Region Of Tlemcen Research Articles

Modeling of Bacillus cereus evolution in pasteurized cow milk locally distributed at point of sale: a case of three companies in Tlemcen region, Algeria

Bacillus cereus is among the most hazardous bacteria that could reduce the shelf life of pasteurized milk and could threaten consumers’ health. These bacteria groups are known for their heat resistance and their ability to produce two types of toxins, diarrheic and emetic. This study aimed to enumerate the B. cereus in raw cow’s milk collected from three companies in the Tlemcen region, then modeled, based on a probabilistic approach, their evolution throughout the process, split into six steps, until the point of sale. At first, the analysis of 242 samples on MYP medium, shows a high prevalence between 92% and 98% of B. cereus with variable concentrations among the three companies. Throughout the storage of milk at refrigeration temperatures (2°C, 4°C and 5°C), no growth of B. cereus was estimated. Otherwise, the pasteurization process reduces the contamination level depending on pasteurization temperature as for company A, the mean concentration decreases from 1.53 log CFU/mL to 1.07 log CFU/mL. In this study, the distribution step at ambient temperature changes significantly the B. cereus concentration to reach a critical concentration during July and August. In conclusion, the quality of raw cow milk must be controlled before reception on the farm and the cold chain must be maintained throughout all process points until consumption.

Orthopteroids on three Species of Cistaceae in the Region of Tlemcen (Algeria)

The region of Tlemcen is located in the northwestern part of Algeria. It is characterized by the Mediterranean climate. It moves away from the coast about 60 km.Cistus salvifolius or Cistus with sage leaves is a thermophilic shrub characterizing the Mediterranean region. It is a moderately fragrant plant that can reach 100 cm in height. Cistus ladaniferus or Cistus gum is a woody pyrophyte shrub with glutinous leaves, used in medicine up to 1.5 m in height. These two cists are found in the mountains of Tlemcen. On the other hand, Cistus monspeliensis is a shrub with very vigorous vegetation known for its medicinal virtues and is present in the Nedroma zone.We propose to study the Orthopteroid fauna associated with these three Cistaceae. It includes 3 orders namely Orthoptera, Mantoptera and Dermaptera. The order of Orthoptera is divided into 02 sub-orders: that of Caelifera includes 03 families: those of Pamphagidae, Pyrgomorphidae and Acrididae. The second suborder, which of the Ensifers, comprises 2 families: those of the Gryllidae and the Tettigoniidae. The order Mantoptera includes the family Mantidae. The order Dermaptera has only one family, that of Forficulidae. Of the 3 Cistaceae, 25 species of Orthopteroids have been inventoried. Cistus ladaniferus has 16 species; C.salvifolius and C. monspeliensis have 15 species respectively. Orthoptera are the most numerous. We count 13 species on the sage-leaved cistus.Two species of Mantidae are found on the rockrose. Mantis religiosa is found in the different stations of Cistaceae. Sphodromantis linicola is found on Cistus ladaniferus. Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera) is present on all three Cists. Six species of Orthopteroids seem common to the 3 plants considered.

Integration of geoelectrical, hydrochemical and geothermal data to identify the origin of thermal water in the foothills of the Tlemcen mountains, Northwestern Algeria

In previous studies, the mean geothermal gradient of the Tlemcen region has been estimated as low (3.7°C/100m). The existing boreholes in the Remchi plain (North of the Tlemcen Mountains) reveal thermal waters (26-48°C) and a remarkable artesianism. To understand the hydrodynamics and origin of thermalism of this groundwater, we merged geophysical and physical-chemical data. Geophysical data allowed us to improve the resolution of the fault network, to estimate the thickness of various sandstone beds connected with the thermal reservoir and to delimit the productive aquifer. Chemical characteristics of waters have been used for a statistical analysis, which displayed two independent water clusters resulting from two hydrodynamic patterns throughout the aquifer. The hydrothermal analysis identifies the depth reached by water and the relationship between water circulation and the fault network. Comparison with previous studies allowed us to build a schematic geological model, which explains hydrodynamics, origin and role of this structure in the groundwater flow.

