Barbonymus Schwanenfeldii Research Articles

Supplementation of Kappaphycus alvarezii Solid Waste (Bioethanol Production) in Fish Feed for Barbonymus schwanenfeldii Growth

Kappaphycus alvarezii is a renewable resource rich in dietary sources such as vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates and trace minerals. The solid waste of this marine macroalgae produced from bioethanol production was used to produce fish feed. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of K. alvarezii fish feed in Barbonymus schwanenfeldii fish growth. The proximate analysis, micro and macronutrient and mycotoxin in the K. alvarezii fish feed were determined using a standard protocol. For the fish culture design, fish were randomly divided into two groups: group I – feed with commercial fish feed (control); group II – feed with K. alvarezii fish feed (experimental group). The initial body weight of the fish was recorded, and thereafter weekly for 12 weeks. Proximate analysis indicated that the dried K. alvarezii fish feed is high in nitrogen (46.30+0.1%) and low in moisture (6.40+0.1%), ash (4.50+0.1%) and fiber (4.75+0.1%) contents, while rich in macro and micronutrients. There was no mycotoxin found in the K. alvarezii fish feed. For the 12 weeks of the feeding of commercial and K. alvarezii fish feed, our results did not show any significant difference (P > 0.05) in the B. schwanenfeldii specific growth rate between the groups, 0.36+0.03% in the control group and 0.34+0.02% in the experimental group, respectively. Proximate analysis of the B. schwanenfeldii fish, indicated a moisture content of 19.20+0.1%, crude extract protein of 74.70+0.1% and crude lipid of 3.50+0.1% in the control group, which are significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in the experimental group [moisture content (15.60+0.1%), crude extract protein (70.00+0.1%) and crude lipid (2.60+0.1%)]. Although the proximate analysis in the control group is significantly higher than the experimental group, the use of K. alvarezii as fish feed supplement is still a good option as it utilizes the waste of K. alvarezii and can support towards the UN Sustainable Development Goal 12, Responsible Consumption and Production.

FIRST GENERATION REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND SECOND GENERATION LARVAL PRODUCTION ON THE DOMESTICATED TINFOIL BARB, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (BLEEKER, 1854)

Tinfoil barb, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (Bleeker, 1854), is a potential freshwater fish for Indonesian aquaculture. Before widely used, the candidate needs to be evaluated. This research aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of the first generation (G1) and larval performance of the second generation (G2) of domesticated tinfoil barb. A total of 68 female and 24 male broodstocks were selected for the artificial breeding program. The gonadal maturity test was carried out by canulating the eggs every month. Before spawning, GnRHa hormone was injected into the dorsal area (0.5 mL/kg for female and 0.2 mL/kg for male). Fecundity, fertility rate, hatching rate, embryogenesis, and larvae ontogeny were recorded. The results showed that the first matured G1 males of tinfoil barb were at the standard length of 16.01 ± 1.18 cm, while females at 15.79 ± 1.23 cm. The mature broodstock indicated by the gonad maturity stage III and IV confirming higher estradiol concentration (above 400 pg mL-1). The fecundity of two mature broodstock-sized of 217.2 g and 197.3 g were 12,495 and 15,782 eggs, respectively. The spawning season of G1 tinfoil barb was in October and November (rainy seasons). The fertilized eggs latency time was 10 hours 44 minutes at 25°C and hatched after 23 hours 7 minutes. The fertility rate was 96.96 % and the hatching rate was 95.16 %. The survival rate of G2 normal larvae was 100 % at three days of the rearing period. The G2 larvae production in this experiment provides an excellent opportunity for fish diversification both for aquaculture and restocking.

