TMs Alpha Research Articles

Level of Learning Organization Practices in Two Primary Schools in the Central Melaka District, Melaka

This preliminary study was conducted to see the level of learning organization (LO) practice in two primary schools in the district of Melaka Tengah, Melaka. Both schools were selected based on Ujian Pencapaian Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) 2019 School Average Grade (GPS). The questionnaire instrument used in this study was modified from the Learning Organization Practices Profile (LOPP) instrument developed by O'Brien, 1994 and conducted on 60 respondents from two different schools. The overall questionnaire reliability analysis gave a Cronbach’s alpha scale of 0.78. Study data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) For Windows 25 program with descriptive analysis. The findings of this study show that the most dominant LO practice is the system and structure aspects of work, followed by staff development and performance and the lowest is the leadership aspect. The results of the overall study show that the level of LO practice in the schools studied is still at a weak level.

The Effect of Accessing Intensity The Brandonkent Everything Youtube Gaming Channel on Subscriber Aggressive Behavior

Along with the development of information and communication technology in the era of the    industrial revolution 4.0, the need for consuming social media for someone will increase. Youtube is a video provider application, users can search for information, entertainment and viewing. Youtube trends began to spread in Indonesia, many channels emerged and became famous. One of the most well-known YouTubers is Brandont Kent Everything. This study aims to analyze the effect of the intensity of accessing YouTube on aggressive behavior. Subscribers of BrandonKent Everything’s YouTube gaming channel, with a total sample of 400 respondents, are the population in this study. This research applied the accidental sampling technique. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire tested for validity and reliability. The analysis utilized simple linear regression. Validity test employed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability test deployed Cronbach’s Alpha formula using SPSS version 21 for Windows. The t-test obtained a t-count value of 20.020, a regression coefficient (b) of 0.908, and a probability (p) of 0.000. A probability (p) ≤ 0.05 implies that the accessing intensity positively and significantly affected aggressive behavior. An 𝑅 2 (R Square) of 0.502 or 50.2% indicates that the accessing intensity variable affected the aggressive behavior variable by 50.2 %. The remaining 49.8% was influenced by other variables not examined in this study, such as the surrounding environment, frustration, unpleasant events, awakening, signals of aggression, and group influence. One of the factors that is the reason why the intensity of accessing BrandonKent Everything's Youtube Gaming Channel has an impact on aggressive behavior towards subscribers is that in its content Brandonkent often performs acts of verbal violence such as shouting, saying rudely, cursing. This is what subscribers are watching and likely to be imitated by the audience, especially in this study dominated by students aged 12-16 years where at this age children will actualize themselves to be recognized by their peers.

THE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN LANGUANGE LEARNING STRATEGIES AND READING INTEREST TOWARDS STUDENTS’ READING ACHIEVEMENT

This study aimed at determining: (1) the correlations of language learning strategies; (2) the corelations  of reading interest; and (3) the correlations both language learning strategies and reading interest towards the students English study program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang. This study was a qualitative study using simple regression method. The respondents were 60 students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang. Data collection technique in this study were questioners and documentation. Validation test in this study were construct validity and content validity, while the reliability test was Cronbach’s Alpha. Normality test, homogeneity test, and linearity test had been conducted before data were analyzed using simple and multiple regression technique. The findings showed that (1) There is no significant correlations of language learning strategies on students’ reading achievement of English study program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang value of 0.582; (2) There is significant correlations of reading interest on students’ reading achievement of English study program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang value of 0.029; (3) There is no significant correlations of language learning strategies and reading interest simultaneously on students’ reading achievement of English study program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang value of 0.082. There is simultaneous influence between language learning strategies and reading interest with reading achievement.