Biometric and ecological characteristics of Malva subovata in northwest Algeria (Rachgoune)

Plants and the shapes of their leaves, petals and flowers are essential for distinguishing the different species present on earth. This study was carried out in the coastal region of Tlemcen with the aim of determining the morphology and morphometry of M.subovata. Our study area belongs to the semi-arid bioclimatic zone. The morphometric study has two main components: morphological measurements supported by controlled univariate and bivariate analyses (ANOVA1,2) to assess the impact of the site on the growth in stem length and exposure of this species, and to better define the influence of environmental factors on its development. In conclusion, the morphometric study shows a very good correlation between the various parameters measured, and it is important to emphasise the importance of the rich flora of this region and the need to implement a strategy to conserve and develop these natural resources.

Colorectal cancer in a region of western of Algeria: results of 581 cases in 5 years.

The objective of this work is to evaluate the epidemiological profile of colorectal cancers, histologically proven over a 5-year period (2012-2016) in the Tlemcen region. A retrospective study of 581 cases of colorectal cancer collected at the epidemiology department of the University Hospital Center (UHC) of Tlemcen between January 2012 and December 2016 was performed. Epidemiological data were processed using SPSS version 25 and Microsoft Excel 2010. The epidemiological profile has shown that colorectal cancer in our region ranks 3rd in both sexes. There were 322 men (55.4%) affected compared to 259 women (44.6%) with a sex ratio of 1.2. A predominance of males is noted in 50-60 age group, while for the female sex, the dominance is between 60-70 years old. The mean age of CRC occurrence was 60±13 years, with an extremity ranging from16 to 90. A significantly higher rate was recorded for rectal cancer (43.7%) followed by sigmoid colon (5.7%). Variable rates were recorded during the 5 years with a peak in 2014 (27.9%). Regular analysis of these data, if supplemented with additional data on diagnostic modalities like circular RNA diagnostic, will contribute to the assessment of the impact over time of public policies on nationally organized CRC screening.

The Paleontological Heritage of the Tlemcen Region (NW Algeria): Geoconservation and Promotion

The Paleontological Heritage of the Tlemcen Region (NW Algeria): Geoconservation and Promotion

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis MS and The Association Between Familial MS and Consanguinity in The Region of Tlemcen (Western Algeria)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, of immune origin. The aim of this work was to study the epidemiology and clinical parameters of MS patients and to establish the association between familial MS and consanguinity. A retrospective study was conducted on the medical records of 129 patients with MS diagnosed at the Neurology department of the Tlemcen UHC, in order to determine the epidemiological profile and the biological characteristics. The period is between June 2019 and May 2021. Our sample was reported with 103 women and 26 men, a percentage of 79.8% and 20.2% respectively. The sex ratio (female/male) was 3.96. The patient’s minimum age was 19 and 72 years old with a mean of 40.41 ± 11.72. The mean age of disease onset was 30.71 ± 11.30. The association between consanguinity and familial MS was not significant p = 0.141. The EDSS scale (Expanded Disability Status Scale) was between 0 and 6, with a mean of 2.32 ± 1.42. Among the MS forms, there is a predominance of the relapsing-remitting form (76%), secondary progressive (21.7%) and primary progressive at 2.3%. No significant association was observed between gender and clinical evolution p = 0.432. A significant association between the clinical evolution of MS and the EDSS p=0.000. The MS increased prevalence in the Tlemcen region is probably due to cultural factors. The association with consanguinity was not significant, but the hypothesis is not discarded.

Floristic diversity and therapeutic proprieties of medicinal plants in the region of Tlemcen (Western Algeria)

Floristic diversity and therapeutic proprieties of medicinal plants in the region of Tlemcen (Western Algeria)

Some Edaphic Aspects of the Matorrals of Sidi-Djilali (South-West of Tlemcen)

Abstract The region considered is the South of Tlemcen (Sidi Djilali), in order to high the analysis of the main soil edaphic factors. This study takes into account on one hand the analysis of the different physicochemical characters and on the other hand, the statistical analysis of these factors. The soils in our study area show some homogeneity. They have a silty-clay texture. With a presence of clay known for its high retention capacity, this texture also includes a significant percentage of sand in front of the other granulometric elements (Sande: 37.5%, Silt: 30.75%, Clays: 31.75%); The pH of the soil is not very alkaline for this region, it varies between 6.69 to 6.89; The rate of organic matter is very low (0.3 and 0.8%), it justifies the low rate of vegetation cover (20 to 30%) and the rather limited restitution to the soil; The limestone rate is average for this region and does not exceed 24.4%; The analyzed soils are unsalted (0.1 and 0.3 mS / cm). Regarding the color of the soil, it differs from one station to another with a tendency to brownish color expressed according to the international color of Munsell (YR). Furthermore, the biostatistical treatment of data collected through the A.C.P. realized with the help of the software "MINITAB 16" concretized with the help of graphs, the correlations which can exist between the different edaphic parameters studied. These biostatistical results allowed us to analyze in a rather precise way the edaphic factors of the southern slope of the Tlemcen region.