Effects of dietary protein-energy level on the survival, growth and body composition of tinfoil barb, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii fry

Effects of dietary protein-energy level on the survival, growth and body composition of tinfoil barb, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii fry

Effects of dietary fiber on growth, feed efficiency and nutrient utilization of tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii, Bleeker 1853) fry

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine dietary fiber utilization level in Barbonymus schwanenfeldii fry based on the growth, feed efficiency and nutrient utilization. Intestinal α-amylase activity and liver and intestinal histology were used to evaluate the growth performance of fish. Five isonitrogenous (48% crude protein) and isocaloric (20.1 kJ g⁻¹ gross energy) diets were prepared with different fiber levels (0.9%, 3.18%, 5.97%, 8.34% and 10.73%). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of fish (0.557 ± 0.001 g) at 20 fry per 100 L glass aquarium. Results revealed that tinfoil barb fry tolerated 10.73% dietary fiber without compromising their growth. Average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio linearly decreased with increasing fiber levels (P = 0.02). Protein efficiency had a positive association with dietary fiber levels (P = 0.03). Although whole body protein, ash and fiber contents were not related to dietary fiber levels, energy and lipid content linearly decreased with increased dietary fiber levels (P = 0.03). Retention of dietary protein and carbohydrate positively related to dietary fiber levels (P = 0.03). However, lipid and energy retentions were independent of dietary fiber concentrations. Intestinal α-amylase activity showed a unique association with dietary fiber intake in intestinal bulb (P < 0.0001) and hindgut (P = 0.01). However, irrespective of higher midgut amylase activity, its specific content was independent of dietary fiber levels. Besides, there were not any histopathological signs on the gut and liver of fish fed 0.9–10.73% dietary fiber. Meanwhile, condition factor and viscerosomatic index were independent of dietary fiber. Since feeding 10.73% dietary fiber did not affect the growth performance and nutrient utilization, it was concluded that B. schwanenfeldii fry could tolerate 10.73% crude fiber in their practical diet. However, future studies are warranted to determine maximum tolerability of fiber by the fish using further increase in dietary fiber level.

Molecular Identification of Silver-Barb (Barbonymus sp.) Based on COI and Cyt-b gene region from East Java

This study aims to determine the genetic character of cyprinid fish (Barbonymus sp.) using the mtDNA gene in the COI and Cyt-b gene regions. Samples were collected from the various areas in East Java Province, including Gresik, Mojokerto, Madiun, Malang, and Banyuwangi. The caudal peduncle of the cyprinid fish was used for molecular identification. Isolation and purification of its genomic DNA using the gSYNCTM DNA Extraction kit. We used a polymerase chain reaction machine for template DNA amplification with COI primers, including FishF1 and FishR1, while Cyt-b primers, including GluDG-L and CB2-H. The results showed that all cyprinid fish sequences were successfully amplified with the COI gene of 648 bp and the Cyt b gene of 408 bp. The results of the BLASTN analysis show that there are two species of cyprinid fish that have been found, namely Barbonymus gonionotus and Barbonymus schwanenfeldii, with percentage identities ranging from 99-100%. The species Barbonymus gonionotus was found in five regions (Gresik, Mojokerto, Madiun, Malang, and Banyuwangi), while Barbonymus schwanenfeldii was only found in Malang. The genetic distance value based on the COI gene ranged from 0.00000-0.10694, while the genetic distance value based on the Cyt-b gene ranged from 0.00000-1.15662. Conservation status based on IUCN Red List data, the species Barbonymus gonionotus and Barbonymus schwanenfeldii are included in the Least Concern (LC) category, and these species, according to CITES data, have not been evaluated or Not Evaluated.

Dactylogyrus spp. (Dactylogyridae, Monogenea) from tinfoil barb, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii imported into South Africa: morphometric and molecular characterisation.

This study reports on three species of Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 (Dactylogyridae) collected from tinfoil barb, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (Bleeker) which were imported into South Africa as ornamental fish from Sri Lanka and Thailand. Supplementary morphometric characterisation and molecular data (partial 18S and 28S rDNA, and ITS1 region sequences) are presented for Dactylogyrus lampam (Lim & Furtado, 1986), Dactylogyrus tapienensis Chinabut & Lim, 1993 and Dactylogyrus viticulus Chinabut & Lim, 1993. Prevalence of Dactylogyrus spp. infection was 87% and 80% for fish from Sri Lanka and Thailand, respectively. Composition of the parasites between the fish of each origin differed. All three species were found to infect fish from Thailand, but only D. lampam was present on the fish received from Sri Lanka. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the position of studied species, with D. lampam clustering within the lineages of varicorhini-type species, while D. tapienensis and D. viticulus form a sister lineage to Dactylogyrus spp. associated with Cyprinus carpio L. and Carassius spp., species parasitising central African large cyprinids (Labeo Cuvier), and species parasitising African and Middle Eastern Carasobarbus spp.

