Tinctorial Properties Research Articles

Use of Vegetable Waste for New Ecological Methods in Wool Fibre Treatments

In this current research, various amino acids (lysine, betaine, and cysteine) and peptides (oxidised or reduced glutathione) were considered as potential environmentally friendly alternatives to wool bleaching. A greener methodology was also applied to dyeing. Different agro-wastes (red cabbage, peppercorns, and red and yellow onion peels) served as raw pigment materials. The process’s efficiency was characterised by the whiteness degree, colour strength, and fastness to accelerated washing and perspiration. A higher whiteness index value was observed in the cysteine-based formulations. The onion peel exhibited significant tinctorial properties due to the presence of some natural mordants. All the proposed treatments were designed with a primary focus on environmental sustainability. These treatments offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional bleaching and dyeing methods for wool. They reduce costs and energy consumption while creating added value by valorising waste.

Функціональний стан шкіри в жінок із метаболічним синдромом

It is known that in people with metabolic diseases, reparation processes are disturbed during surgical interventions. However, the functional state of the skin during the development of the metabolic syndrome has been little studied. The aim of the work was to investigate the functional state of the skin in women with metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods. The study included 60 women aged 39 to 55 who sought surgical care for cosmetic skin defects. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy women. Signs of metabolic syndrome were registered in 30 women who were included in the main group. The rate of reproduction of basal keratinocytes was determined according to the method of P. V. Kozhevnikova. The neutralizing ability of the skin was determined by the colorimetric method according to the time of disappearance of the bright crimson color (in minutes). The elastometric indicators of the skin were studied by the vacuum aspiration method using an applied cuvette with a diameter of 20 mm at a negative pressure of 20 kPa. The results. It was found that in women with metabolic syndrome, the duration of exfoliation of the stratum corneum increased by 48.1% (p < 0.01) compared to controls. This indicates a decrease in the rate of division of basal epidermocytes in the case of the development of metabolic syndrome. In the main group, the neutralization of the irritating agent was slower by 24.1% (p < 0.01), which indicates a decrease in the reactogenic properties of the skin in people with signs of metabolic syndrome. In patients with metabolic syndrome, the elastometric index of the skin increased by 46.0% (p < 0.001), which indicates changes in the tinctorial properties of the skin associated with the metabolic destruction of collagen. Conclusion. Significant changes in the functional state of the skin were registered in women with metabolic syndrome compared to healthy women: the rate of division of basal keratinocytes decreased, the elasticity of the skin deteriorated, and the index of its reactogenicity decreased. The identified changes, to a certain extent, explain the reasons for the violation of reparative processes in the skin after surgical interventions. Key words: metabolic syndrome, exfoliation of the stratum corneum of the skin, rate of division of basal keratinocytes, skin elasticity.

