Tissue Magnesium Research Articles

An Insight in to Cadaveric Ectopic Calcification: A Case Report

Abstract: Pathological Calcification is an anomalous accumulation of calcium salts along with minimal quantities of iron, magnesium and other minerals in bodily tissues except teeth and bone causing hardening of the affected tissues. The location of the calcification and the presence or absence of mineral balance can be used to categorize it. The atypical mineral deposition processes in biological systems can sometimes be referred to as pathological calcification. During the routine dissection in National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur it was observed that numerous pathological calcifications were present both on osseous and extra osseous sites which were different from the normal human anatomy. The subject was a 90-year-old male of North Indian origin. Case examples illustrate different types and locations of calcification, shedding light on the anatomical distribution and potential clinical relevance.

Effects of Pinealectomy and Melatonin Supplementation on Elements Metabolism in Rat Testicular Tissue

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how pinealectomy and melatonin application affect elements metabolism in rat testicular tissue. Methods: The study was carried out on 32 adult male Spraque-Dawley rats. Animals were divided into 4 equal groups. Group 1: Control, Group 2: Melatonin, Group 3: Pinealectomy, Group 4: Pinealectomy+Melatonin. Group 2 and 4 animals received daily 3mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip) melatonin supplementation for 4 weeks. The pineal glands of Group 3 and 4 animals were removed under general anesthesia. At the end of the applications, testicular tissue samples were taken from the animals sacrificed under general anesthesia. Elemental determinations (µg/gram/tissue) were performed in testicular tissue samples using the atomic emission method. Results: The highest cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, manganese, phosphorus, and sodium levels (p<0.001) and the lowest potassium levels in the testicular tissue were obtained in the pinealectomy group (group 3) (p<0.001). Magnesium and selenium values in testicular tissue were highest in the pinealectomy group (group 3) (p<0.001), and were higher in the pinealectomy+melatonin group (group 4) than ingroup 1 (control) and group 2 (melatonin) (p<0.001). Testicular zinc levels were highest in group 2, where melatonin was administered, and lowest in group 3, which was the pinealectomy group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings obtained as a result of the study show that pinealectomy significantly disrupts element metabolism in the testicular tissue of rats, and melatonin supplementation may have a regulatory effect on testicular elemental metabolism.

Reduction in Placental Metal and Metalloid in Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study.

Preeclampsia is a primary placental disorder, with impaired placental vascularization leading to uteroplacental hypoperfusion. We aimed to investigate differences in metal and metalloid content between the placentas of women with preeclampsia and healthy controls. This was a case-control study in 63 women with preeclampsia and 113 healthy women. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure the placental metals and metalloids content. Compared with healthy control subjects, preeclampsia was associated with a significantly lower concentration of essential elements (magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, and selenium) in the placental tissue. After multivariable adjustment, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in selenium concentration was associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia with an OR of 0.50 (95% CI: 0.33-0.77). The joint effects of multiple selected metals and metalloids were associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia. The lower placental magnesium, chromium, iron, zinc, and selenium concentrations of preeclampsia cases indicate a potential link to its pathogenesis. It also provides an intriguing avenue for future research in revealing the underlying mechanisms and potential intervention strategies for preeclampsia.

Correction to: Nd: YAG laser irradiation consequences on calcium and magnesium in human dental tissues

Correction to: Nd: YAG laser irradiation consequences on calcium and magnesium in human dental tissues

