Tissue Antioxidant Levels Research Articles

Potential Protective Effect of Hesperidin (Vitamin P) against Glyphosate-Induced Spermatogenesis Damage in Male Rats: Biochemical and Histopathological Findings on Reproductive Parameters.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of hesperidin (HES) on testicular histopathological changes, biochemical changes, and semen characteristics in rats exposed to glyphosate (GLP). The control group was given a normal diet devoid of GLP and HES, the HES group was given 100 mg/kg/day HES with the normal diet, the GLP group was given GLP at the LD50/10 dose of normal feed, which was 787.85 mg/kg/day, and the GLP + HES group was given normal feed containing 787.85 mg/kg/day LD50/10 dose of GLP in addition to 100 mg/kg/day HES. GLP administration reduced sperm motility, sperm plasma membrane integrity, glutathione levels, and total antioxidant levels in the testicular tissues of rats. Moreover, it caused an increase in right testis and left epididymis weights, abnormal sperm counts, malondialdehyde levels, total oxidant status, and DNA damage. The HES treatment showed curative effects on these parameters. Furthermore, HES was effective in lessening the histopathological damage that was caused by GLP. The results showedthat HES protects spermatological parameters and DNA integrity, improves antioxidant defenses, and lowers the damage and lipid peroxidation caused by GLP in testicular tissue.

Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Stem and Leaves Parts of Cissus woodrowii (Stapf ex Cooke) Santapau

The contemporary investigation aimed to assess the hepatoprotective potential of Cissus woodrowii (Stapf ex Cooke) Santapau against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Through evaluating antioxidant levels in liver tissues and blood marker enzymes, it was observed that administration of the plant extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly mitigated liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride. The study found that carbon tetrachloride-induced reductions in total protein, catalase, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, while increasing levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, lipid peroxidation, and aspartate aminotransferase. However, rats treated with varying doses of the plant extract exhibited restoration towards normal levels of serum marker enzymes and antioxidants, contrasting with those solely exposed to carbon tetrachloride. These findings collectively suggest that C. woodrowii (Stapf ex Cooke) Santapau possesses antioxidant properties and exerts a hepato-protective effect against CCl4-induced liver impairment in rats.

A Review on the Effects of Physical Activity and Curcumin Supplementation on the Toxicity of Disease Caused by Anthracyclines with a Review of Doxorubicin

Introduction: Today, cancer is known as one of the biggest public health problems and the second cause of death in the world, and due to its high prevalence, it is considered as one of the main health problems all over the world. There are many treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, to treat cancer in patients. Chemotherapy is actually the use of antineoplastic drugs alone or in combination with other drugs. Of course, these drugs can also damage the function of healthy cells and cause many side effects. Anthracyclines are one of the most widely class of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and epirubicin are among the anthracycline drug group, the most widely used of which is doxorubicin, which causes cardiotoxicity in the patients undergoing chemotherapy, and unfortunately, there is no definite and reliable treatment for it. Various strategies have been used to reduce the toxic effects of doxorubicin on non-target tissues, including the use of medicinal plants, diet and various types of long-term exercises with the aim of increasing tissue antioxidant levels. Therefore, determining the appropriate exercise and nutrition program considering the physical conditions for cancer patients who are undergoing chemotherapy treatment is so important. Therefore, the current review study aimed to determine the effects of DOX cytotoxicity on heart tissue and the benefits of regular physical activity and curcumin supplementation were investigated and discussed. Conclusion: The use of curcumin with aerobic exercise is likely to be a potentially useful candidate to protect against the toxicity of blood cells caused by the drug doxorubicin, which is used to prevent the growth and progression of cancer cells in patients

Combinatorial impact of physico-chemical parameters and wastewater responses on freshwater fish (Rita rita) of river Ganga