Loss of cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1 impairs cortical mitochondrial structure and function: implications in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Cholinergic Receptor Muscarinic 1 (CHRM1) is a G protein-coupled acetylcholine (ACh) receptor predominantly expressed in the cerebral cortex. In a retrospective postmortem brain tissues-based study, we demonstrated that severely (≥50% decrease) reduced CHRM1 proteins in the temporal cortex of Alzheimer's patients significantly correlated with poor patient outcomes. The G protein-mediated CHRM1 signal transduction cannot sufficiently explain the mechanistic link between cortical CHRM1 loss and the appearance of hallmark Alzheimer's pathophysiologies, particularly mitochondrial structural and functional abnormalities. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the molecular, ultrastructural, and functional properties of cortical mitochondria using CHRM1 knockout (Chrm1-/-) and wild-type mice to identify mitochondrial abnormalities. Methods: Isolated and enriched cortical mitochondrial fractions derived from wild-type and Chrm1-/- mice were assessed for respiratory deficits (oxygen consumption) following the addition of different substrates. The supramolecular assembly of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-associated protein complexes (complex I-V) and cortical mitochondrial ultrastructure were investigated by blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. A cocktail of antibodies, specific to Ndufb8, Sdhb, Uqcrc2, Mtco1, and Atp5a proteins representing different subunits of complexes I-V, respectively was used to characterize different OXPHOS-associated protein complexes. Results: Loss of Chrm1 led to a significant reduction in cortical mitochondrial respiration (oxygen consumption) concomitantly associated with reduced oligomerization of ATP synthase (complex V) and supramolecular assembly of complexes I-IV (Respirasome). Overexpression of Chrm1 in transformed cells (lacking native Chrm1) significantly increased complex V oligomerization and respirasome assembly leading to enhanced respiration. TEM analysis revealed that Chrm1 loss led to mitochondrial ultrastructural defects and alteration in the tinctorial properties of cortical neurons causing a significant increase in the abundance of dark cortical neurons (Chrm1-/- 85% versus wild-type 2%). Discussion: Our findings indicate a hitherto unknown effect of Chrm1 deletion in cortical neurons affecting mitochondrial function by altering multiple interdependent factors including ATP synthase oligomerization, respirasome assembly, and mitochondrial ultrastructure. The appearance of dark neurons in Chrm1-/- cortices implies potentially enhanced glutamatergic signaling in pyramidal neurons under Chrm1 loss condition. The findings provide novel mechanistic insights into Chrm1 loss with the appearance of mitochondrial pathophysiological deficits in Alzheimer's disease.

Structural analysis and architectural principles of the bacterial amyloid curli

Two decades have passed since the initial proposition that amyloids are not only (toxic) byproducts of an unintended aggregation cascade, but that they can also be produced by an organism to serve a defined biological function. That revolutionary idea was borne out of the realization that a large fraction of the extracellular matrix that holds Gram-negative cells into a persistent biofilm is composed of protein fibers (curli; tafi) with cross-β architecture, nucleation-dependent polymerization kinetics and classic amyloid tinctorial properties. The list of proteins shown to form so-called functional amyloid fibers in vivo has greatly expanded over the years, but detailed structural insights have not followed at a similar pace in part due to the associated experimental barriers. Here we combine extensive AlphaFold2 modelling and cryo-electron transmission microscopy to propose an atomic model of curli protofibrils, and their higher modes of organization. We uncover an unexpected structural diversity of curli building blocks and fibril architectures. Our results allow for a rationalization of the extreme physico-chemical robustness of curli, as well as earlier observations of inter-species curli promiscuity, and should facilitate further engineering efforts to expand the repertoire of curli-based functional materials.

METHODS AND RESULTS OF STUDYING THE STRUCTURE AND TINCTORIAL PROPERTIES OF CATGUT THREAD

Suture material used in abdominal surgery must have more or less antigenic properties so that during wound healing it could be destroyed by an immune response to rejection, which is known to involve cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and macrophages. This, in turn, can lead to the development of aseptic peritonitis. Therefore, while planning an experimental simulation of aseptic peritonitis, we decided to use catgut thread as an antigenic stimulation of the local immune system. The aim of our research was to study the morphological criteria of the microscopic structure and tinctorial properties of catgut thread. The material of the research was the sterile catgut thread sized 2/0, 0.3 mm thick, of equal lengths, which we twisted arbitrarily into flat compact globules occupying an area of approximately 1 cm2. In order to carry out a histological examination, some catgut globules were subjected to total staining with a hematoxylineosin solution and subsequent embedding of these globules in a paraffin block and making appropriate sections from it. The other half of the catgut globules were studied using the method of epoxy plastination with the production of grinds with staining by a 1% solution of methylene blue on a 1% borax and without any staining. After the total staining of the catgut globules with a hematoxylin-eosin solution, a clear acidophilic reaction was revealed, which was manifested in the intense pink color. Catgut thread has a non-uniform fibrous structure, in which dark streaks stand out, dividing it into a series of longitudinal, lighter, layered fascicles, which consist of a dense collection of thin fibrillar elements. These fibrillar elements are orderly fascicles of collagen fibers, while the dark streaks are layers of loose fibrous connective tissue. These structures can objectively be indicative of morphological criteria in the microscopic analysis of destructive changes of a catgut implant in the peritoneal cavity in an experimental animal.

