Extraction Of Titanium Research Articles

The extraction of titanium, chromium and cadmium from phosphoric acid solutions by p- (1 ,1, 3, 3-tetramethyl butyl) phenyl phosphoric acid in kerosene diluent

The distribution of titanium, chromium and cadmium between phosphoric acid solutions and solutions of p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl butyl) phenyl phosphoric acid in kerosene diluent was investigated under various conditions. The aqueous and organic phases were analyzed by inductively coupled emission atomic spectrophotometry. It was found that the extraction order of p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl butyl) phenyl phosphoric acid for metals was Ti > Cr > Cd for concentrations of H 3PO 4 ⩾ 7 M and Cr > Cd > Ti for concentrations of H 3PO 4 ⩽ 5 M.

Extraction of titanium, vanadium and iron from titanomagnetite deposits at pipestone lake, Manitoba, Canada

A process has been developed at the laboratory scale for the recovery of titanium, vanadium and iron from the vanadium bearing titanomagnetite deposit at Pipestone Lake, Manitoba, by combined pyro- and hydrometallurgical processing route. The ore which contains 57.5% Fe, 0.66% V and 16.6% TiO 2 was subjected to selective reduction smelting so that most of the iron reported to the metal phase and the vanadium and titanium to the slag phase. The iron had a purity of 99%. The slag contained between 9–35% FeO, 31–46% TiO 2, and 1.2–1.6% V. Over 98% of the titanium and vanadium reported to the slag phase. The slag was roasted with soda ash at 950°C and then leached with hot water at 80°C to recover vanadium. The leach residue was further treated with hydrochloric acid at 105°C in order to upgrade TiO 2 content by removing mainly iron, magnesium and aluminum. The final product contained 82.9% TiO 2, 1.5% FeO, 15.6% SiO 2, 1% MgO, 2% Al 2O 3, and 0.3% CaO with an overall titanium recovery above 90%. This product can be utilized as feedstock to the pigment industry.

EXTRACTION OF TITANIUM(IV) BY MIXTURES OF MONO- AND DH(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHOSPHORIC ACID ESTERS

ABSTRACT Solvent extraction of titanium(IV) from hydrochloric acid solutions by mixtures of mono- and di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid esters (MEHPA and DEHPA) has been investigated as a function of HC1 concentration in the aqueous phase and extractants concentration in the organic phase It was found that MEHPA extracts Ti, 3 orders of magnitude more efficiently than DEHPA. Efficiency of extraction by MEHPA does not depend on acid concentration in the aqueous phase in the range of 0·1 – 8·8 mole/Kg. As a rule Ti/MEHPA ratio in the complex is 1/2. At low aqueous phase acidities (0·1–1·0 mole/Kg HCl) formation of six- (or eight-) coordinate bidentate hydrated Ti(IV)-2MEHPA complexes is suggested. At acidities above 7·0 mole/Kg HC1 titanium forms tridentate six- (or eight-) coordinate complexes. At medium acidities (2·0–6·0 mole/Kg HCl) mixtures of these complexes are formed. Prolonged mixing of the phases or aging of the organic phase leads to dehydration and to transformation of bidentate to tridentate Ti-2...

Metallic solvent extraction of manganese and titanium from ferroalloys

The selective removal of valuable elements from ferroalloys has been investigated. It has been found that liquid bismuth is a suitable solvent for leaching manganese from its ferroalloy. High recoveries and rapid reaction rates were obtained for low-carbon ferromanganese, but results for the high-carbon ferromanganese and silicomanganese were less favorable due to the lower activity of manganese in these alloys and the lack of wetting by liquid bismuth. Antimony was found to be a suitable solvent for titanium from ferrotitanium but iron was also taken into solution. Manganese was successfully transferred from solution in liquid bismuth to liquid aluminum by fused salt electrorefining, using a NaCl-KCl-MnCl electrolyte, at high current efficiencies with negligible carryover of bismuth.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminium in Pure Titania after Extraction of Matrix with Tri-n-butyl Phosphate

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of traces of aluminium in titanium oxide has been described. The method was based on selective extraction of titanium as TiCl4.2TBP (TBP = tri-n-butyl phosphate) with TBP in CCI4 in 11N HCI medium. Aluminium was then determined at pH 5.3 with xylenol orange in presence of tartàric acid in aqueous medium by measuring the extinction at 530 nm. The deleterious effect of traces of titanium left unextracted in the aqueous medium has been taken care of and removed by masking with H2O2. The method obeyed Beer's Law up to 2 μg Al2O3/ml and yielded satisfactory results in its application to different titania samples.

Synergic extraction and spectrophotometric determination of titanium(IV)

A method has been developed for the synergic extraction and spectrophotometric determination of Ti(IV) with N-hydroxy- NN′-diphenylbenzamidine and thiocyanate. The yellow ternary complex, extracted into chloroform from dilute sulphuric acid medium (pH = 1.5±0.1), has maximum absorbance at 390 nm (molar absorptivity 1.3 × 1O 4 1.mole −1. cm −1). The method is free from interference from a large number of foreign ions and is recommended for the determination of titanium in steel.