This work wass designed to analyze the possibility of heavy metals inducing oxidative stress and biochemical perturbations effect on fresh water fish and their impact directly or indirectly on the human race. Due to continuous drainage of municipal waste, tanneries, and pesticides in Ganga River, lifeline of millions of people is heavily affected. The physico-chemical qualities of Ganga River were analyzed in quarterly basis during year 2018 to 2021, by taking the freshwater sample of different locations in Kanpur. While collecting the sample water the average temperature 27.6°, DO value of selected locations were fairly poor with an average of DO 6.67 mg L-1 and BOD ranged from 11.93 to 20.79 mg L-1. On the other hand the BOD ranged from 11.93 to 20.79 mg L-1 which is far more than WHO standards. Additionally, levels of antioxidants in enzymatic and non-enzymatic tissues serve as proxies for fish exposure to oxidant pollutants. Higher physico-chemical responses indicate contaminants and heavy metals may be playing an important role that have to be considered. The heavy metals are affecting the antioxidant defense system particularly seen in liver and kidney of fish and this affect on kidney and liver functioning as the concentrations of heavy metals rises. The relation between enzymatic activity and the metabolite showing negatively correlation that is noted highly significant to this study (r = -0.87, t = 10.14, p* ≤0.05).

The influencer effect of Dexmedetomidine on radioiodine relevant to lacrimal gland impairment.

To assess the potential influencing effects of Dexmedetomidine on impaired lacrimal glands after high-dose radioiodine treatment (RAI). Thirty-six rats were arbitrarily separated into 3 groups: Sham, RAI, and Dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine group was given Dexmedetomidine and RAI, the Sham group was given the same millimeters of saline, and the RAI group was given RAI only. All forms of lacrimal glands, including harderian glands (HG), extraorbital (EG), and intraorbital (IG) lacrimal glands, were evaluated for immunohistochemical, histopathologic assessments and also for tissue cytokines, oxidant and antioxidant levels. Dexmedetomidine significantly ameliorated histopathologic changes such as periacinar fibrosis, acinar atrophy, lymphocytic infiltration, ductal proliferation, lipofuscin-like accumulation, and nucleus changes caused by RAI in all lacrimal gland forms (p < 0.05 for all of the parameters). However, periductal fibrosis was improved significantly only in EG (p = 0.049), and mast cell infiltration was improved significantly only in IG (p = 0.038) in Dexmedetomidine groups. There was a significant decrease in the elevated caspase-3 and TUNEL levels after RAI administration in the Dexmedetomidine group in all lacrimal gland forms (p < 0.05 for all parameters). Dexmedetomidine attenuated NF-kb, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels significantly diminished total oxidant status and raised total antioxidant status levels (p < 0.05 for all parameters). The results of this study demonstrated that following RAI, Dexmedetomidine diminished inflammation, tissue cytokine levels, and apoptosis and ameliorated impaired histopathologic patterns of the lacrimal glands.

COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR RESPONSE TO Cycas circinalis-INDUCED TOXICITY IN LIVER, KIDNEY AND COLON OF RATS AND GUINEA PIGS

This study evaluated the toxicological response of rats and guinea pigs to Cycas in feed. Ten rats and guinea pigs were randomly designated into two groups for each animal. The control groups were fed with a normal diet while the experimental groups were fed with the Cycas-containing feed for 6 weeks. The effect of the Cycas feed on the animals’ liver, kidney, and colon were evaluated using biochemical and histological assays. The result of the experiment showed changes in body weight and tissue (liver, kidney, and colon) antioxidant levels. Additionally, the animals on the Cycas diet observed an increase in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The histology result for both the rats and guinea pigs revealed that cycasin present in the plant is a potent colon carcinogen, it induced hyperplasia in the colon cells which is a great pointer towards abnormal cell division and hence cancer. We predicted that the plant via its induction of oxidative damage and depletion of tissue antioxidants could drive tissue toward tumorigenesis in both animals. There were significant changes between the (p&lt;0.05) values derived from the different animals. Guinea pigs were more susceptible to the negative effects of the cycasin.

Pulmonary toxicity associated with high-dose favipiravir and treatment options: biochemical and histopathological evaluation.