The holoparasitic Orobanchaceae of Tlemcen region (north-western Algeria): diversity, distribution and host range

The knowledge of the holoparasitic Orobanchaceae of Tlemcen region is updated through surveys based on eleven years of fieldwork, analysis and revision of bibliographic information and consultation of the main Herbaria related to the studied area. The detailed distribution in geographical units of the 20 taxa, belonging to the four genera: Boulardia, Cistanche, Orobanche and Phelipanche have been provided, together with habitat description and host plants. We also highlight the presence of taxa with marked chorological interest, rarely cited on the territory, such as O. alba, O. gracilis, O. hederae, P. portoilicitana and P. reuteriana. Note that the species: Cistanche violacea, Orobanche calendulae, Orobanche caryophyllacea, Orobanche reticulata, and Phelipanche cernuahave not been found in the Tlemcen area so far, so we will consider them as conflicting species to be searched.

Insecticidal Activity on Callosobruchus Maculatus of Essential Oils Extracted from Naturally Grown and Cultivated Rosemary

The biological activity of the essential oils extracted from the leaves of Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L. growing naturally (Honaine region, Algeria), and cultivated Rosmarinus tournefortii de Noé (Tlemcen region, Algeria) was tested under laboratory conditions against the chickpea bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) which causes losses in the field and during storage. The essential oils were tested at three different doses 1, 3, and 5 µL/30 g of seeds, on different biological parameters: adult mortality, female fecundity, and fertility of laid eggs. Results indicated that these essential oils exert varying toxicity levels on the adults of C. maculatus, with a decrease or even inhibition of the fecundity of the females and the fertility of the laid eggs at high doses. However, the essential oils of R. officinalis were more effective than that of R. tournefortii with LD50 of 2.97 and 4.74 µL/30 g of seeds and LT50 of 2.10 and 3.14 days, respectively. Thus, the chemical composition of the major toxic components in the two essential oils, like α-pinene, camphor, β-pinene, cineole, and borneol, extracted from the two national regions is essential to make use of these products as botanical insecticides.

Contribution to the microscopic study of three plant species used in traditional Algerian medicine

The present work aims to study the anatomical characteristics of three plant species used in Algeria for their diuretic and antilithiasic properties. Also to summarise the results obtained in detailed drawings of each part studied as well as diagrams with conventional tissue signs.
 For this, plant samples were collected from herbalists in the region of Tlemcen (northwestern Algeria). These were leaves and stems of Petroselinum crispum (Apiaceae), leaves of Scolymus hispanicus (Asteraceae), leaves and stems of Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae); they were all examined and identified. Cross sections were made and stained using the double staining technique; they were then observed under an optical microscope.
 It was generally observed that the parsley leaf did not have any secretory trichomes, and the secretory duct in the midrib was located between the phloem and the lower epidermis. It was also noted that there were no secretory trichomes in the Spanish Scolyme. In addition, branched covering trichomes and secretory trichomes with octacellular head were observed in the leaf of white horehound.
 These findings are certainly going to help enrich the rare bibliographic data available on the anatomy of these three species.

First Taxonomic study of the Lichens in the Tlemcen National Park (Case of Hafir Forest)