Analysis of Embryo Development and Early Performance of Larvae of Barbonymus Schwanenfeldii: A Systematic Review

Tengadak fish is a freshwater fish that can be found in rivers, lakes and canals and ditches. One of the important phases in fish development is the embryo. Embryo development (embryogenesis) is more in the process of formation and development of the embryo, not only the increase in the number and mass of embryonic blastomer cells but also the activity of blastomeric cells.The purpose of this study was to analyze the stages of embryonic development and early larval performance in Tengadak fish (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii). This study used systematic literature review using data from PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar databases using keywords, namely, “embryo, performance, Tengadak fish (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii)”. Approximately, 350 articles were obtained for the keywords “embryo, performance, Tengadak fish (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii)”. All articles were selected based on inclusion criteria and exclusion and obtained as many as 27 articles that meet the inclusion criteria From the results of research conducted, it can be concluded that this research has sequentially described the embryonic development and early performance of the larvae of the barbonymus schwanenfeldii. Need research on the other animal for future research.

Effects of native and pregelatinized starches on feed physical properties, digestibility, growth, nutrient utilization and histology of liver and intestine of juvenile tinfoil barb ( Barbonymus schwanenfeldii , Bleeker 1853)

Effects of native and pregelatinized starches on feed physical properties, digestibility, growth, nutrient utilization and histology of liver and intestine of juvenile tinfoil barb ( <i>Barbonymus schwanenfeldii</i> , Bleeker 1853)

Persistent detection of Tilapia lake virus in wild tilapia and tinfoil barbs.

Background and Aim:One of the emerging viral diseases in freshwater fish is Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), which infects all stages of fish and results in mass mortalities. Previously, a TiLV case was detected in the wild environment in Malaysia that involved tilapia and tinfoil barb. Hence, this study aimed to determine the presence of TiLV in wild tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as well as tinfoil barbs (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) at the similar lake after the initial outbreak in year 2017.Materials and Methods:Both fish species were sampled from this lake at a month interval for two years and subjected to TiLV detection using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and cell culture isolation. Concurrently, bacterial isolation and water quality measurements were performed to deduce their correlation with TiLV occurrence. Other wild fish species and mollusk were also occasionally sampled during the fish inventory activity at this lake. The fish’s weight, length, and associated clinical signs were noted throughout the entire study period.Results:Mortality was not observed throughout the whole study period, and results indicated a moderate to high prevalence of TiLV infection in both tilapia and tinfoil barbs. There was no correlation between TiLV infection with the isolation rate of opportunistic bacteria such as Aeromonas spp., Plesiomonas spp., and Edwardsiella spp. in the study site. At the same time, the Pearson correlation test revealed a moderate negative correlation between the water pH with the presence of TiLV (R=−0.4472; p<0.05) and a moderate positive correlation between the water iron content with the monthly detection of Aeromonas spp. in wild tilapia. This is contrary to tinfoil barbs, where there was a moderate negative correlation between the water iron content with the monthly isolation of Aeromonas spp. (R=−0.5190; p<0.05). Furthermore, isolation of TiLV on cell culture-induced viral invasion was resulted in the cytopathic effects.Conclusions:Our results suggest that the wild fish may harbor TiLV for an extended period following a massive die-off event in 2017 without any obvious clinical signs and mortality. The persistency of viruses in the wild may need continuous and effective control as well as prevention strategies.