Solvent extraction of titanium(IV), zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV) salicylates using liquid ion exchangers

A solvent extraction method is proposed for the extraction of quadrivalent titanium, zirconium and hafnium from salicylate media using liquid ion exchangers such as Aliquat 336 and trioctylamine dissolved in xylene. The optimum conditions were evaluated from a critical study of the following: pH, salicylate concentration, amine concentration, diluent and period of equilibration. The method allows the separation of titanium, zirconium and hafnium from binary mixtures containing commonly associated metal ions and is applicable to the analysis of real samples such as BCS-CRM 387 nimonic 901, BCS-CRM 243/4 ferro-titanium, BCS-CRM 307 magnesium alloy and BCS-CRM 388 zircon. Titanium is determined either with hydrogen peroxide or by atomic absorption spectrometry whereas zirconium and hafnium are determined spectrophotometrically with Alizarin Red S and Xylenol Orange, respectively. The results of both separation and analysis are reported. The method is precise, accurate and fast.

Extraction of Titanium(IV) from Acidic Thiocynate Solution by Tri-isoamyl Phosphate

Extraction of Titanium(IV) from Acidic Thiocynate Solution by Tri-isoamyl Phosphate

Extraction of Titanium(IV) from Acidic Thiocynate Solution by Tri-isoamyl Phosphate

Extraction of Titanium(IV) from Acidic Thiocynate Solution by Tri-isoamyl Phosphate

Extraction and spectrophotometric determination of titanium(IV) with alizarin and fluoride

The characteristics of the mixed-ligand titanium(IV)-fluoride-alizarin complex, including the optimum conditions of formation and extraction into methyl isobutyl ketone, are described. A simple and sensitive procedure for spectrophotometric determination of titanium has been developed. At pH 9.5–10.3 titanium reacts with alizarin in the presence of fluoride to form a red-violet complex that is completely extractable into methyl isobutyl ketone, and has its absorption maximum at 513 nm. The molar absorptivity at 513 nm is 7.0 × 10 4l.mole −1.cm −1. Beer's law is obeyed up to 22 μg of titanium in 30 ml of solution. The method has been used for the determination of titanium in an oxide mixture and aluminium alloy samples.

Extraction and spectrophotometric determination of titanium(IV) with malachite green and p-chloromandelic acid, with application to mild steels

A very sensitive, selective and simple method for extraction and spectrophotometric determination of titanium(IV) with an α-hydroxy acid has been developed. p-Chloromandelic acid reacts with titanium in weakly acidic aqueous solution at room temperature to form a complex anion extractable into chlorobenzene with Malachite Green as counter-ion. Titanium is determined indirectly by measuring the absorbance of Malachite Green in the extract at 630 nm. The calibration graph is linear for titanium(IV) over the range 0.25–7.5μ M (0.05–1.44 μg); the apparent molar absorptivity is 1.31 × 10 5 l.mole −1.cm −1. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of titanium in mild steels.

Extraction and spectrophotometric determination of titanium(iv) with 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone

Titanium(IV) in sulphuric, perchloric and hydrochloric acid media reacts with 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone (HY) to give a complex which is extractable into chloroform. The composition of the extractable complex depends on the acidity of the aqueous phase and on which mineral acid is used. The mixed titanium-perchlorate-HY complex which is formed in the presence of excess of perchlorate is the most suitable for the spectrophotometric determination of titanium. The molar absorptivity of the complex is 1.6×1041·mole−1·cm−1 at 355 nm. The optimum titanium concentration range is 0.5–6,μg/ml. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of titanium in samples of bauxite and alumina refractory.

Solvent extraction and spectrophotometric determination of titanium(IV) with 3-phenyl-3-methyl-2-mercaptopropenoic acid

The distribution equilibria of 3-phenyl-3-methyl-2-mercaptopropenoic acid (PhMMP) and the titanium(IV)-PhMMP complex have been studied. An extraction-photometric method for the determination of microamounts of titanium has been developed. We have investigated the influence of pH, the reagent, and the presence of electrolytes and masking agents in the aqueous phase on the equilibrium. From the slope analysis of the distribution curves the composition of the extracted species has been found to be Ti(OH) 2(HR) 2. The complex is extracted quantitatively. Beer's Law is followed over the range 0.09–3.74 μg ml −1 of titanium(IV), the molar absorptivity is 1.65 × 10 4 liters mol −1 cm −1, and the Sandell sensitivity is 2.8 ng cm −2 at 439 nm. This method has been applied to the determination of titanium in a bauxite.

Extraction and Spectrophotometric Determination of Ti(IV) Using 2‐Pyrilideniminobenzohydroxamic Acid As Chelating Agent

AbstractThe reaction of Ti(IV) with 2‐pyrilideniminobenzohydroxamic acid (2‐PIBHA) was studied in aqueous medium and by using an extraction in isoamyl alcohol. The stoichiometries of the complexes formed are 1:1 and 1:3 (Ti(IV):reagent) in both cases.The extraction and spectrophotometric determination of titanium with 2‐PIBHA can be performed in a concentration range from 0.1 to 1.4 μg/ml of Ti(IV). The apparent molar absorptivity in isoamyl alcohol is 39600 1.mol−1.cm−1 at 375 nm. The relative error of the method is ± 0.64% for 25 μg of Ti(IV) in the aqueous phase (50 ml) and the extraction constant is 1.45×1013.