The objective of this work is the inventory of lichens in the Hafir forest, it is part of a more general project aimed at studying the lichen flora of the Tlemcen region. The Hafir forest is one of the last Algerian mountainous cork oak forests belonging to the Bético Rifain complex. Our study area enjoys a Mediterranean climate, subhumid with cool winters. Based mainly on random sampling, giving particular importance to the different types of substrate, we were able to sample 73 species of lichens belonging to 16 families and 38 genera. Among these, the Parmeliaceae family is the most dominant with 19 species followed by the Lecanoraceae family which is represented by 14 species and the Physciaceae by 13 species. The physiognomic spectrum shows the presence of 06 lichen categories: foliaceous lichens, crustaceans, fruticose, gelatinous, scaly and leprous. While the classification by type of substrate shows the dominance of corticolous lichens with 48 species followed by saxicolous with 13 species, terricolous with 06 in number and lignicoles and muscicoles with 03 species each. We were able to identify 18 species protected by Algerian law among inventoried lichens. The Hafir forest is home to a very interesting lichen diversity that deserves to be protected, which requires immediate intervention to reduce the anthropogenic pressure exerted and which can pollute this natural environment.
 Keywords:Lichen - Biodiversity-Sampling- Inventory- Tlemcen

Diversity of fungal communities in the soil of three nurseries in Tlemcen (North-West of Algeria)

Fungi play a central role in most ecosystems and seem to dominate the microbial biomass in soil habitats, where they are important decomposers and occupy a notable position in the natural carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. Despite the fact that fungal species have been studied in several contexts, the diversity of some soil fungal species in nurseries is still unknown. This study aimed to explore the diversity of fungal species occurring in nursery soil of Tlemcen province (North-west of Algeria) and to test the antagonist effect of some isolates of Trichoderma sp. on species of the genus Pythium and those of Diplodia.
 Soil and root samples from young seedlings showing symptoms of oomycete infection and other fungal were collected in three nurseries of Tlemcen region. Following a soil baiting using fresh ornamental leaves, three Phytophthora species were isolated and identified based on morphology and microscopic observation. About the others groups, the dilution method using physiological water, revealed the presence of significant fungal biodiversity on the PDA medium. Twelve fungal species and five oomycetes have been isolated and identified, namely: D. sapinea, Lasio. exigua, F. oxysporum, Aspergillus sp., Penicellium sp., Mucor sp., Trichoderma sp., Alternaria sp. P. cinnamomi, P. gonapodyides, P. ramorum, Py. ultimum and Py. Polare. 
 Significant antagonist activity was recorded for isolates of Trichoderma sp. against Pythium sp. and Diplodia sp.

Diachronic study (2000-2019) of bioclimate and land use in Tlemcen region, Northwest Algeria

ABSTRACT This paper reports a study of bioclimatic dynamics and land use in the region of Tlemcen (north-west of Algeria). GIS (geographic information system) and satellite images (LandSat) were used to conduct a diachronic study based on a series of satellite images from the years 2000 and 2019 to demonstrate changes in the study area while highlighting the importance of environmental conditions, including climate and anthropogenic impact on dynamic vegetation cover. Bioclimatic synthesis has shown an improvement in the rainfall regime and an evolution towards higher bioclimatic atmospheres between the two periods (1985–1999) and (2004–2018). Land use in the study area is under the influence of strong anthropogenic pressures and is experiencing a decline in forest areas from 28.74 to 17.49% but also in agricultural land and lawns from 38.61% to 27.67% in favour of built-up areas which increased from 0.81% to 1.09% but mainly to the benefit of bare soil: an ultimate stage of degradation whose surface area increased from 31.59% in 2000 to 53.46% in 2019.

EXAMPLE OF RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT COVERAGE IN TLEMCEN REGION (ALGERIA)

The objective of this study is to try to understand the evolution of the vegetation in the littoral and the steppe of the region of Tlemcen. The data used are floristic inventories from 2000 and 2019 in the stations of Ghazaouet and Sidi Djilali combined with climatic data from the two periods. This made it possible to detect the changes over a period of 20 years. Despite the multiple anthropozoogenic actions that our region undergoes, the results show stability in the steppe region and a some progression of the plant cover in the Ghazaouet station. These results are preliminary and require verification at other stations.

Geographical Distribution of Malvaceae: Lavatera maritima=Malva subovataa in Coastal Region of Tlemcen, Algeria

The végétation of the Tlemcen region, presents the study of plant diversity. In order to give an overview of the location of , L.maritimadeveloped a map of the stations (Chaib rasso, Marsa ben m'hidi, Bider Mouskarada). The dominance of therophyte species compared to chamaephytes and phanerophytes, which testifies to a very strong anthropogenic action.