The incubation of Tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) eggs using funnel system at different temperatures

Tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) is freshwater fish found in Borneo, Java, and Sumatera including in Aceh Province waters. It is known as a native species in Indonesia, locally known as Tengadak or Lampan and this species is popular for consumption due to its taste. Tinfoil barb is targeted species of inland water for fisheries production. In recent years, the fish population has declined because of overexploitation and habitat degradation. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of temperature on Tinfoil barb (B. schwanenfeldii) eggs incubation using a funnel system. It was conducted at Balai Benih Ikan (BBI) Lukup Badak, Central Aceh Regency. The Completely Randomized Design was used as a statistical analysis method with four treatments and three replications at 22±1 oC, 25±1 oC, 28±1 oC, and 31±1 oC. Hatching was carried out using a funnel system with 100 grain/liter of eggs density for incubation. The parameters measured were hatching time and rate, egg yolk absorption time, the survival rate of the embryo, larvae abnormality, and water quality. The ANOVA test results showed that temperature significantly affected hatching time and rate, egg yolk absorption time, and larvae abnormality (P0.05). In contrast, the effect was insignificant on the survival rate of an embryo, with P0.05. It is concluded that the optimum temperatures for Tinfoil barb eggs incubation were about 25±1 oC–31±1 oC. A funnel system was more effective for incubation than the conventional system.Keywords:Tinfoil barbFishIncubationTemperatureFunnel System

Effects of dietary starch sources on growth, nutrient utilization and liver histology of juvenile tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii, Bleeker 1853)

Aquafeeds with optimum digestible starch levels provide nutritional, economic, and environmental benefits in aquaculture. Tinfoil barb juveniles can optimally utilize 19.25% dietary corn starch, but their ability to use commonly available starch sources has not been explored. This study aimed to compare the effects of starch sources on fish growth, nutrient retention, intestinal α-amylase activity and liver histology. Five experimental diets with approximately 45% crude protein and 17.5 kJ g–1 gross energy were prepared using native corn, sago and tapioca starches and taro and wheat flours. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of 20 fish (3.34 ± 0.12 g) and feeding was done for eight weeks. Results revealed that weight gain and specific growth rate of fish did not differ among the starch sources. However, compared to corn starch, dietary taro flour increased daily feed intake of fish whereas wheat flour decreased it (P < 0.05). Fish fed dietary corn and tapioca starches showed lower feed conversion ratio and higher protein efficiency than those fed taro flour (P < 0.05). Protein and energy retention were lower in taro group compared to corn group whereas lipid retention was lower in taro and wheat groups than corn and tapioca groups (P < 0.05). Midgut α-amylase activity was higher in fish fed sago and tapioca than those fed taro and wheat flours (P < 0.05). Hepatocyte was smaller in taro group than fish fed other diets while its nucleus was smaller in wheat group compared to corn group (P < 0.05). Lower performance in flour-based diet groups could be attributed to flour properties. Overall performance of sago and wheat groups was comparable to both corn and taro groups. In conclusion, tinfoil barb juveniles could better utilize corn and tapioca starches but not taro flour. The findings can extend appropriate use of starch in aquafeeds to sustain future aquaculture.

Study relationship of the length and the weight of Baderbang fish (Barbodes schwanenfeldii) in The Dempok river, Gampingan, Pagak Sub-District, Malang Regency, East Java

Baderbang fish (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) is one of Indonesia's endemic fish which has a great opportunity to be cultivated as consumption fish. The success of fish farming is supported by information about the growth patterns in the area of ​​origin of the fish. The study of the relationship between fish length and weight is one indicator to determine the growth pattern of Baderbang fish (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii). This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the morphometrics and growth patterns of Baderbang fish in the Dempok river, in the side of the Pagak village, Malang district. The data analysis was performed, namely the LAM (Liner Allometric Method) data analysis. This model was used to determine the values ​​of a and b. Baderbang fish regression for 6 months is in the range of 1.0558-3.1947, this shows that the growth pattern of Baderbang fish varies every month which includes an isometric growth pattern which is a parallel growth pattern between length increase and increase, growth pattern Positive allometric is a growth pattern with weight gain faster than length gain, while negative allometric growth is a growth pattern with a faster increase in length than weight gain. The long-weight relationship of fish in the Dempok river flow has R2 results ranging from 0.2079-0.9409.