Assessing a potential to improve data quality for accelerated identification of microorganisms derived from positive blood cultures

Diagnostics of blood-borne infections is still an urgent problem of modern medicine. The main causative agents of septic conditions are gram-positive microorganisms particularly Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, etc., whereas clinical significance of isolated coagulase-negative staphylococci is ambiguous. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and other enterobacteria, as well as Acinetobacter baumannii prevail among the gram-negative flora. Modern possibilities of accelerated identification of microorganisms derived from positive blood cultures based on mass-spectrometry consist of two approaches. Firstly, the manufacturers developed consumables for mass spectrometry are proposed, and secondly, there are domestic developments of accelerated sample preparation protocols developed by microbiological laboratories. The approaches used have a number of advantages and disadvantages, but to summarize, the use of the proposed methods in routine practice is quite limited. At the same time, the need to accelerate the issuing a microbiological conclusion related to nosology is great being associated with improved outcomes. In this regard, the aim of the study was to evaluate convergence and accuracy of results for accelerated identification of microorganisms derived from positive blood cultures in blood-borne infections. The study included 87 positive blood cultures, the identification of pathogens from them occurred in four ways: the classical microbiological analysis of blood for sterility, pathogen identification directly from the vial without isolating a pure culture, as well as two sample preparation methods based on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate disubstituted (EDTA-K2) as wash additives. It was found that gram-positive and gram-negative flora were isolated from the blood almost evenly often. When evaluating an influence of biomaterial used for mass spectrometry, it turned out that use of wash additives increases chances of successful identification of bacteria from a blood sample. The influence of tinctorial properties on the results of determining the species assignment of isolates was also evaluated. Identification of gram-positive flora is more accurate, since some pathogens were not identified without washing additives, and when using EDTA-K2 and the corresponding acid, assignment to the genus was obtained in the same samples. A similar pattern was also characteristic of gram-negative flora. At the same time, modern manufacturers of laboratory equipment and reagents allow to standardize sample preparation procedures in the protocols used. The effects of EDTA-K2, which allowing to use it as a washing component, are associated with the binding of calcium and magnesium ions in solution, which reduces the adhesion of bacterial cells to blood cells, thereby contributing to better mass spectrometry of microbial sediments with accelerated identification of microorganisms from positive blood cultures. Thus, use of the described additives can provide high quality, timely and adequate diagnostics of serious and life-threatening conditions such as blood-borne infections.

Inhibitory Action of Low-Molecular Chitosan on Growth of Bacteria with Different Tinctorial Properties

Inhibitory Action of Low-Molecular Chitosan on Growth of Bacteria with Different Tinctorial Properties

Inhibitory Action of Low-Molecular Chitosan on Growth of Bacteria with Different Tinctorial Properties

Abstract—Inhibitory effect of chitosan (molecular mass 28 kDa, deacetylation 94%) and of its quaternized derivative with 60% substitution on bacteria of various taxonomic groups was investigated. Bacteria differing in the cell wall surface characteristics and affinity to dyes were found to differ in theri sensitivity to chitosan. Correlation dependencies between antibacterial activity of quaternized chitosan and the surface characteristics of bacterial cell walls were revealed.

Sanitary and microbiological significance and features of identification of Geotrichum candidum

In the presented work we have studied the sanitary-microbiological, veterinary and medical significance of the mycelial fungus Geotrichum candidum. Its morphological, cultural and tinctorial properties were determined, and the method of identifying mold fungi in the scotch preparation was optimized. Pure Geotrichum candidum culture was obtained and studied during the study of the fermented milk product matsoni, the number of hyphae of mold fungus was determined according to Howard, the quality and degree of spoilage of the food product of liquid consistency were assessed.