The effects of dietary cadmium on growth, antioxidant defence system and feed evaluation performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary cadmium exposure on growth performance, changes in manganese, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, iron, selenium, and cadmium metals in liver and muscle tissue, liver antioxidant enzymes, and the histology of the fish. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with weights of 39.45 ±1.13 g was used in the experiment conducted in 2 groups and three replicates. The Control group was fed a cadmium-free diet, and the Cadmium group was fed a diet containing 5.03 µg/kg of cadmium twice a day until satiation. It was determined that cadmium intake through the diet affected growth rate and the feed evaluation performance negatively. In fish exposed to cadmium, manganese, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, iron, selenium, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase values in both muscle and liver tissues were significantly (p<0.05) decreased, whereas cadmium levels in muscle and liver and malondialdehyde levels in liver were significantly (p<0.05) increased. The histopathological examination of the liver revealed that cadmium caused liver damage. These results showed that rainbow trout exposed to dietary cadmium were highly sensitive to the metal, and the decreased levels of metals such as copper, zinc, manganese, and selenium in the liver tissue, which are involved in the antioxidant defence system, can be considered an indicator of the weakening of the antioxidant defence system.

Estimation of fig (Ficus carica L.) yield in fertigation using linear regression

Objective: To estimate the fig (Ficus carica L.) yield in fertigation, through the use of linear regression, under the conditions of the Mixteca region of Puebla. Design/Methodology/Approach: The plants were established in 10-L black polyethylene bags, using pine sawdust as a substrate. The treatments consisted of 6 variations of the following nutrient solution: 1.52 mg L-1 of potassium nitrate, 0.08 mL L-1 of phosphoric acid, and 0.38 mg L-1 of magnesium sulfate. Plant height, number of fruits per plant, and growth speed (cm day-1) were determined. A completely randomized experimental design was used and the levels of nutrient solution and orthogonal contrasts were subjected to a linear regression analysis, through the SAS® On Demand for Academics statistical package. Results: The linear model describes the behavior of the data with an alpha of 0.01. A 60% nutrient solution level has a greater effect on growth and generates highly significant differences in both the plant height increase rate and plant height variables. Study Limitations/Implications: This study includes only preliminary results; therefore, a longer period is necessary for data collection. Additionally, the following variables must also be included: yield and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium in plant tissue. Findings/Conclusions: Plant growth (height) can be estimated through the application of a linear model. An increasing linear behavior was observed in height with respect to the levels determined 50 days after the experiment was established. There are highly significant differences between the 60% dose and the rest of the treatments.

Metabolic Syndrome in Aging Men as a Factor Affecting the Relationship between Mg, Ca, and P in Serum and Bone.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and selected hormonal disorders and concentrations of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) in both blood serum and bone tissue. This study involved 152 men with and without MetS. In the blood of the patients we examined, we determined levels of: testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), insulin (I), osteocalcin (OC), and concentrations of markers of bone turnover. The concentration of Mg, Ca, and P was determined in the serum and bone tissue. In patients with MetS, the serum Ca concentration correlated with procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Among patients without MetS, the serum Ca concentration correlated with SHBG and OC, while Ca concentration in bone correlated with the lipid accumulation product (LAP) index and the body mass index (BMI). After analyzing the serum Mg concentration, positive correlations were observed with E2, PINP, and PTH in patients with MetS. In patients without MetS, the Mg concentration in bone positively correlated with the BMI and the LAP index. Our study findings suggest that increased Mg levels could have an impact on bone tissue metabolism. Elevated serum Mg levels may be associated with changes in sex hormone concentrations and alterations in bone turnover markers.

Amounts of tissue magnesium and some trace elements in cats with mammary tumors related to various clinicopathological parameters