THE EFFECT OF STORAGE TIME AT COLD TEMPERATURES ON THE QUALITY OF PRESTO SHORT FISH (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii)

ABSTRACTIntroductiom: The “tengadak” presto fish (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) is one of the perishable processed fishery products. Therefore, by storing it in a refrigerator at 5 oC the product has an optimal shelf life. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of presto fish packaged with the vacuum method with different storage periods at 5 oC in terms of organoleptic values, proximate and TBA (Thiobarbituric Acid) analysis. Method: The study design was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 different storage periode at 5 oC namely LP0 (1 day), LP1 (10 days), LP2 (20 days), LP3 (30 days). Data were analyzed descriptively and statistical test One Way ANOVA. Results: Based on the organoleptic test, the best product preferred by the panelists was LP1 (10 Days). The Duncan's test showed that there was a significant difference between the variables of taste, aroma, and texture on the quality of “tengadak” presto fish. The results of the proximate analysis of the best “tengadak” presto fish every 100 g contain 55.77 g water, 10.64 g ash, 25.46 g protein, 4.99 g fat, 3.14 g carbohydrates (by deifference). The TBA analysis for at LP0 = 1.25 mg MA/Kg, LP1= 1.47 mg MA/Kg, LP2= 2.90 mg MA/Kg, LP3= 3.90 mg MA/Kg. The results of the organoleptic test showed that the selected product preferred by the panelists was LP1 (10 days) with a TBA value of 1.47 mg MA/Kg. Conclusions: Further research is needed on microorganism and chemical contamination in “tengadak” presto fish. Keywords : Different Storage Time, TBA (Thiobarbituric Acid),Tengadak Fish, Presto

PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO DAN PERFORMA AWAL LARVA IKAN TENGADAK (Barbonymus schwanennfeldii)

This experiment was conducted from May 2021 – September 2021 at the Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Research Installation in Cijeruk, Bogor, West Java. This study aimed to determine the stages of embryonic development and early larval performance that occurred in Tengadak fish (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii). This experimental study used two female fish, two male fish, and anaesthetic drugs. Parameters observed included observation of embryos and early performance of squirrelfish larvae. The embryo data were analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner with pictures of each egg development phase and then data on egg hatching time. The results showed that the early development of the embryo in trout generally includes cleavage stages, morula, blastula (blastoderm formation), gastrula (closure of the yolk sac), segmentation and hatching. The initial performance of the scorpion fish larvae reared at a temperature of 28oC showed an abnormality value of 5.7±2.5%. The average diameter of the egg yolks of the tee-fish was 39.42±4.41 µm, and the average initial length of the trout larvae was 18.46±1.32 µm.

Domestication Strategies of Tinfoil Barb Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (Bleeker, 1854): Potential Candidate for Freshwater Aquaculture Development

This paper discussed domestication strategies of Tinfoil barb from different populations for evaluation of potential fish candidate for freshwater aquaculture development. Collection and maintenance of wild-caught adult fish was the first step in domestication strategies followed by characterization of fish, broodstocks selection and maturation, control of fish reproduction, and larval rearing. The Tinfoil barb presented an excellent performance to adapt to the new environment. This was indicated by survival rate of the fish acclimated in the captive environment of about 69.28 ± 19.64% for five weeks. Phenotypic characterization revealed that Tinfoil barb collected from Borneo, Java, and Sumatra have different morphological characters. Based on genetic characters, polymorphism percentage and heterozygosity of the Borneo tinfoil barb population provided the highest performance followed by Java and Sumatra. The growth model of all Tinfoil barb populations was allometric negative indicating a faster increase in length than in weight. Reproductive performance presented that the fecundity of Tinfoil barb female from Borneo was the highest (2795-5099 eggs/gram) followed by Sumatra (1822-2976 eggs/gram) and Java (2210 eggs/gram). The artificial reproduction performance of broodstock from Borneo also presented more excellent performance than other population after hormonal treatment. Fertility rate and hatching rate were 94,33+0,29 % and 77,44+1,03%, respectively. Java Tinfoil barb had fertility rate 93+0,05% and hatching rate 73,67+3,15%, while it was no fertility rate and hatching rate obtained from Sumatra brood-stock group. Wild-caught adult Tinfoil barb from Borneo population presented the best performance used for potential brood-stock regarding genetic characters, reproductive performances, and response to artificial reproduction. Future studies need to be concerned with the acceleration of gonad maturation and the improvement of larval rearing technology for improvement of domestication strategies of Tinfoil barb as a potential candidate for freshwater aquaculture development.