ТИНКТОРИАЛЬНЫЕ И МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ МИКРОБНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ ДЛЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОННОГО АТЛАСА В СИСТЕМЕ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОГО АНАЛИЗА

The authors present the results of automated analysis of gram positive and gram negative cocci and bacilli (Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria spp., Corynebacterium spp., Escherichia coli) for a database that facilitates detection of changes in normal microflora and diagnosis of disbiotic conditions of various human biotopes. Following the standard sample preparations and Gram staining, microbial smears were investigated using an automated and computerized analyzer developed by the Mintz Radio Engineering Institute in Moscow. Morphological and tinctorial analysis established significant differences in cell area, perimeter and limit. Significant differences in tinctorial properties of microbial cells make possible image research using the RGB and HSV color spaces. Automated analysis enables identification of microbial cells simultaneously by digital images of morphological and color/brightness parameters. The proposed techniques can be helpful in constructing an electronic microflora atlas of various human biotopes.

An in situ and in vitro investigation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusions reveals the absence of a clear amyloid signature

Introduction: Several neurodegenerative conditions are associated with a common histopathology within neurons of the central nervous system, consisting of the deposition of cytoplasmic inclusions of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). Such inclusions have variably been described as morphologically and molecularly ordered aggregates having amyloid properties, as filaments without the cross-β-structure and dye binding specific for amyloid, or as amorphous aggregates with no defined structure and fibrillar morphology. Aims and Methods: Here we have expressed human full-length TDP-43 in neuroblastoma x spinal cord 34 (NSC-34) cells to investigate the morphological, structural, and tinctorial properties of TDP-43 inclusions in situ. We have used last-generation amyloid diagnostic probes able to cross the cell membrane and detect amyloid in the cytoplasm and have adopted Raman and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopies to study in situ the secondary structure of the TDP-43 protein in the inclusions. We have then used transmission electron microscopy to study the morphology of the TDP-43 inclusions. Results: The results show the absence of amyloid dye binding, the lack of an enrichment of cross-β structure in the inclusions, and of a fibrillar texture in the round inclusions. The aggregates formed in vitro from the purified protein under conditions in which it is initially native also lack all these characteristics, ruling out a clear amyloid-like signature. Conclusions: These findings indicate a low propensity of TDP-43 to form amyloid fibrils and even non-amyloid filaments, under conditions in which the protein is initially native and undergoes its typical nucleus-to-cell mislocalization. It cannot be excluded that filaments emerge on the long time scale from such inclusions, but the high propensity of the protein to form initially other types of inclusions appear to be an essential characteristic of TDP-43 proteinopathies. KEY MESSAGES Cytoplasmic inclusions of TDP-43 formed in NSC-34 cells do not stain with amyloid-diagnostic dyes, are not enriched with cross-β structure, and do not show a fibrillar morphology. TDP-43 assemblies formed in vitro from pure TDP-43 do not have any hallmarks of amyloid.

A combined use of silver pretreatment and impregnation with consequent Nissl staining for cortex and striatum architectonics study.

Despite a rapid growth in the application of modern techniques for visualization studies in life sciences, the classical methods of histological examination are yet to be outdated. Herein, we introduce a new approach that involves combining silver nitrate pretreatment and impregnation with consequent Nissl (cresyl violet) staining for cortex and striatum architectonics study on the same microscopy slide. The developed approach of hybrid staining provides a high-quality visualization of cellular and subcellular structures, including impregnated neurons (about 10%), Nissl-stained neurons (all the remaining ones), and astrocytes, as well as chromatophilic substances, nucleoli, and neuropil in paraffin sections. We provide a comparative study of the neuronal architectonics in both the motor cortex and striatum based on the differences in their tinctorial properties. In addition to a comparative study of the neuronal architectonics in both the motor cortex and striatum, the traditional methods to stain the cortex (motor and piriform) and the striatum are considered. The proposed staining approach compiles the routine conventional methods for thin sections, expanding avenues for more advanced examination of neurons, blood–brain barrier components, and fibers both under normal and pathological conditions. One of the main hallmarks of our method is the ability to detect changes in the number of glial cells. The results of astrocyte visualization in the motor cortex obtained by the developed technique agree well with the alternative studies by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemical reaction. The presented approach of combined staining has great potential in current histological practice, in particular for the evaluation of several neurological disorders in clinical, pre-clinical, or neurobiological animal studies.

THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BLOOD CELL MORPHOLOGY AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL FEATURES IN RABBITS WITH CHRONIC OPISTHORCHIASIS

There are many preconditions for changes in erythropoiesis and leukopoiesis, changes in biochemical parameters of blood, hemostatic system in animals and humans under conditions of opisthorchiasis invasion. The purpose of the study was to analyze morphological and biochemical changes in the blood system in chronic opisthorchiasis using an experimental model of Oryctolagus cuniculus. The experiment was carried out on rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with modeling of chronic opisthorchiasis. The invasive dose was 50 Opisthorchis felineus metacercariae. The animals were divided into a control group (n=10) and an observation group (n=10). The morphological blood picture wich was studied by the standard method was compared with the previously obtained results of its biochemical analysis for the content of lactate dehydrogenase, muscle creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and uric acid. It was established that 1,5 years after infection of rabbits in the observation group, structural heteromorphism of leukocytes is manifested. Pseudo-eosinophils had toxic granularity in the cytoplasm. In 19,5% of pseudoeosinophils, both stab and segmented, vacuolization of the cytoplasm was noted. A significant number of forms of lympholysis (shadows of Botkin-Gumprecht-Klein) was found – 9,6% per 100 leukocytes. In the study of erythrocytes, the presence of poikilocytosis was established; the most common were acanthocytes, dacryocytes. In rabbits of the control group and the observation group, the differences in blood pH are non-significant. Microscopic observation in a thick blood drop revealed that in the control group erythrocytes in vitro retained passive mobility for 59,8±15,2 seconds, in the observation group this figure was 42,6±7,5 seconds, erythrocytes formed aggregates. The blood clotting time in the control group is 101,9±32,1 seconds, and in the observation group – 194,8±35,2 seconds, the differences are significant. A change in the tinctorial properties of the platelet chromomere was noted. Thus, in rabbits with experimentally induced chronic opisthorchiasis, morphological changes in blood cells are observed, a decrease in the activity of the coagulation system with associated changes in its biochemical parameters, which contributes to a more detailed understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of changes in the blood system in chronic opisthorchiasis.

Carboxytherapy affecting tissue healing in the experimental burns model

Objective: The following study highlights the experimental assessment of carboxy therapy affecting tissue regeneration with the standard IIIB degree burns among rats. All procedures were approved by the bioethics committee. Terminal procedures were conducted in accordance with EU directive on the protection of laboratory animals.Methods: The present study included 48 female Wistar rats (180-220g, 6-8 weeks old). Animals were obtained from Rappolovo nursery for laboratory animals. Rats were held under normal conditions of light, room temperature and humidity in laboratory vivarium. The animals were divided into two groups control and experimental (n=24). Each group underwent standard burns infliction. Experimental burn was modeled in each group according to standardized research method of the dermatotropic influence of medicines. Experimental group was treated with subcutaneous administration of 0.5 ml medical CО2 3 times in intact area approx. 0.5 cm from the edge of the lesion. In control group burns healed spontaneously. The fixation of the material and the production of micropreparations was carried out using standard histological techniques. Microscopic diagnostics included a semi-quantitative assessment of the tinctorial properties of collagen fibers, measurement of their linear parameters, as well as calculation of the specific area of the microvasculature in the subepidermal area of the regenerate.Results: After terminal procedures, tissue samples were collected and processed with standard histological protocol. The analysis included tinctorial assessment of the maturity rate of collagen fibers, their linear dimensions as well as assessment of area taken by capillaries in subepidermal region.Conclusions: Present study showed increased area taken by capillaries in the subepidermal part of the wound in carboxytreated rats compared to spontaneous healing. Collagen fibers reached intact-like structure by 14 days in experimental group, whereas spontaneous heling revealed mature collagen fibers by the day 21. Thus, carboxytherapy demonstrated a potential positive effect on the wound healing through the stimulation of microvasculature in regeneration area.