Indonesian Version of the Healthy Lifestyle Beliefs Scale for College Student: A Psychometric Study

The purpose of this study was to measure the healthy lifestyle beliefs by evaluating the validity and reliability of the healthy lifestyle belief scale in physical education students at Universitas Majalengka, West Java, Indonesia. The method used in the research is quantitative method with descriptive research type which was conducted on 106 physical education students from November 2020 to December 2020. Data collection was carried out using a google form which contains socio-demographic information and a healthy lifestyle belief scale. Cronbach’s Alpha and total item score analysis were used in the data analysis. Use Cronbach’s alpha to determine internal consistency of healthy lifestyle belief scales. The results showed that Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.968 and 16 items from the healthy lifestyle belief scale were normally distributed. The analysis showed 53% of the total variance. The healthy lifestyle belief scale for physical education students is a valid and reliable measurement tool and can be used as an instrument to develop relevant program interventions through physical education in schools and colleges.

Factors affecting problematic use of psychoactive substances among Bachelor level students: A mixed methods study from Hill and Terai of Nepal

Introduction: Adolescents start experimenting with licit substances which later worsen to use of more addictive illicit substances. Genetic and environmental vulnerabilities affect use of psychoactive substances with family support, competence, and psychological well-being acting as protective factors. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of problematic use of psychoactive substances among Bachelor level students and factors affecting the problematic use.
 Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 Bachelor level students selected purposively from a private college of Kathmandu metropolitan city and five In-depth and Key Informant interviews of Bachelor level students, guardian, and teachers from Kohalpur municipality. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for each of the tools used and prevalence of problematic use of psychoactive substances was assessed.
 Result: Prevalence of problematic use of psychoactive substances among lifetime users was 51.4%. The factors significantly associated with problematic use of psychoactive substances were sex and social discrediting by peers. Qualitative analysis identified many risk and protective factors at individual, interpersonal, and socio-cultural level.
 Conclusion: High prevalence of lifetime psychoactive substance use and high percentage of problematic use of psychoactive substances among substance users requires intervention at different socio-ecological level.

Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the Successful Aging Inventory

Background: The first step to successful aging planning is to assess the current status using valid instruments. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Successful Aging Inventory (SAI). Materials and Methods: In the first step, SAI. was translated through forward-backward translation, and its face and content validity were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. For construct validity assessment, 300 elderly were recruited through multi-stage random sampling. Exploratory factor analysis and known-group comparison were used. SAI reliability through internal consistency and stability was assessed using the Cronbach’s alpha values of the inventory and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. The standard error of measurement, smallest detectable change, and floor and ceiling effects were calculated. Results: The impact scores, content validity ratios, and content validity indices of all items were more than 1.5, 0.62, and 0.8, respectively. The scale-level content validity index was 0.94. Factor analysis identified four factors for the inventory, which explained 58.17% of the total variance of the SAI score. SAI mean score among mentally healthy participants was significantly higher (P<0.001). The relative frequencies with the lowest and highest possible scores of SAI were 0 and 3.7%, respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha, ICC, standard error of measurement, and the smallest detectable change of SAI were 0.835, 0.999, ±0.47, and 1.9, respectively. Conclusion: As a valid and reliable instrument, the Persian version of SAI could be used for a successful aging assessment. [GMJ.2020;9:e1754]

Organisational learning: A scale development study

Abstract
 This study aims to develop a scale in order to determine the organisational learning levels of educational organisations. The scale took its final form after the items were written, experts’ opinions were received and pilot applications were implemented. A survey was administered to 267 teachers using a simple random sampling method. An 18-item organisational learning scale (OLS) was obtained as a result of the exploratory factor analysis. OLS was prepared on the basis of frequency (never-always) to render a possible 5-point Likert type measurement. This 18-item scale was validated by confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). The factor analyses carried out revealed an 18-item scale with a total of four subscales. These subscales are continuous learning, cognitive processes, transparency and issue orientation. The goodness of fit index values revealed by the results of the CFA carried out indicated that OLS is valid and acceptable. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients of the factors ranged between 0.65 and 0.81. The overall Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of the OLS was determined as 0.85 and its Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value was determined as 0.87. In conclusion, OLS is proposed as a scale based on which the organisational learning levels of schools can be measured in four different subscales.
 Keywords: Organisational learning, organisational learning in school, scale development, continuous learning.

