TMs Presence Research Articles

NYI BEI MARDUSARI DALAM LANGENDRIYAN MANGKUNEGARAN: SEBUAH TINJAUAN MENGENAI KUALITAS KEPENARIAN SILANG KARAKTER

This biography of Nyi Tumenggung Mardusari aims to discover her role as an all round artist within the environment of the Mangkunegaran. It is important to do so as her works and ability as an artist have made her a role model for subsequent generations. Her life spanned numerous events and a variety of situations of the era. A multidimensional approach was used, with concepts borrowed from the social sciences, beginning with Mardusari’s background from childhood until she entered the Mangkunegaran, covering her various cultural influences from the palace, methods of study, work experience, creative experience, and the award she received. Her success as an artist was closely connected with her hard work in developing her talent, and the encouragement and opportunities given to her by Mangkunegara VII, who gave her guidance. Other direction was provided by her art teacher, who helped mould her into a revered artist. Nyi Tumenggung Mardusari’s presence as an artist showed her artistic ability in numerous fields, in each of which she excelled: as a dancer, a pesindhen, a batik worker, and a makeup specialist for Surakarta style wedding. Her ability was recognized by many people, both inside and outside the palace and even abroad. As we know, langendriyan have become a very famous show in Mangkunegaran palace. Mardusari’s dance role as Menak Jingga become an example of a crossed gender phenomenon on dance tradition. Its role have comprehended conditions which must be done by and to be a good dancer.Keywords: biography, langendriyan, crossed-gender role

Diastereoselective Aldol Reactions of (Z)-N-[Bis(methylthio)methylene]-α,β-didehydroglutamates

In the reaction of the enolates of (Z)-N-[bis(methylthio)methylene]-α,β-didehydroglutamates with aldehydes, the retroaldolization process is faster than the aldol reaction, thus inhibiting the obtainment of the desired targets 6. However, in the presence of TMS−Cl as trapping agent, the equilibrium can be deplaced and the aldols 6 are obtained in the form of their TMS-derivatives 8. In the presence of BF3 or TBAF, either the syn or the anti adducts can be selectively obtained with good yields and diastereoselectivities.

Synthesis of 5?-amino- and 5?-azido-2?,5?-dideoxy nucleosides from thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (4) was silylated and condensed with methyl 5-azido-2,5-dideoxy-3-O-(4-methylbenzoyl)-D-erythro-pentofuranoside (2) in the presence ofTMS triflate to afford the corresponding protected nucleoside6 and acyclic nucleoside7. Deprotection of6 with MeONa/MeOH at room temperature gave 1-(5-azido-2,5-dideoxy-α-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (8) and the corresponding β anomer9, whereas compound7 yielded 5-azido-2,5-dideoxy-1-(2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-1-yl)-1-O-methyl-D-erythro-pentitol (10) under the same reaction conditions. 1-(5-Amino-2,5-dideoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (11) was obtained on treating9 with Ph3P in pyridine followed by hyrolysis with NH4OH. The anomeric nucleosides14 and15 and the corresponding acyclic nucleoside16 were obtained when4 was trimethylsilylated and condensed with methyl 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(4-methylbenzoyl)-D-erythro-pentofuranoside (3) followed by deprotection with MeONa in MeOH. Compounds8 and9 were also obtained when the anomeric mixture14/15 was treated with a mixture of NaN3, Ph3P, and CBr4 in dryDMF at room temperature.

Synthesis of 2-O-ethyl analogues of 3?-azido- and 3?-fluoro-2?,3?-dideoxyuridines and evaluation of their biological activity against HIV

2-O-Ethyluracil and 2-O-ethylthymine were silylated with 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane and condensed in the presence ofTMS triflate with 2,3-dideoxy-3-fluoro-D-erythro-pentofuranoside, 3-azido-2,3-dideoxy-D-erythro-pentofuranoside, and 2,3-dideoxy-3-phthalimido-β-D-erythro-pentofuranose derivatives to give the corresponding 2-O-ethyl nucleosides. Deprotection with saturated methanolic ammonia afforded the 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-fluoro-2-O-ethyluridines, whereas 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxy-3-O-ethyluridine was obtained by deprotection with tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran. 3′-Amino-2′,3′-dideoxy-3-O-ethyluridine could be obtained only by treatment of the corresponding 3′-azido nucleoside with triphenylphosphine in pyridine. 3′-Deoxy-2-O-ethyl-3′-fluorothymidine (6b) showed moderate activity against HIV-1.

Glycosidation, 13; anticancer agents, 10. Novel stable bioactivated cyclophosphamide derivatives for selective cancer chemotherapy, synthesis of aldophosphamide acetal‐glycosides and their glycoconjugates

AbstractStimulation of tumor cell glycolysis in vivo leads to an increase of lactic acid formation and thus a decrease of pH in malignant tissue compared with a normal cell population. The difference in pH may be used to cleave a nontoxic prodrug selectively in a tumor to give a highly cytotoxic compound. In this respect, acetal‐glycosides of aldophosphamide (3), a biological active metabolite of the anticancer agent cyclophosphamide (1) with α‐D‐ and β‐D‐glucose as well as α‐D‐mannose have been synthesized. Reaction of the trimethylsilyl glycosides 8a, 8b, and 8c with the acetals 9a, 9b, and 9c in the presence of TMS–OTf at −78°C gave selectively according to the anomeric center the acetal‐glycosides 10a–e in 68–88% yield. Debenzylation, reaction with the phosphorous acid amide dichloride 12 and ammonia, led to the aldophosphamide derivatives 15a–e. For coupling with biopolymers, the ester moiety in 15d and 15e was hydrolyzed to give 16a and 16b. As a model study, coupling of 16a and 16b with the lysine derivative 17 using 1‐hydroxybenzotriazol (18) and an excess of diisopropyl carbodiimide (19) was accomplished to afford 16c and 16d which were acetylated to give 16e and 16f.