Tissues Of Wistar Rats Research Articles

Application of lactoferrin for the prevention and restoration of bone tissue in Wistar rats under conditions of hindlimb unloading

The influence of gravitational unloading (antiorthostatic suspension) and subsequent recovery on the mineral density and mechanical properties of the femoral and tibial bones of Wistar rats was studied with oral administration of a biotechnological analog of human lactoferrin (200 mg/kg) derived from the milk of producer goats. Bone mineral density was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and strength and stiffness were assessed through three-point bending tests. It was shown that gravitational unloading for 21 days led to a decrease in the mineral density of the tibial and femoral bones. The administration of lactoferrin did not significantly affect the mineral density or projected area of the studied bones. No statistically significant differences in mechanical stiffness were found between the experimental groups, but after readaptation, the ultimate strength was significantly higher in the groups that received lactoferrin. Thus, the obtained results may indicate the potential of lactoferrin preparations as prophylactic agents for maintaining bone strength. At the same time, maintaining bone mineral density under deficit-stimulating conditions requires consideration of alternative dosages and delivery methods of the drug.

Impact of Energy Drinks on kidney Tissue and Oxidative Stress in Female Wistar Rats and Their Neonates

Impact of Energy Drinks on kidney Tissue and Oxidative Stress in Female Wistar Rats and Their Neonates

Prenatal stress induces sex- and tissue-specific alterations in insulin pathway of Wistar rats offspring.

Prenatal stress may lead to tissue and sex-specific cardiometabolic disorders in the offspring through imbalances in the insulin signaling pathway. Therefore, we aimed to determine the sex-specific adaptations of prenatal stress on the insulin signaling pathway of cardiac and hepatic tissue of adult offspring Wistar rats. Wistar pregnant rats were divided into control and stress groups. Unpredictable stress protocol was performed from the 14th to the 21st day of pregnancy. After lactation, the dams were euthanized and blood was collected for corticosterone measurement and the offspring were separated into four groups according to sex and intervention (n=8/group). At 90 days old, the offspring were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an insulin tolerance test (ITT). After euthanasia blood collection was used for biochemical analysis and the left ventricle and liver were used for protein expression and histological analysis. Stress increased maternal corticosterone levels, and in the offspring, decreased glucose concentration in both OGTT and ITT, reduced insulin receptor (Irβ) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) activation and reduced insulin receptor inhibition (PTP1B) in the liver of male offspring at 90 days old, without repercussions in cardiac tissue. Moreover, female offspring submitted to prenatal stress exhibited reduced fatty acid uptake, with lower hepatic CD36 expression, reduced high density lipoprotein (cHDL) and increased Castelli risk indexes I and II. Unpredictable prenatal stress evoked reduced insulin sensitivity and liver-specific impairment in insulin signaling activation in male while increasing markers of cardiovascular risk in females.

Biochemical, toxicological, and histological changes of energy drinks on brain and pancreatic tissues in pregnant Wistar rats

Biochemical, toxicological, and histological changes of energy drinks on brain and pancreatic tissues in pregnant Wistar rats

Influence of kaempferol against garri meal tainted with vacuum gas oil induced nephro- and neurotoxicity

The present study investigated the defensive effect of kaempferol in the tissues of Wistar rats fed with vacuum gas oil polluted garri diet. The rats (30) were grouped into six (n = 5): Group 1: Control: Fried garri normal diet (FGND). Group 2 and 3 were given FGND and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg b. wt of kaempferol. Group 4: Fried garri diet with vacuum gas oil (FGD-VGO) only. Group 5 and 6 were given FGD-VGO then treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg b. wt. of kaempferol. The rats were euthanized using carbon dioxide after experimental period of 28 days. The tissues (kidney and brain) were excised for biochemical assays. The results indicated a significant decrease in antioxidant markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-s-transferase, GST), Na+/K+-ATPase, percentage of fragmented deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and increase malondialdehyde (MDA) in the tissues of rats in group 4 compared to the other groups. However, treatment with kaempferol significantly decreased MDA level and increased antioxidant markers in the tissues of rats fed FGD-VGO. In conclusion, the data obtained may point out to kaempferol playing a crucial role as an antioxidant against garri meal tainted with vacuum gas oil in Wistar rats.