Application of Rasch Model to Develop a Questionnaire for Evaluating the Quality of Teaching for Students’ Creativity Development

The purpose of this research is to develop a questionnaire for evaluating the quality of teaching for creativity development. We use three methods for creating the questionnaire, namely, interviews, literature review, and expert consultation. The Rasch model was applied to assess the psychometric properties of the questionnaire in the first phase with the participation of 112 students. The results of the study indicated that all items had a point-measure correlation coefficient ranging between 0.312 and 0.757, Infit and Outfit MNSQ values were in the range of 0.62 to 1.54, item difficulty values were in the range from -1.54 to 1.12. The overall reliability index of the questionnaire was 0.955, the separation was 4.582, the scale’s number of strata was 6.442. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.963. The results of the study showed that the questionnaire was in good compliance with the Rasch model requirements. We used the questionnaire to assess the current status of teaching for creativity development in the teaching of Pedagogy in the second phase. This phase involved 300 first- and second-year students who were studying “Pedagogy” and they were grouped in 10 groups. A total of 10 teachers were evaluated, 1 teacher was evaluated by 1 group. The results showed that the quality of teachers’ teaching for creativity development was at an acceptable level. We believe that teachers’ preparation according to the evaluation criteria for teachers’ quality teaching for creativity development is needed to improve teachers’ teaching for students’ creativity development. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.8.15

Teachers’ Covid-19 Awareness, Distance Learning Education Experiences and Perceptions towards Institutional Readiness and Challenges

Amidst the threat of COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, the educators, students, and the school are still coping and adjusting to the distance learning education. This study explored teachers' awareness about the COVID-19 pandemic and their opinion on their respective schools’ readiness, as well as their response to the challenges of conducting distance learning education in the Philippines. A validated questionnaire was developed to collect the relevant data for this study. The initial reliability test obtained 8.9 Cronbach’s alpha. Data gathering procedure was done through Google forms, which, after validation from the respective DepEd divisions and universities, were subsequently sent to the teachers via email. The results show that the teachers were highly aware of the presence and consequences caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The correlation between teacher’s demographic profiles and awareness to COVID-19 shows no relationship at all. Nevertheless, the length of teaching experience and specialization is very strongly correlated to readiness to distance learning education. Simultaneously, the teachers’ geographic location is strongly correlated to readiness to adapt to distance learning education. Furthermore, only the teachers’ gender has a significant difference in their awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, teachers’ gender, length of teaching experience, and geographic location have significant differences with their readiness to distance learning education. This study can be used as a basis for further research particularly in developing institutional plans to better understand the status of their teachers and educational organizations, and schools’ readiness to teach and learn through distance learning approach; hence, preserving and continuing educational mission during the current or future pandemic as well as be prepared for any natural disasters. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.6.8

Development of Instruments to Measure Mathematical Anxiety of Elementary School Students

To generate high-quality research, a reliable instrument is required. This study aims to develop an instrument that can measure mathematical dimensions of elementary school students appropriately, for use in mathematics learning on spatial geometry. Each statement item in Mathematical Anxiety Instrument was developed based on 3 learning aspects, namely Attitudinal, Cognitive, Somatic. This study uses Research and Development (R&D) method with a quasi-experimental design on geometry topic. The sample is 100 sixth grade students in an elementary school located in Karawang Regency. The instrument developed in this study is in the form of a questionnaire with closed-ended questions. The validity test analysis implies that 23 out of 30 items on the instrument are valid. This data is supported by Cronbach’s Alpha test results, where all item has reliability value higher than 0.80 indicating that the instrument being tested has a very high-test reliability. Therefore, 23 items out of 30 items were developed into instruments for measuring mathematics anxiety that applicable in Mathematics learning activities. Thus, it leads to the conclusion that this mathematics anxiety questionnaire can be utilized as an instrument for future research. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.6.17

Study on Banks’ Risk Assessment of Financing Small Medium Enterprises’ Project: the findings and experience from Uzbekistan Banking Sectors