Favipiravir is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that is a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor. Favipiravir is used in high doses to treat COVID-19 but has a side effect on humans at high doses. The side effects of favipiravir have been associated with oxidative stress in the literature. In this trial, we investigated the biochemical and histopathological effects of lacidip-ine, thiamine pyrophosphate (TTP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), drugs with antioxidant properties, on the lung toxicity caused by high-dose favipiravir in rats. The rats were classified into five groups: healthy (HG), favipiravir alone (Fav), lacidipine+favipiravir (LFav), TPP+favipiravir (TFav), and ATP+favipiravir (AFav). Favipiravir (800 mg/kg) was administered twice daily for seven days. Laci-dipine (4 mg/kg), TPP (20 mg/kg), and ATP (25 mg/kg) were administered once daily for seven days. Oxidant (malondialdehyde), non-enzymatic (total glutathi-one), and enzymatic (superoxide dismutase and catalase) antioxidant levels were measured in the excised lung tissues. Furthermore, the tissues were histopatho-logically examined. The systemic administration of high doses of favipiravir in-creased oxidant levels and decreased antioxidant levels in the lung tissue of rats. In parallel, the histopathological examination of the lung tissue revealed the presence of severe mononuclear cell infiltrations in interstitial areas and pronounced lymphoid hyperplasia. Lacidipine exhibited superior efficacy in mit-igating oxidative stress and preventing the decline of antioxidants induced by favipiravir compared with TPP and ATP. Histopathologically, the lacidipine admin-istration significantly reduced lung oxidative damage. TTP moderately reduced severe favipiravir-associated lung injury. However, ATP was ineffective against fa-vipiravir-associated lung injury. Lacidipine offers more therapeutic benefits than TPP in treating oxidative lung injury caused by high doses of favipiravir.

Shuangshi Tonglin Capsule treats benign prostatic hyperplasia through the ROS/NLRP3 signaling pathway

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of the SSTL on BPH and clarify the therapeutic mechanisms.MethodsAnimal model of BPH was established by castration and subcutaneous injection of TP into SD rats; rats were orally administered SSTL for 28 days while modeling. Detection of PI, LI and RI in rats, to observe histopathological changes and collagen deposition in the prostate tissue. Detects levels of sex hormones and inflammatory factors in serum and tissues of rats, the test kit detects levels of lipid peroxides and antioxidants in serum and tissues. Fluorescent staining analysis of tissue ROS; the expression of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles was observed by immunohistochemistry; Western blotting detected the expression of NOX4, NOX2, NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles, ASC, Cleaved Caspase-1, Caspase-1, IL-1β.ResultsAfter SSTL capsule treatment, the PI and RI of the rats decrease. HE and Masson staining showed that SSTL ameliorated the pathological damage and reduced collagen deposition in the prostate tissue of BPH rats; ELISA results showed that SSTL was able to reduce T, DHT, TNF-α, IL-1β levels in BPH rats. The test kit showed that SSTL made the levels of MDA, CAT and GSH-Px in the serum and prostate tissue of rats and increased the activity of SOD. The results of ROS fluorescence showed that the ROS level was reduced in SSTL group; Western blotting showed that SSTL could cause down-regulation of NOX4, NOX2, NLRP3, ASC, Cleaved Caspase-1, IL-1β protein expression.ConclusionSSTL can reduce the PI and RI in BPH rats, it can also inhibit the level of sex hormones and inflammatory factors in BPH rats, which thereby reducing the histopathological damage of prostate gland in BPH rats, and can treat BPH in rats through ROS/NLRP3 pathway.

Shuangshi Tonglin capsule improves chronic prostatitis through the SIRT-1/AMPK and MAPK signalling pathways

ObjectivesTo explore the effects of the Shuangshi Tonglin (SSTL) capsule on CP/CPPS and reveal the therapeutic mechanisms. MethodsA CP/CPPS rat-model group received an intraprostatic injection of CFA. SSTL capsule were administered daily by oral gavage at doses of 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 g/kg for 28 days. Pain threshold tests were performed, and prostate and blood samples were collected. We performed histological analysis of the prostate tissue and immunohistochemical analysis of TNF-α and COX-2. Measure the TNF-α levels, detect antioxidant levels in serum and prostate tissue, and evaluate the expression of proteins with the AMPK/SIRT-1 and MAPK signalling pathways. ResultsAfter SSTL capsule treatment, all animals exhibited an increased mechanical pain threshold in the lower abdomen, decreased inflammation in the stroma, and reduced histological structural damage. Inflammation was reduced through the observed decrease in the levels of various inflammatory factors, as well as in the increase of the levels of MDA, p-AMPK, and SIRT-1. The suppression of IKKβ, p-P38, p-ERK and p-JNK was also observed. ConclusionsSSTL capsule treatment decreased inflammation in the stroma and reduced histological structural damage. It improved CP/CPPS symptoms by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Our study indicates that the SSTL capsule is an effective treatment for prostatitis.

