Titles Of Scientific Papers Research Articles

Shannon entropy in time-varying semantic networks of titles of scientific paper

Recent work has employed information theory in social and complex networks. Studies often discuss entropy in the degree distributions of a network. However, no specific work on entropy exists in clique networks. This work is an extension of a previous study that discussed this topic. We propose a method for calculating the entropy of a clique network and its minimum and maximum values in temporal semantic networks based on titles of scientific papers. In addition, the critical network of moments was extracted. We use the titles of scientific papers published in Nature and Science over ten-year period. The results show the diversity of vocabulary over time, based on the entropy values of vertices and edges. In each critical network, we discover the paths that connect important words and an interesting modular structure.

Using scientific names guarantees universality of communication in science… but are plant biologists aware of it?

After a survey of 603,637 titles of scientific papers dealing with twenty model and/or crop species, frequent usage of vernacular name-only, of only the abbreviated genus or other errors in indicating the scientific names were observed. A decalogue of golden rules for the ‘simple user’ of plant nomenclature is proposed.

Semantic networks based on titles of scientific papers

In this paper we study the topological structure of semantic networks based on titles of papers published in scientific journals. It discusses its properties and presents some reflections on how the use of social and complex network models can contribute to the diffusion of knowledge. The proposed method presented here is applied to scientific journals where the titles of papers are in English or in Portuguese. We show that the topology of studied semantic networks are small-world and scale-free.

Jargon or Gibberish?

Understanding the titles of scientific papers can be as difficult as \_\_\_| (verb ending in -ing) a \\_\_\_|\_ (noun), which is what makes the online game arXiv vs. snarXiv ( ) so frustratingly addictive. The game challenges players to tell the titles of genuine papers published on the preprint archive arxiv.org from ones generated by a computer program using a Mad Libs–based algorithm. David Simmons-Duffin, a physics Ph.D. student at Harvard University and the game's creator, says he was worried that scientists would take offense at seeing their names listed as authors of the nonsense papers. But researchers are now asking to be added to the game.

Garfield’s demon and “surprising” or “unexpected” results in science

The relative occurrence of the words “surprising” and “unexpected” in the titles of scientific papers was 11 times more common in 2001–2005 than in 1900–1955. However, papers which had titles containing one of these words did not receive enhanced numbers of citations. Both words (and also adjectives “unusual” and “unfortunately”) are used significantly more frequently in science than in social sciences and humanities. The distribution of the statements of surprise is not random in scientific literature (chemistry journals ranked highest in the number of papers claiming “surprising” or “unexpected” results) and may reflect the level of maturity of a discipline.

Some comments on misuse of terms related to chemical analysis

I have been involved in scientific studies involving chemical analysis for more than 49 years. Over this period I have observed an increasing tendency to incorrect use of terms “analysis” and “determination” and the corresponding verbum forms. According to correct terminology in English, samples are analyzed, analytes (e.g., trace elements) are determined. However, too often expressions such as “analysis of copper in blood” are seen in the literature, especially in papers written by non-chemists. The reason why I am raising this point at the present time in that I observed the problem in several recent titles of papers published over the last few years in the Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry: Preconcentration and neutron activation analysis of thorium and uranium in natural waters1 Use of activated carbon as pre-separation agent in NAA of selenium, cobalt and iodine2 Recent developments in the analysis of transuranics (Np, Pu, Am) in sea water3 Automated radiochemical analysis of total 99Tc in aged nuclear waste processing streams4 Photon activation analysis of carbon in glasses for fiber amplifiers by using the flow method for the rapid separation of 11C5 Preconcentration neutron activation analysis of lanthanides by cloudpoint extraction using PAN6 Analysis of the chemical elements in leaves infected by fumagina by X-ray fluorescence technique7 Rapid method for 226Ra and 228Ra analysis in water samples8 The above list is far from exhaustive. I believe that this incorrect use of terminology should be avoided at least in the titles of scientific papers, in Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry as well as in other scientific journals. In some of the above cases replacing “of” with “for the determination of”, or just with “for”, would have solved the problem. In other cases it would be preferable to reverse the order of words in the sentence, such as e.g., “Determination of selenium, cobalt and iodine by NAA using activated carbon as a pre-separation agent”.

Syntactic and semantic structure analysis of article titles in analytical chemistry

Titles of scientific papers often include words that develop definite syntactic patterns around them. In analytical chemistry, these roles are played by frequently used analysis- related words which demand an object, such as "analysis of", "analyse" or "analysing". Syntactic patterns of the titles in cluding these words were studied paying particular attention to prepositions which were then collectively expressed by Backus Naur Form (BNF) notations. The patterns can be utilised to extract word strings corresponding to analyte, ma trix and analytical procedure, which are the main facets through which we grasp the core ideas in analytical chemistry papers. Facet tabulation of extracted words provides a display easier to see and understand than the titles themselves. In addition, this method can be applied to automatic assignment of facet categories to title words; and the word categories may be used for analysis of titles in other diversified syntactic patterns. This approach can be extended to the analysis of article titles in other disciplines.

Extraction of facet terms from article titles and their display in tabular form

A trial was carned out to effect automatic extraction of significant words from titles of scientific papers and display them in tabular form. The extraction algonthm is based on the simple syntactic patterns developed around a "pivot word." which has high control over the use of functional words in its vicinity. A pivot word and prepositions as well as punctuation marks delimit and extract title words; no word dictionary is used. The approach was applied to article titles in analytical chemistry. which include "determination(s)" and "determining" as pivot words. The syntactic patterns were expressed by Backus Naur Form notations, from which extraction rules were denved. Sample titles were processed on a personal computer, loaded with LISP programs for information extraction and table format display in accordance with the facets essential to analy sis. The adequacy of the approach was regarded as good with regard to its simplicity. This approach not only extracts keywords from article titles but also provides them with proper roles in conformity with the facets pertinent to the subject concerned.

Erroneous Citations and Titles of Scientific Papers

Erroneous Citations and Titles of Scientific Papers