, which is located in Paranginan District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency. The sample size used is 100 people. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. The research was conducted from 2019 to 2020. There are two data collected, namely primary data in the form of questionnaires and secondary data obtained through books, literature and other sources. The research method uses Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that infrastructure development had no positive and insignificant effect on the number of visits, the role of community leaders had a positive and significant effect on the number of visits, and infrastructure development had no positive and insignificant effect on tourism image. The role of community leaders had a positive and significant effect on tourism image. The community has a positive and significant effect on the image of tourism, the role of community leaders has a positive and significant effect on the image of tourism, infrastructure development has no positive and insignificant effect on the image of tourism through the number of visits and the role of community leaders has a positive and significant effect on the image of tourism through the number of visits.

Tourism Development Policy Through Economic Potential in Supporting Tourism and Creative Economy Programs in the Lake Toba Region

If implemented with optimal planning, tourism development will encourage economic growth and improve people's welfare. However, if tourism development does not go through good planning, it will hurt people's lives around the Lake Toba area. Efforts to develop tourism objects in terms of economic potential by increasing the diversity and competitiveness of local community products and facilitating and fostering community tourism businesses through tourism marketing programs. Tourism development also opens up job opportunities and can build regional economies and local communities in tourism areas such as Lake Toba. Various economic potentials that can be developed in the Lake Toba area include improving the quality of local community handicrafts such as making sculptures, souvenirs, and weaving, which carry the characteristics of the Lake Toba region. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method and analyzed by SWOT analysis. The results of this study generate opportunities and challenges in developing tourism in the Lake Toba region through planning for the economic potential so that there is a grouping of economic potential according to its type. The advantages of the developed economic potential are characteristic of the area around the Lake Toba area and becoming a supporter of the development of Lake Toba tourism. One of the results is realizing a tourist village which is the hallmark of tourism in Samosir Regency, namely Ulos Village in Lumban Suhi Suhi Touran Village.

Upaya Pengembangan Sektor Pariwisata Melalui Peran Kreativitas Pemuda

The purpose of this study was to see the creativity of youth in developing the Lake Toba tourist area in Muara Regency. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. This study looks at how the tourist attraction of Muara Regency in terms of attractiveness, amenities, accessibility, and support. There are three roles and creativity carried out by youth as the motor of the development of the Lake Toba Region in Muara Regency. First, youth creativity as a driving force, in which youth implementation forms the Muara Inspirasi Community as a forum for implementing creative activities that functions to optimize all existing youth resources. Second, youth creativity as a motivator where in practice the youth continue to encourage and hope that the people living in Muara Regency to build an independent economy by making local businesses such as making lodging, restaurants and making ulos. In addition, the youth of Muara Insipirasi also motivate school-age children to increase their knowledge through reading houses. The third role and creativity is youth as innovators where Muara Inspirasi youth provide an overview of innovation to ulos weavers to become promotional media and historical stories of Lake Toba in Muara Regency. Muara Insipirasi youth also motivate school-age children to increase their knowledge through reading houses. The third role and creativity is youth as innovators where Muara Inspirasi youth provide an overview of innovation to ulos weavers to become promotional media and historical stories of Lake Toba in Muara Regency. Muara Insipirasi youth also motivates school-age children to increase their knowledge through reading houses. The third role is youth as innovators where Muara Inspirasi youth provide an overview of innovation to ulos weavers to become promotional media and historical stories of Lake Toba in Muara Regency.

The Effect of GRDP Sector Composition on Economic Growth in the Lake Toba Region

This study aims to analyze the effect of 17 economic sectors on economic growth in the Lake Toba Region (KDT). The data used is secondary data in the form of times series from 2010 to 2019 with panel data analysis using Fixed Model Effect (FEM). It shows a positive and significant influence between mining, energy, information, finance, and health sectors on KDT economic growth, while the other 12 economic sectors have no significant effect. An increase of 1 percent in the mining sector will incline economic growth by 1.41 percent; the energy sector will promote economic growth by 0.48 percent; the information sector will increase economic growth by 0.81 percent; the financial sector will increase economic growth by 0.78 percent; and the health sector will enhance economic growth by 1.10 percent. The government should make policies related to production and investment enhancement so that the income of each economic sector and economic growth in KDT increases. Keywords: Economic growth, Economic sector, Panel dataJEL Classification: C01, C33, O11