Oxidative stress-induced by different stressors alters kidney tissue antioxidant markers and levels of creatinine and urea: the fate of renal membrane integrity

The cellular integrity of the kidney in homeostatic regulation has constantly been compromised by oxidative stress following exposure to varying nature of stressor present within the environment. The objective of the work was to evaluate the renal effect of the different stressor stimuli applied. Twenty-four adult female rats weighing averagely 160–200 g and within the ages of 12–14 weeks were used for experiment-1, while 12 offspring were utilized for experiment-2. Three stress models namely; restraint, mirror chamber and cat intruder stressors were used. Tissues were isolated from the animal and homogenized for tissue antioxidant assay. Serum was collected for assays of urea and creatinine for the kidney function test using ELISA. Data collected were analyzed for Mean ± SEM using One Way ANOVA. The present study revealed that exposure of rats to different stressors reduced relative kidney weights but did not significantly alter serum creatinine concentration in the Wistar rats, although the concentrations were slightly increased compared to controls. Urea concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in rats exposed to restraint and intruder stressors. Exposure to a mirror chamber stressor did not significantly alter urea concentration. Offspring from parents of stressed female rats exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum urea level, minimal increase in serum creatinine levels. GSH and GST levels showed no significant difference when compared to control group, whereas, GPx were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased irrespective of the stressor applied. SOD activity were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the group exposed to restraint or cat intruder stressor. CAT activities were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the rats exposed to restraint or cat intruder stressor. In all, the different stress model altered the antioxidant capacity of the kidney tissues. Exposure of rats to a stressful condition of the different nature of stressor has the tendency of compromising the functional integrity of the kidney, thus, with the potency of complicating female renal function.

Effect of induced molting on ovarian function remodeling in laying hens

Induced molting (IM) can restore the laying rate of aged laying hens to the peak level of laying and rejuvenate ovarian function for the second laying cycle. To explore the mechanism of ovarian function remodeling during IM in laying hens, in this study, ninety 71-wk-old laying lady hens with 60% laying rate and uniform weight were selected for molting induction by fasting. Samples (serum and fresh ovarian tissue) were collected on the day before fasting (F0), the 3rd and 16th days of fasting (F3, F16), and the 6th, 15th, 32nd days of refeeding (R6, R15, and R32), and the number of follicles in each period was counted. Then, the reproductive hormone levels in serum and antioxidant levels in ovarian tissues were detected at different stages, and the gene expression of the KIT-PI3K-PTEN-AKT pathway and GDF-9 in ovaries was measured by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the laying rate increased rapidly after refeeding and returned to the prefasting level by R32. At F16 and R6, the number of mature follicles significantly decreased; the number of primary and secondary follicles significantly increased; the contents of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4) in serum decreased; the relative expression of KIT, PI3K, AKT, and GDF-9 significantly increased; and that of PTEN significantly decreased. At R15 and R32, except for GDF-9, which maintained a high expression state, other indicators showed opposing trends to those observed at F16 and R6. In conclusion, IM activated the KIT-PI3K-PTEN-AKT signaling pathway and promoted the activation of primordial follicles during the fasting period and early resumption of feeding; gonadotropin secretion increased gradually, which promoted the rapid development of primary and secondary follicles to mature follicles and ovulation. This study explained the mechanism of ovarian function remodeling in the process of IM and provided a theoretical basis for improving the ovarian function of laying hens and optimizing the IM program.