Impact of Energy Drinks on Hepatic and Renal Tissues in Pregnant Wistar Rats

Impact of Energy Drinks on Hepatic and Renal Tissues in Pregnant Wistar Rats

Swimming in cold water increases the browning process by diminishing the Myostatin pathway

BackgroundBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic tissue that uncouples oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis and increases energy expenditure via non-shivering thermogenesis in mammals. Cold exposure and exercise have been shown to increase BAT and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in mice. This study aimed to determine whether there is an additive effect of exercise during cold exposure on markers related to browning of adipose tissue. in Wistar rats.MethodsTwenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control (C, 25˚C), Swimming in Neutral (SN, 30˚C) water, and Swimming in Cold (SC, 15˚C) water. Swimming included intervals of 2–3 min, 1 min rest, until exhausted, three days a week for six weeks, with a training load of 3–6% body weight. After the experimental protocol, interscapular BAT and inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) were excised, weighed, and processed for beiging marker gene expression.ResultsSN and SC resulted in lower body weight gain, associated with reduced WAT and BAT volume and increased BAT number with greater effects observed in SC. Myostatin protein expression was lower in BAT, WAT, soleus muscle, and serum NC and SC compared to the C group. Expression of the interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF4) gene in both BAT and WAT tissues was significantly greater in the SC than in the C. Expression of the PGC-1α in BAT was significantly increased in the SC compared to C and increased in WAT in NC and SC. Expression of the UCP1 in BAT and WAT increased in the SC group compared to other groups.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that six weeks of swimming training in cold water promotes additive effects of the expression of genes and proteins involved in the browning process of adipose tissue in Wistar rats. Myostatin inhibition may possess a regulator effect on the PGC-1α – UCP1 pathway that mediates adipose tissue browning.

Kaempferia galanga L. alleviates the expression of COX-2 and NF-kappaB-p65 in the oral mucosa ulcer of Wistar rats and exhibits no irritation toward the vascular membrane of chicken eggs and the skin of albino rabbits

The global incidence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in 2018 reached 5–66 % of the population, while in Indonesia 8 %. Moreover, the prevalence of oral mucosal fibrosis and recurrent aphthous stomatitis among male doctors and nurses in China was 21.24 % and 24.27 %, respectively. Our previous study has shown that the ethanol extract of Kaempferia galanga L. rhizome (EKGR) revealed an accelerated wound-healing effect in the oral mucosa ulcer of Wistar rats. This study aims to explore the effects of EKGR on the expression of NF-kappaB-p65 and COX-2 in the tongue tissue of male Wistar rats by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry technique, its safety towards the vascular membrane of the egg chorioallantoic membrane, and its single-dose application on the skin of male rabbits. The rats were randomly assigned into 7 groups: the normal control; the negative control; the positive control (treated with triamcinolone acetonide); and 4 treatment groups of EKGR (0.5 %; 1 %; 2 %; 4 %). Western blot and immunohistochemistry methods were used to measure the expression of NF-kappaB-p65 and COX-2. The hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane assay was employed to predict the safety of EKGR towards the vascular membrane. Moreover, the effect of 200 mg/kg BW EKGR application on the dorsal skin of male albino rabbits was also evaluated. EKGR inhibits the expression of NF-kappaB-p65 and COX-2 as proven by WB and IHC results. In the HET-CAM assay, all concentrations of EKGR do not induce irritation responses, which elicits the safety of EKGR. The administration of EKGR causes mild irritation to the dorsal skin of male rabbits but does not induce erythema and edema, no significant changes in BW, no toxic effects on organ macroscopic examination or histopathology, and does not induce abnormalities in the hematological profile of male albino rabbits. EKGR has confirmed its anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the expression of COX-2 and NF-kappaB-p65 in the oral mucosa ulcer of Wistar rats. EKGR is safe as it does not exhibit irritating potential and harmful effects.