BackgroundMammary tumors are one of the major malignancies seen in cats. Researchers have indicated the similarity between the epidemiological and clinicopathological patterns of feline mammary tumors and human breast cancer (HBC). In recent years, the investigation of trace elements in cancer tissues becomes prevalent in HBC due to the role of these elements in biochemical and physiological processes. This study, it is aimed to evaluate some trace elements in feline mammary tumors according to clinical and pathological findings. MethodsA total of 60 tumoral masses from 16 female cats with mammary tumors were included in the study. The study groups were formed according to histopathology as malignant epithelial tumor (MET; n = 39) and hyperplasia and dysplasia (H&D; n = 21). Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn) trace elements in mammary tissues were analyzed by using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer. ResultsThe mean age and weight of the cats were 11.75 ± 0.75 years and 3.35 ± 0.21 kg; respectively. Eleven of 16 cats were intact whereas the rest of them had been spayed. Metastases were observed in 10 cats. Tissue Mg level in group MET was significantly higher than in group H&D (P < 0.01) while the other elements had not significant differences between the groups. In group MET, analyzed elements were not statistically significant related to the inflammation, ulceration and invasion to the peripheral muscle (P > 0.05). However, tissue Fe level was significantly higher in T2 than in T3 (P < 0.05). The mean levels of tissue Fe, Mg and Mn had significant differences related to histological grading as P < 0.01, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001; respectively. A mild to severe correlation was found between tissue Zn and Se, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Mn levels. ConclusionTissue Mg and some trace elements were evaluated in feline mammary tumours in regard to various clinicopathological parameters. Tissue Mg level was sufficient to differentiate the malignant epithelial tumors from hyperplasia and dysplasia. However, Mn and Se tended to distinguish different tumor types. Tissue Fe, Mg and Mn had significant differences related to histological grading. Also, the Fe level was significantly higher in T2 than in T3 and Zn level tended to be higher in T3 than in T1. It was concluded that Mg, Se, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn provided useful information on the pathogenesis of feline mammary tumors. Further research is needed on the tissue and serum concentrations of trace elements which may provide valuable information for the disease prognosis.

Feasibility of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to elucidate elemental changes in human tooth ankylosis

Tooth ankylosis is a pathological condition associated with the loss of physiological tooth mobility when the firm fusion between the alveolar bone and the tooth root occurs. Causes of dental ankylosis are uncertain, so the analysis of elemental distribution in ankylotic and surrounding tissues could provide additional information about its initiation and progression. Here, we used Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to determine differences in the mineral composition among ankylotic tissue, bone, and dental tissue taking advantage of its high throughput and multi-elemental capability. Elemental imaging was performed with a spatial resolution of 30 μm to evaluate the distribution of carbon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and strontium in human tooth. To further verify the difference in the mineral composition of ankylotic tissue, the semi-quantitative content of these elements was compared within the region of interest. We revealed a significant increase in calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus contents in the ankylotic tissues. However, the contents of magnesium and phosphorus were not significantly changed. This finding suggests a mineral disbalance only of just certain elements in the tooth-bone interface area during the spread of ankylosis associated with an intense calcification of connective tissue. This paper brings a feasibility study and shows the way of LIBS data interpretation. We propose that the LIBS analysis on a micro-scale can contribute to the understanding of ankylotic tissue composition and can distinguish even small differences of carbon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and strontium contents on the tooth-bone boundary during the initiation of ankylosis. Therefore, it represents a new useful tool for their future, more extensive analyses.

Dietary magnesium chelate alleviates oxidative stress and improves growth in white-leg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), reared in inland saline water

Nine semi-purified diets containing either magnesium citrate (MgC) levels of 0.0, 2.24, 4.48, 6.72, 8.96 g Kg-1 or magnesium amino acid complex (MgAA) levels of 2.17, 4.35, 6.52, 8.7 g Kg-1 were fed to P. vannamei juveniles thrice daily and reared for 60 days in sub-optimum inland saline ground water (ISGW) of 10‰. Five hundred sixty-seven healthy juvenile shrimps (3.51 ± 0.03 g) were randomly stocked in triplicate into 350 L tanks at a density of 60 m-3. The weight gain (WG %) and specific growth rate were highest in the shrimps fed with 4.48 g Kg-1 MgC and 2.17 g Kg-1 MgAA. Further increase in the dietary magnesium did not show any additional growth, relatively inhibited it. The positive correlations (p < 0.01) between WG % and magnesium contents of serum, body and hepatopancreas suggests indirect involvement of tissue magnesium in growth performance. Conversely, negative correlations (p < 0.01) of WG % with superoxide dismutase and heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) in gill and hepatopancreas indicate stress-induced inhibition of growth. Higher inclusion of dietary magnesium altered sodium-potassium ATPase (NKA) mRNA expression in hepatopancreas. The minimum dietary MgC and MgAA supplementations of P. vannamei juveniles for growth improvement were determined to be 4.25 g Kg-1 and 2.38 g Kg-1 feed, respectively, which was equivalent to 2.86 g Kg-1 and 1.64 g Kg-1 feed respectively, using broken-line regression analysis based on the weight gain (%). Overall results reveal that dietary MgAA was better than MgC in alleviating ionic stress and improving growth performance and survival rate in shrimp reared in 10‰ ISGW of the sub-optimum magnesium suite.