Effects of Arum dioscoridis Extract on Hepatic Toxicity Caused by Thioacetamide in Rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Arum dioscoridis (tirsik) plant extract against thioacetamide-induced experimental liver toxicity. In this study, 35 male Wistar-Albino rats, of 12-14 weeks old, weighing between 200 and 270 g, were used. Rats were divided into 5 groups of 7 each. The first group was determined as the control group, the second group as the hepatotoxicity group, the third group as the prophylaxis group, the fourth group as the intraperitoneal treatment group, and the fifth group as the oral treatment group. Hepatotoxicity was achieved with a single intraperitoneal dose of 350 mg/kg of thioacetamide (TAA). On the seventh day, the rats were sacrificed under general anesthesia. Their blood was taken and liver enzymes were studied. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathyon peroxi dase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxit dismutase (SOD) enzymes were studied from liver tissues. In addition, liver tissues were evaluated histopathologically. With Arum dioscoridis treatment and prophylaxis, improvements in all parameters and increases in tissue antioxidant levels were detected. It was determined that Arum dioscoridis plant extract has prophylactic and therapeutic effects on liver toxicity. In cases of acute liver injury and hepatotoxicity, we suggest the potential application of Arum dioscoridis for effective and inexpensive treatment.

Effects of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation of Contrast

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common complication of clinical diagnosis and treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. This study focused on the role of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 (D3) in contrast-induced renal tissue inflammation and oxidative stress. Thirty C57BL/6 mouse underwent unilateral renal pedicle ligation. One week after surgery, they were randomly divided into three groups, 10 mice in control group (CON group), 10 mice injected with iodixanol in contrast-induced nephropathy model group (CM group), 10 mice injected with contrast agent +in 1,25-(OH)2-D3 group (D3 group). The effects of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 on contrast nephropathy were studied by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) observation of kidney structure, detection of serum creatinine, urea nitrogen observation of kidney function, and Western blotting and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Under the light microscope, the renal tissue structure of the CM group was disordered, hypertrophic glomeruli, renal tubular cells were significantly edematous, and the interstitial fibrosis area was significantly increased. The serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in CM group were significantly increased compared with CON group, the antioxidant proteins GPX1 and GPX3 were significantly decreased, while the apoptosis proteins Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly increased, and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was significantly decreased. The expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was significantly increased. However, the D3 can effectively inhibit apoptosis through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In addition, the expression levels of Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and /NF-κB-P65 in the D3 group were lower than those in the CM group. It is indicated that 1,25-(OH)2-D3 has an inhibitory effect on TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. 1,25-(OH)2-D3 can reduce contrast-induced SCr and BUN and alleviate renal structural damage by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, which has an effect of reducing inflammation, increasing tissue antioxidant levels, and delaying cellular senescence.

Serum versus tissue levels of FoxO3a, zinc, and iron in patients with vitiligo: is oxidative stress a local process?

Background Vitiligo is a pigmentation disorder characterized by milky white patches. It is caused by destruction of melanocytes because of an uncertain etiology. Oxidative stress (OS) hypothesis is highly considered in vitiligo pathogenesis. Antioxidants, including the Forkhead box O (FoxO) proteins, iron, zinc, and others, were found to be impaired in patients with vitiligo.Objective To assess the role of OS in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and to decide whether is it a local dysfunction, systemic process, or both.Patients and methods A case–control study was conducted, in which serum and tissue levels of FoxO3a, zinc, and iron were estimated in 50 patients with vitiligo and 30 age-matched and sex-matched healthy volunteers. FoxO3 levels were measured using ELISA kits. Iron and zinc levels were measured using colorimetric methods.Results No significant difference was found between serum FoxO3a levels in patients and controls (P=0.427), whereas lesional FoxO3a was significantly lower than its level in the skin of controls (P<0.001). Zinc and iron levels were significantly lower in serum and tissue of patients with vitiligo than in controls (P<0.001 for each).Conclusion Both serum and tissue levels of antioxidants are probably involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. However, tissue OS may be affected more. Some antioxidants, such as, zinc, may be involved more than others.