Amelioration of Cadmium-Induced Biochemical Alterations in Heart Tissues of Wistar Rats Using Bee Honey

Amelioration of Cadmium-Induced Biochemical Alterations in Heart Tissues of Wistar Rats Using Bee Honey

Epididymal mRNA expression profiles for the protein disulfide isomerase gene family: Modulation by development and androgens.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the central hub for protein quality control, where the protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), encoded by at least 21 genes, play a pivotal role. These multifunctional proteins contribute to disulfide bond formation, proper folding, and protein modifications, and may act as hormone-binding proteins (e.g., steroids), influencing hormone biology. The interplay between ER proteostasis, PDIs, and epididymis-a crucial site for sperm maturation-remains largely understudied. This study characterizes transcriptional signatures of Pdi genes in the epididymis. Transcriptional profiles of selected Pdi genes were assessed in adult Wistar rat tissues, and epididymis under different experimental conditions (developmental stages, surgical castration, and efferent ductules ligation [EDL]). In silico bioinformatic analyses identified expression trends of this gene family in human epididymal segments. P4hb, Pdia3, Pdia5, Pdia6, Erp44, Erp29, and Casq1 transcripts were detected in both reproductive and non-reproductive tissues, while Casq2 exhibited higher abundance in vas deferens, prostate, and heart. Pdilt, highly expressed in testis, and Pdia2, highly expressed in heart, showed minimal mRNA levels in the epididymis. In the mesonephric duct, epididymal embryonic precursor, P4hb, Pdia3, Pdia5, Pdia6, and Erp29 mRNAs were found at gestational day (GD) 17.5. Except for Erp29, which remained stable, these Pdi transcript levels increased from GD17.5 to GD20.5, when epididymal morphogenesis occurs, and were maintained to varying degrees in the epididymis during postnatal development. Surgical castration downregulated P4hb, Pdia3, Pdia5, Pdia6, Pdilt and Erp29 transcripts, an effect reversed by testosterone replacement. Conversely, transcript levels remained unaffected by EDL, except P4hb, which was reduced in caput epididymis. All 21 PDI genes exhibited diverse transcriptional profiles across the human epididymis. The findings lay the foundations to explore Pdi genes in epididymal biology. As a considerable proportion of male infertility cases are idiopathic, targeting hormonal regulation of protein quality control in epididymis represents a route to address male infertility and advance therapeutic interventions in this domain.

Effects of Diet-Induced Obesity and Programs for Body Weight Reduction on the Histostructure of the Triceps Surae Muscle in Male Rats.

We studied the effects of visceral obesity induced by a high-calorie diet and health-improving variants of its correction on morphological characteristics of the muscle tissue in male Wistar rats. At stage I, the rats received standard (StD) or high-calorie diet (HCD) for 8 weeks. At stage II, the animals were divided into the following subgroups: no correction (StD and HCD), switching from HCD to StD (HCD/StD) and/or connection of physical activity in the form of treadmill running (StD+running, HCD+running, and HCD/StD+running) for the next 8 weeks. Diet-induced visceral obesity was shown to result in a decrease in the weight of the triceps surae muscle, fatty infiltration, intracellular edema, partial lysis of contractile elements, weak inflammatory response, and decreased muscle fiber area on cross section. Treadmill running (HCD+running) exacerbates the morphological changes, but returns muscle fiber area to normal. Correction of visceral obesity and relative normalization of muscle tissue structure was noted when switching to a standard diet (HCD/StD and HCD/StD+running).

Long-term Effects of Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoplastics on Heart Tissue in Male Wistar Rats

Long-term Effects of Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoplastics on Heart Tissue in Male Wistar Rats

Chronic effects of training and subsequent physical detraining on histology and morphometry of adipose tissue in adult Wistar rats

Chronic effects of training and subsequent physical detraining on histology and morphometry of adipose tissue in adult Wistar rats

Investigating the pathological changes and activity of antioxidant enzymes in testicular tissue of male Wistar rats exposed to welding fumes

Investigating the pathological changes and activity of antioxidant enzymes in testicular tissue of male Wistar rats exposed to welding fumes

The Effect of Endurance Training with Garlic and Stevia Supplementation on AgRP and α-MSH in Brain Tissue of Obese Wistar Rats