Microbiological quality control of wastewater by species identification of microorganisms using MALDI-TOF MS

Introduction. One of the main tasks of medical care for infectious diseases is the rapid identification of an infectious agent. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the MALDI mass spectrometry for identification bacteria for microbiological control of wastewater quality. Materials and methods. Samples of wastewater samples at the treatment stage from the Kuryanovskaya aeration station were analyzed in accordance with MU 2.1.5.800-99 “Management of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision of wastewater disinfection” by the identification method in accordance with MUK 4.2.1884-04 “Sanitary-microbiological and sanitary - parasitological water analysis of surface water bodies” with application MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results. 5 strains of museum reference cultures and 22 bacterial isolates from wastewater samples grown on selective media of Endo, Enterococcus and Chromococcus coliform agar were studied, identified by MALDI-TOF MS, and confirmed by sequencing of specific regions of the 16S rRNA gene in bacteria of the genus Salmonella by MALDI-TOF MS identified only gender. Conclusion. In the routine practice of microbiological research, the identification of microorganisms is based on the determination of their cultural, tinctorial properties, and biochemical activity, the determination of which requires large financial and time costs. The use of the MALDI-TOF MS method makes it possible to reduce the time of identification of a microorganism when visible growth of microorganisms appears.

Taxonomic composition, population level, and microecological parameters of microbiota of purulent content of the tympanic cavity in patients with chronic purulent mesotympanitis

Resume. To study the taxonomic composition, population level and microecological indices of the ecosystem "macroorganism-microbiota" of purulent contents of the tympanic cavity in patients with chronic purulent mesotympanitis.Materials and methods. The samples (ears discharge) taken from 78 patients (38-64 years old) with chronic purulent mesotympanitis were used in this study.A bacteriological examination of the selected samples was carried out by isolating and identifying microorganisms with the determination of their sensitivity to antibiotics. The bacteriological investigation included the study of morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties of isolated cultures by conventional methods. Inocula from the ear canals of 27 healthy people aged 35-62 years were a control group.To reveal the mechanisms of colonization (contamination) by microorganisms of the tympanic cavity and external auditory canal in patients with chronic purulent mesotympanitis used ecological method, which allowed to determine the biological characteristics of associative groups of microorganisms and coexistence processes of different groups of microbiota. The features of the species diversity and richness of the microbiocenosis were characterized by the value of the Margalef’s and Whittaker’s indices.The level of taxon dominance in the biotope was determined by the value of the species dominance of Simpson’s and Bɟrger-Parker’s indices [11]. The quantitative predominance of the taxon and its role in the formation of the microbiocenosis of the biotope was determined by the value of quantitative dominance.Results. The results show that the persistence index, the frequency of occurrence of the taxon, as well as the index of the species richness of Margalef and the species diversity of Whittaker, as well as the indices of species dominance of Simpson and Berger-Parker there is common in the content of the tympanic cavity - S. aureus. There’re not often found in the biotope S. epidermidis, C. xerozis, S. haemolyticus, E. faecalis, P. aeroginoza, P. vulgaris, C. albicans, A. niger, which according to these indices are accidental. In the course and development of chronic purulent mesotympanitis there is a contamination and colonization of the tympanic cavity by conditionally pathogenic staphylococci (S. aureus, S. haemolyticus), enterococci (E. faecalis), enterobacteria (P. vulgaris), candida and aspergillus. The leading agents of the purulent-inflammatory process in 23 (29.49 %) patients are S. aureus, S. hemolyticus and E. faecalis - in 13 (16.67 %) patients, P. aeroginoza - in 10 (12.82 %) patients, in 7 (8.47 %) patients- P. vulgaris, in 4 (5.13 %) patients - S. epidermidis, in 3 (3.85 %) patients - C. albicans in one patient (1.28 %) inflammatory process was caused by A. niger. In 4 (5.13 %) patients from the contents of the tympanic cavity, opportunistic pathogens were not isolated.Conclusion. The purulent-inflammatory process in the middle ear of patients with chronic purulent mesotympanitis is a polyetiological disease caused by conditionally pathogenic bacteria and fungi (S .aureus, S. hemolyticus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis, P. aeroginoza, P. vulgaris, C. albicans, A. niger). The leading agents of chronic purulent mesotympanitis are staphylococci (S. aureus, S. hemolyticus, S. epidermidis), enterococci, and pseudomonads. In most (94.87 %) of patients with purulent content, an association consisting of two microorganisms belonging to 12 different taxonomic groups persists. The microflora of the middle ear in patients with chronic purulent mesotympanitis is diverse in species composition, which must be considered for empiric antibacterial therapy.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LIVER IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE INVASION OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS IN RABBITS ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS

Morphological changes in the liver, as the main organ in which Opisthorchis felineus is localized, according to the literature, are characterized by significant structural differences in the acute and chronic phases of the disease. Comparative characteristics of the morphological changes in the liver in different phases of opisthorchiasis in the experiment in rabbits, such as Oryctolagus cuniculus, was not carried out. To simulate the acute and chronic phases of invasion, the animals were divided into two observation groups. The histological material was processed by standard methods, liver tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and according to Van Gieson to identify connective tissue structures. Histological preparations were studied by the methods of light-optical microscopy with immersion, video microscopy with morphometry. As a result of the study, it was found that in the acute phase of opisthorchiasis, the general infiltration of the portal tract area prevails compared to the infiltration of the bile duct wall, in the chronic phase, the thickness of the infiltrate of the bile duct wall approaches the total values. The cellular composition of infiltrates is characterized by the presence of lymphocytes, fibroblasts, epithelioid cells and cells of foreign bodies in both phases, if macrophages predominate in the acute phase of invasion, then fibrocytes and mast cells predominate in the chronic phase. Hepatocytes in the acute phase have disturbances in the tinctorial properties of the karyolemma and cytoplasm, mainly due to grain segregation. In the chronic phase of opisthorchiasis, polyploid hepatocytes are found. The connective tissue of the portal tract region in both phases quantitatively predominates in comparison with the connective tissue of the region of the boundary plates. The maximum amount of connective tissue in the area of ​​the portal tract in the chronic phase increases by 4.4 times compared with the acute phase of the parasitic disease. Thus, morphological changes in the liver of rabbits in different phases are characterized by both commonality and significant differences, consisting in different cellular composition of the invasion zone, the amount of connective tissue formed in different areas of the organ, and changes in hepatocytes.

Morphological prerequisites for the formation of fascial duplication in the elimination of damage to the anterior rectal wall during prostatectomy

Background Intraoperative rectal injury in prostatectomy patients is an uncommon but severe complication. Particular attention is paid to improving the results of healing damage to the anterior rectal wall during prostatectomy.Objective To study the morphological features of the parietal pelvic fascia and the rectal wall to substantiate the possibility of the formation of fascial duplication in the elimination of damage to the anterior rectal wall during prostatectomy.Material and Methods The authors carried out an intravital morphological analysis of the parietal pelvic fascia covering the levator rectum muscle and the anterior rectal wall in 10 men.Results The parietal pelvic fascia contains more powerful bundles of collagen fibers, which in certain areas are partially woven into the fibers of striated muscle tissue. The adventitia of the rectum is characterized by a looser arrangement of the interacting components of the formed connective and smooth muscle tissue. In the studied formations of the small pelvis, the thickness of collagen fibers separately and in the composition of bundles, as well as the cells of the differon and each fiber separately did not differ, which indicated the identity of their tinctorial properties in the compared zones.Conclusion Morphological analysis showed that when juxtaposing and touching the edges of the healing area of the surgical wound without tension, a stable and continuous scar of the fascial duplication is formed, which ensures reliable fusion of the stitched anatomical structures.