Antioxidant potential of Drosera peltata in Dalton Ascites Lymphoma (DAL) bearing mice

Cancer is one of the prominent causes of death reported by World Health Organization (WHO). The purpose of this study was to measure the antioxidant status of animals treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg doses of ethanol and aqueous extract of Drosera peltata on Dalton Ascites Lymphoma (DAL) inoculated mice. A total of 70 mice were divided into 7 groups, each group with ten mice. The first group (negative control) received normal food and water for 14 days and was kept under normal conditions. The second group also received normal food and water for 14 days, which was used as a cancer (positive) control. The third group received 5-fluorouracil (20 mg/kg, i.p.) once a day for 14 days. The fourth and fifth group animals received 250 and 500 mg/kg of ethanol extracts of D. peltata (EEDP) whereas the sixth and seventh groups of mice received 250 and 500 mg/kg of aqueous extracts of D. peltata (AEDP), orally for 14 days. All the groups were inoculated with DAL (2 × 106 cells/mouse, i.p.) except group I, 24 hours before the commencement of the drug treatment. After the completion of treatment, blood was drawn retro-orbitally and the animals were sacrificed to isolate the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain for observing tissue antioxidant status. The parameters analyzed were total protein (TP), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (P), and glutathione (GSH) from the tissues apart, and the protein carbonyl content (PCC) also measured from the blood sample. Treatment with EEDP and AEDP significantly lowered the MDA levels from 23 to 10 mmol/ml in the blood, whereas from 28 to 4 nm/g in tissue isolates of the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain. It also raised the TP, GSH, SOD, CAT, and P levels in the blood and in the tissue samples of the cancer cell line inoculated animals, where their levels were close to those observed in control (negative) group animals. The results proposed that both extracts of D. peltata ameliorated various tissue antioxidant levels in mice with DAL cancer lines comparable to the negative control.

Curcumin Ameliorates Sertraline-mediated Testicular Toxicity in Rats via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress

Background: Sertraline is prescribed mainly for the treatment of patients with depression. However, this drug is known to have toxic effects on the male germ cells. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the ameliorative effects of curcumin on the sertraline-induced male reproductive toxicity. Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight each. The first group served as the control and received only tap water orally. The second group was given sertraline orally at 20 mg/kg. The third group received sertraline at the same dose plus an oral dose of curcumin at 100 mg/kg. The fourth group served as a positive control, which was given curcumin at 100 mg/kg. All treatments were given once daily over 42 consecutive days. Results: Sertraline exerted testicular toxicity mainly by triggering oxidative stress, resulting in adverse degenerative and atrophic alterations in the seminiferous tubules. Further, the rats’ testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels in the serum declined significantly in the sertraline group compared to those of the controls. Curcumin combined with sertraline, mitigated almost all of the histological abnormalities and significantly inhibited the oxidative stress by restoring the antioxidant levels in the testicular tissue. Also, in the combined group, the serum testosterone level significantly increased compared to that of the controls. Lastly, curcumin alone had no adverse effect on any of the examined parameters, similarly to the controls. Conclusion: We found that curcumin played an ameliorative role in the sertraline-mediated testicular injury in male Wistar rats through its considerable anti-oxidant property.

The Effect of Vitamin E on Testicular Histology and Antioxidant Level in Rats Exposed to Bisphenol A

This study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of Vitamin E on testicular tissue and antioxidant levels in rats exposed to Bisphenol A. It was determined that the general histological appearances were similar in the control and sham groups, there was a decrease in tubule diameter in the BPA-treated group, but the seminiferous tubular epithelial layer increased. Epithelial shedding and subbasal vacuoles were detected in some tubules in the vitamin E group. Undifferentiated Embryonic Cell Transcription Factor 1 (UTF-1) positive tubule and cell counts were found to be quite high in the BPA group. The antioxidant parameter SOD value was found to be low in the BPA group and higher in the Vitamin E group. It was noted that the MDA value was higher in the BPA-applied group compared to the other groups. At the end of the study, it was determined that vitamin E applied against BPA exposure had positive effects on testicular histology and antioxidant levels in testicular tissue.