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of endurance training with garlic and stevia supplementation on AgRP and α-MSH in the brain tissue of obese Wistar rats. Methods: 36 obese male Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet (24 g fat, 24 g protein, and 41 g carbohydrate/100 g) were divided into six groups, including: 1) sham; 2) stevia supplementation; 3) garlic supplementation; 4) endurance training; 5) stevia supplementation plus endurance training, and 6) garlic supplementation plus endurance training. Moreover, 6 rats were included in the healthy control group to investigate the effects of obesity on the research variable. Training groups performed incremental endurance training for 15-50 minutes at a speed of 15-25 m/min, for eight weeks. Garlic and stevia supplements were added to the diet of the supplementation groups at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Results: Levels of AgRP in stevia supplementation group were significantly higher than endurance training (P=0.019) and endurance training plus stevia supplementation (P=0.018) groups. Levels of α-MSH in the garlic supplementation (P=0.001), endurance training (P=0.002), stevia supplementation plus endurance training (P=0.001), and garlic supplementation plus endurance training (P=0.001) groups were significantly higher than the sham group. In addition, in the endurance training plus stevia supplementation group, the levels were significantly higher than the stevia supplementation group (P=0.002). Conclusion: Endurance training plus garlic supplementation as well as endurance training plus stevia supplementation seem to play a synergistic role in appetite control protein; however, more studies on AgRP changes, following training and garlic and stevia supplementation are needed.

Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant System in Male Wistar Rats

This research aimed to examine the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on oxidative stress and antioxidant systems in the serum, aorta, and cardiac tissues of male Wistar rats. The increased attention to sodium fluoride and its detrimental effects on human health in recent years has led to concerns. Excessive ingestion and accumulation of sodium fluoride from water, toothpaste, and pesticides could initiate oxidative stress in the blood, aorta, and heart. This heightened oxidative stress and disturbance in the antioxidant system pose a significant risk and may predispose the body to severe vascular and cardiovascular-related diseases, which are leading causes of global mortality. In this study, ten male Wistar rats weighing 150-180g were grouped into two (n=5). Group I Control received distilled water, and Group 2 received 10mg/kg NaF orally for 21 days. Markers of oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured in the serum, aorta, and heart. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of student t-test at α0.05. The data were presented as mean ± SEM. The oral administration of sodium fluoride resulted in an elevation of MDA levels in the serum, aorta, and heart of the rats exposed to NaF. Additionally, the oral administration of sodium fluoride led to a reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in the serum, aorta, and heart of rats exposed to NaF. Furthermore, the oral administration of sodium fluoride resulted in a decrease in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the serum, aorta, and heart of rats exposed to sodium fluoride. This study demonstrated that sodium fluoride exposure diminishes the antioxidant capacity in the serum, aorta, and heart, indicating that sodium fluoride exposure induces oxidative stress, potentially affecting the functions of the aorta and heart. Therefore, the continuous exposure to fluoride in populations residing in regions with endemic fluorosis worldwide should be a topic of considerable concern. This research work was self-funded. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Diet-Induced Early Inflammatory Response of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Healthy Male Wistar Rats.

The prolonged consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) leads to abnormal growth of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), increased macrophage infiltration, and altered secretion of biologically active molecules. This is considered as a precondition for the development of obesity, inflammation, and obesity-related disorders. Therefore, we studied HFD-induced changes in the tissue levels of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, serum amyloid-A, and interleukin-4 in healthy male Wistar rats. The animals were first divided at random into two groups subjected to either a standard or a high-fat diet. The initial effect of the diet was evaluated after fourteen weeks. In order to study the diet duration effect, the standard diet was given to twelve animals from the HFD group, while the remaining continued with the HFD for an additional four weeks. Our results showed that the HFD barely affected body mass index, conicity, relative fat mass, and Lee indices, whereas it provoked adipocyte hypertrophy and gradually increased the levels of both the pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. The switch from the high-fat to the standard diet resulted in the comparatively fast restoration of the baseline levels of the studied molecules. Although, the prolonged consumption of an HFD causes adipocyte hypertrophy in healthy male animals, the inflammatory process in VAT is well-coordinated, time-dependent, and reversible.