Small-Medium Enterprises (SME) fulfill important tasks in an economy. They play main role to create jobs opportunities and generating profit for low income nation, also support social stability and significant effect to development of a private sector dynamically. Banks have played a major role in financing and helping SMEs, work to grow up access of them to provide loan. Bank lending is the most common source of external finance for SMEs. However, no comprehensive investigation has yet been focused in banks to examine risk assessment of SMEs project. They have limited access to credit resources comparing to big companies (Jaroslav B., 2010). Therefore, most of SMEs do not use annual reports, annual file accounting or main statistics figures. So, it makes challenges for banks to identify risks and deciding to finance SMEs’ project. This paper focus on analyze risk assessment of financing SMEs’ projects in banking of Uzbekistan and investigate on identify risks, examine strong risk assessment for SMEs, try to find out various tools and techniques deal with bank financing projects. Carrying out the research, both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Questionnaires distributed to the 100 lending managers and credit specialists, consisted three parts which two parts include 29 questions and final part include 5 open questions. We used Cronbach’s alpha to estimate reliability variables and subject regression analysis conducted on research objectives. Research found that credit managers have still challenges in understanding uses techniques and tools for assessing risks. It seems to be lacking understanding and unsophisticated approach to fully identify and manage risks. According to questionnaires’ results and case study analysis, data indicated the key indicator signals to finance SMEs’ project are financial standing, past performance of SMEs, leverage ratio and evaluated project concern significantly. Data showed an optimization of lending process lead to additional interest incomes and assessing risks in early stage. The model postulates that factors in the external, operating and internal environments of individual banks can influence risk assessment decisions for financing SMEs.

Entrepreneurial Marketing and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in South Africa

The study investigated the effect of entrepreneurial marketing (EM) on the performance of SMEs. Performance was measured using both organisational and personal criteria. The study utilised the quantitative research approach. The cross-sectional survey method was used for data collection. Data was collected from small business owners through the survey method. The self-administered questionnaire method was used to collect data from the participants. Convenience and snowball methods were used for sampling. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used for data analysis. The Cronbach’s alpha was used as the measure of reliability. The results of this study showed significant positive relationships between some dimensions of EM and organisational and personal performance. Theoretically, the study linked EM to the personal performance of the owners of SMEs. Empirically, the study adds to the literature on the relationship between EM and the financial performance of SMEs. Practically, the study suggested recommendations that can improve EM by SMEs.

Development and Preliminary validation of a screening tool for Specific learning disorder in children

Background: Delay in early diagnosis of Specific learning disorder (SLD) is influenced by various factors, including the lack of simple yet validated tools for assessment. Objective: We aimed to develop and validate a screening questionnaire in English and Malayalam for SLD in children aged 7-11 years, which can be used easily. This paper deals with the initial development and preliminary validation of the tool, which was subsequently validated in a larger sample and had already been published. Materials and methods: The tool was validated using a case-control methodology. It was developed after ensuring face and content validity, and suitable modifications were done based on the internal consistency measure and factor analysis results. The tool was applied in children with SLD and two groups of controls. ROC curve analysis was done to find the optimum cut-off, and validity parameters were estimated. Results: A total of 21 SLD, 42 normal and 37 borderline intelligence children, were studied. The final tool with 26 items had good Cronbach’s alpha (0.95) and area under the curve values (0.96). The tool had good sensitivity (100 %) and specificity (77.2%), i.e., if the score is <10, we can rule out SLD. Conclusions: We propose a new screening tool for SLD with promising reliability and validity characteristics that need to be evaluated further.

Developing Assessment Instrument of Data, Technology, and Human Literacy in Physics Learning

This study aims to determine validity of the assessment instrument data, technology, and human literacy in physics learning. The research method uses research and development (RnD) with modified 4-D model until development stage. Instrument of validation was assessed by 6 validators. The instrument was tested by 36 students of class X SMK Texmaco Semarang. The form of instruments is multiple choice test with 21 item to measure the cognitive domain. Data analysis in this research are tests of content validity, reliability, internal consistency, discrimination power, and level of difficulty. The results of the content validity by using Aiken’s coefficient get an average score 0.84 with a valid category at significance level of 0.05. Cronbach’s Alpha and ICC values from reliability test are 0.77 and 0.806 with reliable categories. The results of internal consistency showed that 80.95% items had a good internal consistency. There are 4 items with category not used from the discrimination power test. Furthermore from the results of the difficulty level, 7 items are easy, 13 items are medium, and 1 item is difficult. Based on results of the instrument analysis can be concluded that the instrument developed were valid and reliabel then can be used to measure ability of data, technology, and humans literacy in physics learning.&#x0D;