Deuterohemin-Ala-His-Thr-Val-Glu-Lys (DhHP-6) Mimicking Enzyme as Synergistic Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Material for Periodontitis Therapy.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by plaque microorganisms. In the clinic, antibiotic assistant periodontal mechanical therapy is the most effective therapy for the treatment of periodontitis. However, the drug resistance of the antibiotics and the repeated coming and diminishing of the disorder of oxidation-reduction balance in the inflammatory tissue could not meet the high requirements for periodontic health control in long periods. Deuterohemin-ala-his-thr-val-glu-lys (DhHP-6) is a biomimetic oxidase-mimicking enzyme that simulates the reactive oxygen radical scavenger function of heme by synthesizing the new molecular material following the key structure and amino acid sequence of heme. In this article, we report the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of DhHP-6 by building a inflammatory model for human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) stimulated by lipolysaccharide (LPS) and its effects on periodontitis in Wistar rats. DhHP-6 reduced the oxidative stress of HGFs by increasing the amount of the reductase species of glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) while decreasing the amount of oxidase species of malonaldehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). DhHP-6 had a dose-dependent protective effect on alveolar bone absorption in rats with periodontitis, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and reduced inflammation. As determined by Micro-CT scanning, DhHP-6 reduced alveolar bone loss and improved the bone structure of the left maxillary first molar of rats. There were no obvious morphological and histological differences in the rat organs with or without DhHP-6 treatment. These results suggest that DhHP-6 can be used to treat periodontitis by increasing the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants in systemic and local tissues, thereby reducing levels of oxidation products and cyto-inflammatory factors. The synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of DhHP-6 suggest that there are promising applications of this biomimetic enzyme molecular material for the next generation of agents for periodontitis therapy.

Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions-Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) is a cytologic diagnosis etiologically related to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection that leads to the release of inflammation mediators, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased levels of antioxidants in tissues, which is why antioxidants might be considered effective against SIL progression. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation (600 mg/day) on the regression of low-grade SIL in 100 patients. Low-grade SIL was determined after the cytological screening, colposcopic examination and targeted biopsy and histological confirmation of cytological-colposcopic diagnosis. Inflammation parameters and the presence of HPV were determined by standard laboratory methods. Dietary and lifestyle habits were investigated using a standardized and validated semi-quantitative food questionnaire (FFQ). ALA supplementation significantly reduced the proportion of patients with low-grade cytological abnormalities, in comparison to placebo. Given the obtained level of significance (p &lt; 0.001), the presented results indicate that short-term ALA supplementation shows a clinically significant effect on cervical cytology. Future studies should focus on the use of innovative formulations of ALA that might induce bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency against HPV infection and the investigation of synergistic effects of concurrent dietary/lifestyle modification and ALA supplementation in both low-grade and high-grade SIL.

Neuroprotective Potential of Hericium Erinaceus aqueous extract utilization in ischemia-reperfusion injury related middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model.

Background: Globally, stroke is the elusive basis of sensory and motor impairments in humans. Multiple herbal compounds have been shown in studies to have positive therapeutic potential when used in conjunction with pharmaceutical therapies for the treatment and primary prevention of ischemic stroke. Current research investigation is planned to determine the neuro-protective potential of Hericium Erinaceus (HE) aqueous extract utilization in pre and post-middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic–reperfusion injury.&#x0D; Methodology: Fifty-four Wistar albino rats (200-250 gms; 10-12 weeks) were divided into four experimental groups (n=9). Group I (control); Group II (sham); Group III (MCAO) MCAO for 20-30 min then 24 hours of reperfusion; Group IV was split into three groups as subgroup I (300 mg/kg BWT of AEHE given for 7 days), subgroup II (300 mg/kg BWT of AEHE given for 7 days and then MCAO), subgroup III (at the 4th hour of MCAO induction 300mg/kg of AEHE was given). Blood and cerebral, hepatic, and renal tissue samples were preserved and evaluated for modifications in plasma lipids levels, liver-kidney levels, c-reactive protein, blood glucose, and tissue antioxidant levels. A histopathological study was done over the selected tissues.&#x0D; Results: MCAO induction significantly alters the reno-hepatic profiles, c-RP levels, and animal tissue antioxidant (CAT, SOD, GSH) enzymes levels. However, HE-extract in both subgroups (Pre MCAO HE and Post MCAO HE) has significantly reduced lipid panel, glucose levels, and reno-hepatic parameters significantly. HE has effectively regulated antioxidant enzymes in cerebral, hepatic, and renal homogenates. In Pre-MCAO HE and Post-MCAO HE groups, the histopathological architecture of tissues is preserved.&#x0D; Conclusion: Daily dietary consumption of HE extract in calculated quantity significantly reduces the biochemical changes related to MCAO in a rat stroke model in ischemia-reperfusion injury.