Protective effect of olive leaf (Olea europaea L.) extract against chronic exposure of liver and kidney tissues of Wistar rats to aluminum chloride

Introduction: The liver and kidney are the main sites of aluminum (Al) accumulation. Lifetime exposure to significant amounts of Al is inevitable, hence its toxicity on the liver and kidney should be a health concern. Natural antioxidants have been proven to alleviate pathologies in various liver and kidney injuries. However, the effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) on Al-exposed animals is yet to be confirmed. This study aimed to investigate the OLE effect against AlCl3 chronic exposure in rats’ liver and kidneys. Methods:Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=8), including the control group, the AlCl3 group treated with 128 mg/kg AlCl3 solution, as well as AlCl3 +OLE50, and AlCl3 +OLE100 groups (Other than AlCl3 they received 50 and 100 mg/kg of OLE, respectively, 2 hours after AlCl3 administration). All treatments were given orally for 12 weeks. All groups were evaluated for liver and kidney histopathological features, then scoring was performed. Results: AlCl3 administrations produced histopathological lesions in the liver and kidney, indicated by increased liver necro-inflammatory grades, ballooning scores, and renal inflammatory cell infiltration (P<0.05). OLE100 mg/kg significantly reduced liver necroinflammatory grade, ballooning score, and kidney inflammatory cell infiltrations. The dose of 50 mg/kg also reduced these parameters (P<0.05), except for the liver necro-inflammatory grade. There was a significant correlation between OLE dose and liver necro-inflammatory grade and ballooning score amelioration. Conclusion: OLE ameliorates liver and kidney histopathological features induced by oral Al chronic exposure in a dose-dependent manner.

Evaluation of the effect of Exercise Trainings and CGRP receptor antagonist (BIBN 4096) on mitochondrial dynamic in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats

BackgroundExercise training showed beneficial effects on brain. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of six weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and Endurance training (ET) with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist on the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis in hippocampal tissue of male Wistar rats. MethodsIn this study, forty-two healthymale Wistar rats (8-week) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 7) as follow; 1) Control; 2) HIIT which performed 6 weeks of HIIT; 3) ET which performed 6 weeks of endurance training; 4) CGRPi received 10 mg/kg CGRP receptor antagonist every day at the last 2 weeks; 5) CGRPi-HIIT performed HIIT and received CGRP receptor antagonist; 6) CGRPi-ET performed ET and received CGRP receptor antagonist. Real-time PCR (2-ΔΔCT) and western blotting were employedto measure the expression of genes and protein, respectively. ResultsHIIT and ET significantly increased Bcl-2, Pgc-1α, Sirt3, and Nrf-1 gene expression in the hippocampal tissue (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively). ET-CGRPi and HIIT-CGRPi significantly increased Sirt3, Pgc-1α, and Nrf-1 gene expression compared to the control group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively). ConclusionET and HIIT-induced physiological alterations in the hippocampus. In fact, this modulation showed protective properties in the hippocampusvia up regulation of Bcl-2, Pgc-1α, Nrf-1, and Sirt3 gene expression. CGRPi did not cause gene or protein changes harmful to mitochondrial dynamic balance and apoptosis in the hippocampus of rats.

Effects of high-calorie diet-induced visceral obesity on reproductive hormones and muscle tissues in male and female Wistar rats

Overweight and obesity are associated with alterations in the reproductive system, which affect the anabolic supply to peripheral muscle tissues. The study aimed to investigate the effects of a high-calorie diet (HCD) on the development of obesity, reproductive hormone levels, and morphofunctional characteristics of muscle tissues in Wistar rats (i.e., 54 sexually mature male and female Wistar rats) for 16 weeks. Male rats fed with an HCD displayed (i) visceral obesity and hypogonadism, (ii) a decrease in the mass of the musculus triceps surae, (iii) increased levels of total protein, cholesterol, glucose, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and (iv) stable concentrations of estradiol and testosterone in the muscle tissues. In contrast, female rats fed with HCD displayed (i) visceral obesity, (ii) alterations in reproductive hormones toward hyperandrogenism, (iii) decreased metabolism in the muscle tissues, and (iv) increased levels of estradiol and MDA (without SOD activation). The cross-sectional area of the muscle fiber was significantly reduced by 20% in male and 44% in female rats on HCD. In addition, the total muscle edema was reportedly increased by twofold in both male and female rats. In summation, obese male and female rats developed an imbalance of reproductive hormones and alterations in muscle tissue metabolism.