Factors Affecting University Selection: Empirical Evidence from Hyderabad, Pakistan

Selection in Hyderabad, Pakistan.&#x0D; Method/Design: There are three independent variables selected, which are Financial Variable, Institutional Awareness and Institutional characteristics and the selected dependent variable is University selection. A 5 Likert scale adopted questionnaire was used as the instrument for the research. The data was gathered from a sample of 130 students and was analyzed by applying reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha) and Multiple regression in SPSS version 20.&#x0D; Findings: It was concluded from the findings of the research that Financial Variable and Institutional characteristics have a positive and significant impact on university selection. Whereas, Institutional Awareness was found to have negative and insignificant impact on university selection.&#x0D; Practical Implications: It is recommended that universities should consider these factors in order to increase the enrollment in their university. This will also improve the name and reputation of the university. Students should also consider these factors in order to select a proper university.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK PAIR SHARE TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR IPA DITINJAU DARI KEAKTIFAN SISWA

This research aims to determine the influence of ‘think pair share’ cooperative learning model on Science learning achievement as viewed from students’ activeness. This research was conducted at Selang State Elementary School, Gunung Kidul regency, academic year 2018/2019 with a population that consists of 2 classes of odd semester fourth graders, totaling 46 students. The research type is quasi experiment, students from IV-A and IV-B classes were taken as research samples. The data collection techniques used were documentation technique; test technique, and questionnaires. Test item validity was calculated using a product moment correlation formula. Test item reliability was calculated using the KR-20 formula and the questionnaire instrument using Cronbach’s alpha. The data analysis technique used was ancova test after applying requirement analysis tests which included distribution normality test, variant homogeneity test, and correlation linearity test. The research results descriptively showed that the tendency of Science learning achievement where ‘think-pair-share’ learning model was used had an average of 22.217 (very high); and the tendency of students’ learning activeness had an average of 69.78 (very high). The tendency of Science learning achievement in which expository learning model was used had an average of 18.83 (high), and the tendency of students’ learning activeness had an average of 57.609 (medium). Comparatively there was a very significant difference in students’ Science learning achievements between Selang State Elementary School Gunung Kidul fourth graders who used ‘think-pair-share’ model and those who used expository model in terms of students’ activeness (Fcount = 0.075 with p = 0.781). The average of students’ Science learning achievement scores and students’ activeness in those who used the ‘think-pair-share’ learning model are higher than those who used the expository learning model.

INFLUENCE OF INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA LEARNING TO NURSING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE GAIN AND RETENTION ABOUT MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION

Mental status examination is a significant phase in delivering nursing care as the basis to make diagnosis. In the reality, a lot of nursing students still difficult to understand terminologies and structures in mental status assessment. Studies show that interactive multimedia may help students to understand real conditions of the patients which are difficult to visualized. However, in the context of mental status assessment, further research required. The design of the study is quasi experimental including pre and post test with control group. The knowledge score measured using instrument 40 items multiple choice self-developed based on theory and has been content and construct validity with Cronbach’s Alpha 0,94. The result was analyzed by using Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference mean score of intervention group (65,52 + 6,958) compared with control group (47,22 + 3,773) (p = 0,000). Knowledge retention of intervention group (62,13+6,681) and control group (42,45+3,232).The results of this study indicate there is a significant influence of interactive multimedia learning to improve undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge about mental status examination. It is advisable to Nurse Educator for using interactive multimedia to overcome the difficulties of the students in understanding the concepts of mental status examination.