Extraction and spectrophotometric determination of titanium(IV)

An extraction-spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of titanium(IV), based on the formation of a Ti-N-4-chlorophenyl-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamohydroxamic acid (Ti-PTCHA) chelate that is extractable into chloroform from strongly acidic media, is described. The complex exhibits maximum absorbance at 380 nm with a molar absorptivity of 1.7 × 104 l mol–1 cm–1. A comparison of the sensitivity of several synthesised hydroxamic acids with an extraction-photometric determination of titanium(IV) has been made. Various parameters for optimising the extraction conditions including the effect of thiocyanate are discussed.

Spectrophotometric determination of titanium (IV) with chlorpromazine hydrochloride

Spectrophotometric Determination of Titanium(IV) with Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride The extraction of titanium(IV)-thiocyanate complex from hydrochloric acid with chlorpromazine (CPA) dissolved in chloroform has been studied. The composition of the extracted species was found to be (CPAH +) 2[Ti(CNS) 6 2−]. This complex, dissolved in chloroform, has maximum absorbance at 417 nm and a molar absorptivity of 2.6 × 10 4 mol −1 · cm −1 · liter. Titanium(IV) was determined spectrophotometrically in the organic phase. Beer's law is obeyed in the titanium concentration range 0.2-2.2 μg/ml.

Advances in Titanium Extraction Metallurgy

Titanium is an attractive metal for use in both aerospace and commercial applications. However, because of the high cost of extraction and processing, titanium use has been less than anticipated. The present paper addresses the question of reducing the cost of titanium production either by replacing the present Hunter or Kroll extraction processes by a more cost-effective method, or in a quantum leap by going directly from the ore, or beneficiated ore, to a prealloyed powder suitable for use in demanding applications.

Manufacture of Pure Titanium(IV) Oxide by the Chloride Process. II. Selective Extraction of Titanium(IV) and Iron(III) from Hydrochloric Acid Leach Liquor of Ilmenite Ore by Tributyl Phosphate

Abstract The selective recoveries of titanium(IV) and iron(III) from the synthetic hydrochloric acid leach liquor of ilmenite, i.e., 1.8–11 M (1 M=1 mol dm−3) hydrochloric acid solutions containing 0.25–0.57 M titanium(IV) and 0.27–0.29 M iron(III), or each single metal ion, were investigated by solvent extraction with benzene solutions of various tributyl phosphate (TBP) concentrations under the volume ratio (Org/Aq) of unit at 25 °C. Iron(III) was extracted into the TBP phase over a wide concentration range of hydrochloric acid studied, and the extraction was considerably accelerated by the salting-out effect of the coexisting titanium(IV). Since no extraction of titanium(IV) was observed at hydrochloric acid concentrations lower than 6 M, iron(III) could be recovered selectively from 3–6 M hydrochloric acid solutions under the conditions of the molar ratio [TBP]org/[Fe(III)]init aq≤3.0. On the other hand, titanium(IV) in the residual aqueous phase was also extracted as TiCl4·3TBP at a concentration range of chloride ion higher than 7 M. The coextractions of other metal ions and free hydrochloric acid could be prevented by controlling the TBP concentration in the organic phase as [TBP]org/[Ti(IV)]init aq≤3.5. The problem in applying the solvent extraction technique to actual leach liquor is discussed, as well as the recovery of free hydrochloric acid from the residual leach liquor.

Extraction and spectrophotometric determination of titanium(IV) with N-phenyllaurohydroxamic acid and phenylflurone

N-Phenyllaurohydroxamic acid reacts with titanium(IV) in 9–10 M hydrochloric acid to give a complex that is completely extractable into solvents such as hexane and chloroform. The chloroform extract of the titanium complex, on second extraction from a dilute hydrochloric acid medium (0.1–0.5 M), in the presence of phenylfluorone and isoamyl alcohol, forms an intensely coloured complex possessing an absorption maximum at 540 nm. Even though the molar absorptivity of the complex under optimum conditions at 540 nm is 2.33 × 105 l mol–1 cm–1, the measurements are more precise at 560 nm with a molar absorptivity of 1.23 × 105 l mol–1 cm–1. The system obeys Beer's law for up to 0.4 p.p.m. of titanium (IV). Considerable amounts of many cations and anions including a 350-fold molar excess of iron(III) can be tolerated. Interference from zirconium(IV) can be mitigated or even eliminated by the addition of fluoride ions. The method can be applied to the determination of titanium present at 10 parts per 109.

Extraction and spectrophotometric determination of titanium(IV) with N-pivaloyl-p-Cl-phenylhydroxylamine in chloroform

Extraction and spectrophotometric determination of titanium(IV) with N-pivaloyl-p-Cl-phenylhydroxylamine in chloroform