Residual tissue magnesium concentration in jellyfish (Aurelia aurita and Cassiopea andromeda) following magnesium chloride euthanasia.

Magnesium chloride in high concentration is used for euthanasia of jellyfish to limit overpopulation and for predatory species consumption, but its use could lead to magnesium bioaccumulation and subsequent negative effects in consumers. Two species of scyphozoan jellyfish (Cassiopea andromeda and Aurelia aurita) were subjected to freezing (control), or magnesium chloride baths (144 g/L), with subsequent 30 min baths (one or two) in fresh artificial saltwater and submitted for inductively coupled plasma analysis to determine tissue concentration. Frozen jellyfish consistently yielded the lowest magnesium concentrations, while magnesium chloride euthanized individuals contained the highest concentrations in both species. C. andromeda displayed a significantly higher (p < .05) magnesium absorption capacity than A. aurita in both trials. Single and double baths significantly decreased magnesium concentrations (p < .05) in both species, however, magnesium remained consistently elevated compared to frozen specimens. This study demonstrated species-specific magnesium accumulation in jellyfish posteuthanasia and that rinsing was an effective method to limit excessive magnesium that could be deleterious to animals in public display aquaria. Magnesium concentrations of tissue and receiving water should be tested if magnesium chloride euthanasia is utilized for dietary supplementation in small bodies of water.

Dietary Magnesium Deficiency in Rats Enhances Free Radical Production in Skeletal Muscle

Recent studies suggest that free radicals may be involved in tissue injuries induced by magnesium deficiency. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of magnesium deficiency on free radical production of skeletal muscle tissue. Male Wistar rats were pair-fed from weaning for 12 d either control or Mg-deficient diets containing 960 or 40 mg magnesium/kg diet, respectively. In the Mg-deficient rats, hypomagnesemia was accompanied by significantly lower magnesium and greater calcium concentrations in skeletal muscle tissue. Electron microscopy of skeletal muscle tissue revealed ultrastructural changes, including swelling mitochondria and disorganization of the sar-coplasmic reticulum network. Using the spin-trapping technique, we showed that significantly more hydroxyl radicals were generated in muscle homogenates of Mg-deficient rats. Moreover, the amount of spin trap adducts was increased in the presence of exogenous iron in both groups. In agreement with these observations, a greater concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and a lower concentration of thiol groups were found in skeletal muscle of the Mg-deficient group compared with controls. These results strongly support the hypothesis that free radical-mediated injury could contribute to skeletal muscle lesions resulting from magnesium deficiency.