Diversity of Malacofauna on Marrubium Vulgare L (Lamiaceae) and Juniperus Oxycedrus L(Cupressaceae) in the Mount of Tlemcen (Oranie, Algeria)

The region of Tlemcen is located in the North-West of Algeria, whose climatic impact is reflected in the degradation of the forest into matorral, an open formation made up of plant species such as: Cistaceae, Lamiaceae (horehound, stoeckade lavender) and the juniper. We propose to carry out an approach of the diversity of the malacofauna found on 2 plant species namely Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae) and Juniperus oxycedrus (Cupressaceae). The malacological richness is estimated at 9 for oxycedar juniper and 7 for horehound. It is divided into 3 families: Milacidae, Helicidae and Subulinidae. Two species of Milacidae are found on the oxycedar. The 3rd family comprises a single species, being Rumina decollata. Concerning the family of Helicidae, the most diversified has 2 sub-families: those of Helicinae and Helicellinae. The 1st sub-family has 6 species on oxycedar and 5 species on horehound. The 2nd subfamily includes only one species, namely Helicella terveri on horehound. The seasonal distribution according to the specific richness of Gastropods is shown. We are looking for the malacological species specific to each of the two plant species and the species that are common to them. Finally, the vertical distribution of gastropods is given.

Contribution to the morphometric characterization and physico-chemical analysis of meat of porcupines (Hystrix cristata ) in Tlemcen region

In Algeria, the work undertaken on the ecology of wild rodents mainly focuses on gerbils and merions, and Cténdactylideae. As for hystricide, to our knowledge studies are non-existent although porcupine (Hystrix cristata). Although being a protected species, the porcupine is considered an agricultural pest, with tasty meat, and therefore largely poached. This study took place over a two-year cycle from 2017 to 2019. Field investigations began in region of Tlemcen. A survey was carried out to collect information; we used 25 questions about farmer and hunter like age, jobs, profession ...) also a question about the use of porcupine in this area and how the farmer and hunter deal with this animal. Sampling was carried out on individuals of both sexes, male and female. A total of 22 individuals were sampled, including 12 males and 10 females. The description of the qualitative characteristics was made using a visual examination. Two qualitative variables were studied. The description of the quantitative characteristics was carried out using a tape measure in which each animal was subjected to 15 body measurements. For the physico-chemical analysis, 100 g of fresh meat from two healthy individuals was used. Descriptive analysis revealed that females are larger than males; the black color of the skin (59.09%) is the most dominant compared to the dark brown (36.36%) and light brown (4.54%) color. Principal component analysis (PCA) has shown that all quantitative variables are positively correlated with each other. The principal component analysis of individuals by region shows that the majority of individuals from the interior plains have high values ​​(Maghnia and Remchi) and the majority of individuals from forest areas have the lowest values ​​(Ghazawat, Mafrouche and Ain fezza) . Principal component analysis of individuals by sex shows that females contain high values ​​compared to males. Principal component analysis of individuals by skin color shows no difference between individuals. The ascending hierarchical classification (CAH) confirmed the results of the CPA which allowed us to distinguish 4 classes. The results of physico-chemical analysis of the fresh meat of 2 individuals (male and female) of the Ghanmi breed, for 100g of fresh meat reveal that the protein content is 21.5-20 g, the lipid content is quite important in the female compared to the male (3g in the female and 1.35 g in the male). In contrast, the carbohydrate content and per 100 g of meat was zero

Taxonomic diversity and structure of malacofauna in stations Lavandula angustifolia L. (Lamiaceae) in the garden‘s Park of Tlemcen (Northwest Algerian)

The Tlemcen region is located in northwest Algeria and is characterized by a semi-arid bioclimate. An approach to the diversity of the malacofauna associated with Lavandula angustifolia was carried out in three stations in the gardens of Tlemcen Park from February to June 2015. The specific richness of Gastropods is 7 divided between two families: that of Helicidae and that of Subulinidae. The first includes two sub-families including that of Helicinae and that of Helicellinae and the second is represented by a single species. Two species are constant (Euparypha pisana and Rumina decollata), four are accessory and only one species is accidental. The relative importance of snails fluctuates between stations and between months and seasons. In February, in the first station, the specific richness is the highest equal to 6. The malacological richness is zero in June in the three stations. The largest numbers are found in the first station. Euparypha pisana (Helicidae) has a frequency of 80% and an abundance of 0.46 in the second station. The majority of malacological species are collected from the surface of the soil.