Influence of environmental factors on biology and catch composition of Barbonymus schwanenfeldii in a tropical lake, northern Malaysia: implications for conservation planning.

Very little work has determined the relative importance of uncontrolled environmental factors for affecting fish biology, and how these might influence gillnet catches. This study addresses this deficit for an important Southeast Asian cyprinid (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii). Fish were caught monthly for 12 months using gillnets of three different mesh sizes, each of which was deployed in duplicate at the surface of one of three randomly selected sites in Lake Kenyir, Malaysia, concurrent with determining various environmental parameters and the abundance of phytoplankton (chlorophyll-a). Results indicated that growth co-efficient of B. schwanenfeldii was positively influenced by dissolved oxygen and negatively influenced by total inorganic nitrogen, whereas an opposite result was observed in case of the hepatosomatic index of fish. Water turbidity was a limiting factor only for small fish (mean total length: 15.74±1.10 cm). B. schwanenfeldii could best be caught during the period of high phytoplankton abundance or at the location of high phytoplankton density in the water. Water temperature negatively influenced the gillnet catches of the fish. The remaining environmental factors such as water depth, pH, and phosphate had a weak and insignificant influence (P >0.05) on the biology and gillnet catches of fish. The observed results can be very useful for the ecological monitoring and conservation plans for this species in relation to climate change. Furthermore, the utility of the similar data for other species would be useful not only forregional but also forinternational fishery by optimizing catches considering environmental conditions.

Fish biodiversity and assemblages along the altitudinal gradients of tropical mountainous forest streams

Knowledge of the fundamental aspects of ecology such as the patterns of fish species distribution and biodiversity in the forest streams is the first and basic step to develop effective conservation strategies. Yet, studies on altitudinal changes of fish composition and assemblages in Bornean forest streams are scarce despite being one of the hotspots of biodiversity conservation. Hence, surveys on freshwater fish composition along the altitudinal gradients of the Baleh River Basin in Sarawak, Borneo were conducted from April 2014 to August 2015. The Baleh River Basin was divided into seven altitudinal groups with a total of 72 stations. Group elevation ranged from 53 to 269 m above sea level. The fish samples and environmental parameters were taken concurrently during samplings. A total of 3565 specimens belonging to six orders, 14 families, and 76 species were found in the present study. The most dominant family in the Baleh River Basin was Cyprinidae (74.4%), followed by Gastromyzontidae (16.2%) while the most dominant species was Tor tambra (12.9%), followed by Lobocheilos ovalis (12.3%). Fish abundance significantly higher at high altitude sites than those at low altitude sites except for Mengiong River which has the lowest fish abundance despite with high elevation. Species richness was found significantly lower in midstream segment. Noticeable altitudinal gradient of fish assemblages was observed along the Baleh River except a discontinuity at the midstream segment which is attributable to the poorer quality inflow from the Mengiong River coupled with the meandering feature of the segment. Fish abundance was significantly and positively correlated with elevation, water pH and conductivity while negatively correlated with turbidity. Anthropogenic activities in the Baleh River Basin had altered the environmental variables thus disrupted the altitudinal gradient of fish assemblages. This phenomenon is apparent when the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed that the first axis (CCA1) explained 42.5% of the variation and has positive loading on dissolved oxygen (DO) and negative loading on water conductivity; whereas CCA2 explained 37.5% of the variation and positively loaded on elevation, water pH, and DO. The results demonstrated that Gastromyzon fasciatus preferred more oxygenated water than Protomyzon sp., G. sp 1, and G. punctulatus although they are all from Gastromyzontidae family that inhabiting high altitude sites. Barbonymus schwanenfeldii was also found most abundant with elevated dissolved oxygen value. On the other hand, Rasbora volzii and R. hosii inhabiting lower altitude sites with less oxygenated and more acidic water.