Evaluation of a Peak-Free Chemometric Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Method for Direct Rapid Cancer Detection via Trace Metal Biomarkers in Tissue

The ability to perform direct rapid analysis in air and at atmospheric pressure is a remarkable attraction of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the diagnostic quantification of disease biomarker metals in body tissue. However, accurate trace analysis is limited by matrix effects and a pronounced background that masks the subtle (peak-free) analyte signals because tissue plasma is dense and most lines are optically thick. In this work, a peak-free chemometric LIBS method based on a single-shot (for rapidity and nondestructiveness) and an artificial neural network multivariate calibration strategy with spectral feature selection was evaluated for its utility for direct trace quantitative analysis of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mg), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) in model soft body tissue. The spectral signatures corresponding to the biometals (so-called because the metals are intrinsic to tissue biochemistry) were generated by spiking their known human-body-representative concentrations in molten paraffin wax. The developed multivariate analytical model achieved ≥95% accuracy as determined from the analysis of oyster tissue-certified reference material. The analytical models were tested on the liver, breast, and abdominal tissue biopsies. The results of applying the model to the clinical tissues indicated the absence or presence (including severity) of cancer as either malignant or benign, in agreement with the pathological examination report.

Effect of Self- and Inter-Cultivar Grafting on Growth and Nutrient Content in Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.).

Vegetable grafting has been applied to fruiting crops, yet only to a limited extent in leafy greens and herbs which may also benefit from grafting. In this study, we examined the effect of reciprocal grafting two sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars of differing vigor on plant growth and leaf mineral nutrient concentration to test whether differences in growth exist due to grafting and whether such differences are due to altered plant nutrient status in two trials. Two cultivars ‘Nufar’ (NU), a high vigor cultivar, and ‘Dolce Fresca’ (DF), a cultivar developed for compact growth, were selected. Four grafted treatments (scion/rootstock) were created by self-grafting (NU/NU and DF/DF) and reciprocal inter-cultivar grafting (DF/NU and NU/DF). Un-grafted plants (ug-NU and ug-DF) served as controls. Following grafting, plants were grown for 26 or 21 days in a greenhouse. DF rootstocks decreased NU shoot dry mass (19–29%) and stem length (12%) compared to ug-NU in both trials, while dry root mass was reduced (28%) in the second trial. In contrast, NU rootstocks did not affect DF growth in the first trial but significantly decreased dry shoot (18%) and root (31%) mass, compared to ug-DF in the second. Concentration of most inorganic nutrients examined was affected by both rootstock and scion genotype. For NU scions, DF rootstocks resulted in significantly higher (5–29%) levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, copper, and zinc in leaf tissue than ug-NU. For DF scions, NU rootstocks resulted in significantly higher (7–9%) levels of potassium and phosphorus but significantly lower (11–23%) levels of magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, and zinc when compared to ug-DF. Results of this study show that inter-cultivar grafting sweet basil using a more vigorous cultivar as a rootstock did not enhance the growth of a less vigorous scion and reduced concentrations of certain nutrients. However, grafting a vigorous scion to a less vigorous rootstock reduced shoot growth but generally increased nutrient concentrations. This suggests that changes in growth in grafted basil are not due to altered nutrient status. Further research is needed to determine specific physiological processes influencing grafted basil growth.

Nd: YAG laser irradiation consequences on calcium and magnesium in human dental tissues

Nd: YAG laser irradiation consequences on calcium and magnesium in human dental tissues

The Role of Inorganics in Preeclampsia Assessed by Multiscale Multimodal Characterization of Placentae.

Preeclampsia is one of the most dangerous diseases in pregnancy. Because of the hypertensive nature of preeclampsia, placental calcifications are believed to be a predictor for its occurrence, analogous to their role in cardiovascular diseases. However, the prevalence and the relevance of calcifications for the clinical outcome with respect to preeclampsia remains controversial. In addition, the role of other inorganic components present in the placental tissue in the development of preeclampsia has rarely been investigated. In this work, we therefore characterized inorganic constituents in placental tissue in groups of both normotensive and preeclamptic patients (N = 20 each) using a multi-scale and multi-modal approach. Examinations included elemental analysis (metallomics), sonography, computed tomography (CT), histology, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Our data show that tissue contents of several heavy metals (Al, Cd, Ni, Co, Mn, Pb, and As) were elevated whereas the Rb content was decreased in preeclamptic compared to normotensive placentae. However, the median mineral content (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K) was remarkably comparable between the two groups and CT showed lower calcified volumes and fewer crystalline deposits in preeclamptic placentae. Electron microscopy investigations revealed four distinct types of calcifications, all predominantly composed of calcium, phosphorus and oxygen with variable contents of magnesium in tissues of both maternal and fetal origin in both preeclamptic and normotensive placentae. In conclusion our study suggests that heavy metals, combined with other factors, can be associated with the development of preeclampsia, however, with no obvious correlation between calcifications and preeclampsia.