Toward Enhancing Sustainable Competitive Advantage of Small and Medium Enterprises in Developing Economies of Africa: A Confirmatory Analysis

The increasing globalization and liberalization of trade have posed onto manufacturing small and medium enterprise (SMEs) in developing economies of Africa a survival and growth challenges. Nevertheless, the resource-based-view (RBV) has given rise to a perspective that views a firm’s intangible assets as strategic resources with the potential to create and enhance sustainable competitive advantage in both local and global markets. Based on the peculiarity of SMEs in Africa, this paper develops and validate a conceptual model on the role of strategic organizational capabilities in improving the competitive advantage of SMEs for sustainable development in developing economies of Africa. Precisely, six variables were identified and reviewed as strategic capabilities. A total number of 81 valid questionnaires were retrieved from owners/managers of SMEs in Yobe state Nigeria and used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the adopted measures. The result of Cronbach’s Alpha test reveals a satisfactory value for all the variables under study. Specifically, innovation, learning, management, marketing, relational and technological capabilities have been established to be reliable strategic capabilities that would effectively and efficiently create and improve the sustainable competitive advantage of SMEs in developing economies.

Sign language learning and assessment in German Switzerland: Exploring the potential of vocabulary size tests for Swiss German Sign Language

In German Switzerland the learning and assessment of Swiss German Sign Language (Deutschschweizerische GebA¤rdensprache, DSGS) takes place in different contexts, for example, in tertiary education or in continuous education courses. By way of the still ongoing implementation of the Common European Framework of Reference for DSGS, different tests and assessment procedures are currently been developed and their potential are explored to support the learning and assessment of DSGS. Examples of this are two vocabulary size tests. The first is a web-delivered Yes/No Test, the second a Translation Test from written German to DSGS. For both tests, the same set of items was used. The items were sampled from DSGS teaching materials. For the development of the two vocabulary size tests, 20 DSGS adult learners of ages 24 to 55 (M = 39.3) were recruited as test takers. An item analysis of the test results yielded candidates for removal from the item set. Cronbach’s Alpha showed good results for both tests (>.90), and inter-rater reliability of the translation test also indicated promising results (Cohen’s Kappa = .613, p <.001). Evidence contributing to content validity was collected based on the sampling method of the test items. Due to the lack of a second DSGS vocabulary test that could be used to establish concurrent validity, external variables were identified and investigated as possible external criteria contributing to the performance of the test takers. One variable, number of courses attended, showed a significant correlation with the test results.

DETERMINANTS OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES:CAPABILITIES-BASED PERSPECTIVE

S&#x0D; mal&#x0D; l and medium enterprises (SMEs)&#x0D; in developing economies&#x0D; nowadays&#x0D; experience&#x0D; s&#x0D; strong competitions&#x0D; both locally and at the global markets&#x0D; .&#x0D; Consequently,&#x0D; Hall and&#x0D; Wagner,&#x0D; (2012)&#x0D; demonstrated the needs for an&#x0D; analysis of specific s&#x0D; trategic&#x0D; capabilities required for&#x0D; sustainable&#x0D; development of small businesses&#x0D; . Despite the interest stimulated by the works of&#x0D; numerous scholars&#x0D; (Ma, 2004,&#x0D; Teece, 1992)&#x0D; , there have been limited researches that&#x0D; attempted to examine and&#x0D; demonstrated the factors influencing competitive advantage of&#x0D; SMEs i&#x0D; n developing economies&#x0D; .&#x0D; Devlin and&#x0D; Ennew, (1997)&#x0D; advocated t&#x0D; hat market driven&#x0D; competition arena and source of competitive advantage are easily recogniza&#x0D; ble for particular&#x0D; market&#x0D; .&#x0D; Th&#x0D; is study concep&#x0D; tualized six capabilities as strategic capabilities&#x0D; which can&#x0D; efficiently enhance&#x0D; SMEs&#x0D; competitive advantage at local an&#x0D; d international markets. The&#x0D; results from the comfirmatory factor analysis through Cronbach’s alpha demonstrated the&#x0D; reliability of&#x0D; the&#x0D; items measuring; innovation capability, learning capability, managemnt&#x0D; capability, marketing capability, relational capa&#x0D; bility and technological capability as&#x0D; determinants of SMEs competitive advantage in developing economies.