Anesthetic effectiveness of tekelan leaves on tinfoil barb fish in closed transportation

The mortality of tinfoil barb during transportation is relatively high due to the oxygen consumption rate and excretion of these fishes. Therefore, the use of an appropriate anesthetic drug becomes one of the solutions for solving this transportation problem of tinfoil barb. One of the natural anesthetic drugs with potential to be studied is Chromolaena odorata leaves. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of anesthetic compounds from Chromolaena odorata leaves in the closed transportation of tinfoil barb. The experimental design used was a non-factorial completely randomized design that consisted of four treatments and three replications,then followed by a Tukey test to see if there was a significant difference. The experimental treatments were A (0 ml/L of leaves filtrate), B (80 ml/L of leaves filtrate), C (90 ml/L of leaves filtrate), and D (100 ml/L of leaves filtrate). The observed parameters were fish behavior towards unconscious condition, onset time, immotilization time, survival rate, and water quality. The results showed that the shortest onset time was obtained from treatment D (100 ml/L leaves filtrate), namely 58 minutes towards unconscious condition, then the longest immotilization time was also shown by treatment D, which was 371 minutes. The highest survival rates were also shown by treatment D which were 94,33% during transportation and 76,33% during culture. The water quality parameters during the experiment were in an optimum condition of tinfoil barb. Keywords:AnestheticChromolaenaodorataTransportationTinfoil barb

Daya Predasi Ikan Lemon (Labidochromis caeruleus) dan Ikan Kapiat (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) Terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a vector-borne disease that still happens every year in Indonesia. This disease is caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by the Aedes aegypti as its vector. One of the biological vector controls that can be implemented is using fish as a predator of mosquito larvae, such as using Electric Yellow Cichlid fish (Labidochromis caeruleus) and Tinfoil Barb fish (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii). This study aimed to determine the difference in predation capacities of Electric Yellow Cichlid and Tinfoil Barb on Ae. aegypti larvae. This research is quasiexperimental with a completely randomized design (CRD) with Post Test Only research design. One aquarium with three liters of water containing one fish is given 25 Ae. aegypti larvae. Testing of each fish species is carried out in five replications. Fish predation was observed every 30 seconds until all larvae were eaten. The result showed that Electric Yellow Cichlid could prey on 25 larvae in an averagetime of 5.7 minutes, while Tinfoil Barb spent 11.6 minutes. The results of the Friedman test showed that there was a significant time difference in preying time of Electric Yellow Cichlid and Tinfoil Barb. It’s concluded that Electric Yellow Cichlid was more effective as an Ae. aegypti larvae predator.

Morphology and weight-length relationship of tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) at Tasik River, South Labuhanbatu Regency, Sumatera Utara

Tinfoil barb is one of the fish caught in the Tasik river. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphology and weight-length relationship of tinfoil barb. This research was conducted in July-August 2020 in the Tasik river using a net with a mesh size of 1.25 inches. The number of fish caught was 96 fish with a total weight (TW) of 2-47 g and a total length (TL) of 60-125 mm. Meristic characteristics of tinfoil barb consecutively are as follows: 31-33 Linnea Literalis (LL), 24-26 Body Circular Scales (BCS), 12-14 Dorsal Front Scales (DFS), 12-14 Tail Scales (TS) a total of 12 pieces, the dorsal fin formula (DF) is DI. 8-9, the ventral fin formula (VF) is V8-10, the pectoral fin formula (PF) is P12-14, the anal fin formula (AF) is AI. 5-6 and the caudal fin formula is (CF) C14. The results of the length-weight relationship indicate that the growth pattern of fish is negative allometric (b =3.221) where the weight gain is faster than the length gain.