DYNAMICS OF BONE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF RABBIT LOWER JAW AFTER BONE-DESTRUCTIVE TRAUMA

The properties of bone tissue, in particular its strength and hardness, depend on the mineral component of the bone. The aim of our work was to study the content of four mineral macronutrients – calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and sodium in the bone tissue of the rabbit lower jaw and to analyze the posttraumatic dynamics. Research was done on 20 adult 6-7-month-old rabbits, having 2.5-3.0 kg weight, which were segregated into experimental (15 animals) and control (5 animals) groups. Animals of the experimental group under combined anesthesia were subjected to bilateral bone-destructive trauma with a dental drill, that disrupted the integrity of the bone tissue of the alveolar part of the lower jaw. 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the injury the animals were taken out of the experiment, and were subjected to lower jaw disarticulation. To determine the mineral composition of the bone tissue, we used the method of atomic absorption spectral analysis. The content of four mineral elements (Ca, P, Mg, Na) was determined. It was found that calcium content more than doubled by the end of the fi rst week after injury, slightly decreased by the end of the second week, and slightly increased again during the third week. Bone phosphorus content increases by the end of the fi rst week after injury, and decreases during the next two weeks. The amount of sodium decreases slightly at the end of the fi rst week after injury, but increases during the next two weeks and exceeds the norm at the end of the third week. The amount of magnesium in the bone tissue decreases during the two weeks after injury, and increases by the end of the third week, almost returning to normal levels. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that within three weeks after surgical bone-destructive trauma, the studied macronutrients in bone tissue have a pronounced dynamic, diff erent and specifi c for each element.

The Effect of Organic Biostimulants on Beneficial Soil Microorganism Activity

Organic biostimulants and organic fertilizers can improve soil health for various horticultural crops. The objectives of these experiments were to determine if biostimulants beneficially increase soil microorganism activity in soilless medium, and additionally measure the impact of synthetic and organic fertilizers with blackstrap molasses on plant nutrient uptake nutrient runoff. It was hypothesized that the addition of biostimulants will increase soil microbe activity. Evolution of soil carbon dioxide was measured by comparing different rates (0, 15, 30, and 45 mL/3.8 L of water) of blackstrap molasses using a randomized block design with 3 replications in nursery containers. Also, a second study using St. Augustinegrass and tomatoes fertilized with organic and synthetic fertilizers was evaluated with and without a biostimulant rate (30 mL/3.8 L of water). The plants were arranged in randomized complete block design with 6 replications. Soil biostimulants did significantly increase the microorganism activity at the 0.05 level. The highest rate of blackstrap molasses improved soil biological activity over a 4-week period. Additionally, fertilizer combined with molasses did show significant increases in soil microbiology for over 5 weeks for both tomatoes and St. Augustinegrass. Molasses increased soil microbial activity but not plant nutrition. Organic fertilizer though resulted in higher levels of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur in plant tissue. Further research is being conducted to measure the influence of biostimulants on the breakdown of composting plant matter. Organic fertilizer slightly increased soil water pH but reduced nutrient load pollution based on a 7-day nutrient effluent study. Total nutrients (nitrates, P, Ca, Mg, and S) runoff was significantly less than synthetic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer reduced nutrient dumping in waste effluent. Organic fertilizers can improve nutrient use efficiency.

Correlation between vegetation indexes generated at Vitis Vinifera L. and soil, plant and production parameters for emergency application in decision making

ABSTRACT: Correlation between proximal sensing techniques and laboratory results of qualitative variables plus agronomic attributes was evaluated of a 3,0 ha vineyard in the county of Muitos Capões, Northeast of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in Vitis vinifera L. at 2017/2018 harvest, aiming to evaluate the replacement of conventional laboratory analysis in viticulture by Vegetation Indexes, at situations were laboratory access are unavailable. Based on bibliographic research, looking for vegetative indexes developed or used for canopy reflectance analysis on grapevines and whose working bands were within the spectral range provided by the equipment used, a total of 17 viable candidates were obtained. These chosen vegetation indices were correlated, through Pearson (5%), with agronomic soil attributes (apparent electrical conductivity, clay, pH in H2O, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, effective CTC, CTC at pH 7.0, zinc, copper, sulfur and boron) for depths 0 -20 cm and 20-40 cm, and plant tissue (Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, copper, zinc, iron, manganese and boron) , in addition to some key oenological and phytotechnical parameters for the quantification of wine production and quality. One hundred and thirty ninesignificant correlations were obtained from this cross, with 36 moderate coefficients between 19 parameter variables versus 12 of the indexes. We concluded that in cases where access or availability of laboratory analyzes is difficult or impracticable, the use of vegetation indices is possible if the correlation coefficients reach, at least, the moderate magnitude, serving as a support to decision making until the lack analytical structure to be remedied.

The effects of subchronic intake of magnesium hydro-carbonate-rich mineral water on cardiometabolic markers and electrolytes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

Background/Aim: Hypomagnesaemia is one of the most detected electrolyte abnormalities in diabetics. Modulation of numerous cardiovascular pathophysiological processes is a potential goal for anti-diabetic therapy. Magnesium supplementation prevents subclinical tissue magnesium deficiency, thus delaying the onset of metabolic imbalance in diabetes, but long-term effects of magnesium supplementation in chronic diabetes and numerous pathophysiological processes remain unknown. Aim of this study was to determine the effects of subchronic intake of magnesium hydrocarbonate-rich mineral water on cardiometabolic markers and electrolytes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Methods: A total of 28 Wistar, male rats, body weight 160 g at start, were divided into four groups of 7 each: two controls, group that drank tap water and received a single ip injection of saline (0.9 % NaCl) (TW-C), group that drank mineral water rich in magnesium hydrocarbonate and received a single ip injection of saline (0.9 % NaCl) (MW-C); and two experimental groups with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, group that drank tap water and received a single ip injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) in saline (0.9 % NaCl, 1 mL) (TW-DM), group that drank mineral water rich in magnesium hydrocarbonate and received a single ip injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) in saline (0.9 % NaCl, 1 mL) (MW-DM). Results: Regarding the biochemical parameters, a decrease was observed in the MW-C group for vitamin B12 and proteins, while triglycerides were higher compared to the TW-C group. By comparing the haemostatic biomarkers between TW-C and MW-C groups, a statistically significant decrease was found for fibrinogen, while the electrolyte analysis showed an increase in phosphates for the MW-C group. Biochemical value comparison between TW-DM and MWDM groups showed that magnesium hydrocarbonate usage in diabetic rats did not significantly reduce glycaemia although the average glycaemic values were lower in the group treated with magnesium hydrocarbonate. Regarding the electrolyte values, a statistically significant decrease was observed for sodium, potassium and phosphate in the MW-DM group. The MW-DM group also showed a significant increase in iron value compared to TW-DM group. Conclusion: Subchronic intake of magnesium hydrocarbonate-rich mineral water, as a form of magnesium supplementation, did not cause a significant improvement in glycaemia or normalisation of diabetes-induced dyslipidaemia. This study showed the reduction of fibrinogen value, thus indicating the possibility of usage of this form of magnesium supplementation in different pro-thrombogenic conditions.