Assessment of the prospect for the use of colloidal silver nanoparticles for inactivation of Helicobacter pylori

Background. The growth of antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori, a microorganism significant in the development of gastrointestinal diseases and inflammatory periodontal diseases, makes us think about the search for new approaches to the eradication of the microorganism. One solution to this problem may be to develop immunobiological preparations based on microorganisms inactivated with colloidal silver nanoparticles (CSNPs).The aim. To evaluate the inactivating ability of colloidal silver nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo with respect to H. pylori to determine the possibility of their use in the development of a specific immunobiological preparation.Materials and methods. The study design consisted in sequential execution of the steps of synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles with an assessment of the conditionality of the prepared preparations; isolating and identifying pure H. pylori culture; inactivation of H. pylori by synthesized silver nanoparticles; evaluation of the result of H. pylori inactivation in vitro and in vivo.Results. The conditionality of the synthesized colloidal silver nanoparticles of size 30 ± 3 nm, obtained using a step-by-step technique, was estimated by electron microscopy. Testing the inactivating activity of CSNPs on H. pylori showed that their effect on the culture for 3 hours at a ratio of volumes of CSNPs and 1:1 culture leads to a gradual decrease in the concentration of the microorganism until its complete death and lack of growth on the fifth passage. During the evaluation of the effect of CSNPs on H. pylori, it was shown that the inactivated culture retains its cultural and tinctorial properties; alters morphological properties and biochemical activity; becomes more sensitive to antibiotics and L. acidophilus; ceases to establish in the body of mice with an immunosuppression condition.Conclusions. Proposed method of synthesis of silver nanoparticles with proven inactivating activity against H. pylori can become a stage of biotechnological process of development of vaccine preparation both on the basis of given microorganism and in complex with CSNPs possessing multilevel antimicrobial effect, antioxidant and immunomodulating activity.

Мікробіом приепітеліальної біоплівки товстої кишки білих щурів з експериментальним тиреотоксикозом

Актуальність. Мікробіом приепітеліальної біоплівки товстої кишки при безпосередньому контакті з організмом взаємодіє з імунною та іншими системами, що підкреслює актуальність його вивчення при різних захворюваннях. Мета дослідження — встановлення таксономічного складу, популяційного рівня, аналітичних мікроекологічних показників і ступеня порушень мікроекології приепітеліальної біоплівки товстої кишки білих щурів із тиреотоксикозом. Матеріали та методи. Проведені експерименти на 25 статевозрілих самцях білих щурів масою 220–240 г, з яких 15 тварин віднесено до контрольної групи (інтактні тварини), 10 щурів належали до основної групи. Моделювали експериментальний тиреотоксикоз шляхом внутрішньошлункового введення L-тироксину 14 днів. У стерильних умовах проводили лапаротомію, брали відрізок (до 3 см) товстої кишки з її вмістом. Відмиту частину кишки гомогенізували з стерильним 0,9% розчином хлориду натрію. Готували серію десятикратних розведень з концентрацією вихідної суміші від 10–2 до 10–7. З кожної пробірки 0,01 мл висівали на тверді оптимальні живильні середовища з наступним виділенням та ідентифікацією мікробів за морфологічними, тинкторіальними, культуральними та біохімічними властивостями. Результати. У частини тварин елімінують біфідобактерії та лактобактерії, а також бактероїди та ешерихії. Встановлено виражений дефіцит не тільки біфідобактерій — на 48,50 % і лактобактерій — на 94,59 %, а й бактероїдів — на 44,85 %. Визначення кількісного домінування кожного таксона показало, що домінуюча роль біфідобактерій у мікробіоценозі знижується на 82,76 %, лактобактерій — у 2,20 раза, а також знижується роль у мікробіоценозі приепітеліальної біоплівки товстої кишки білих щурів з експериментальним тиреотоксикозом бактероїдів — на 43,04 %, кишкової палички — на 7,18 %, але суттєво зростає роль умовно-патогенних ентеробактерій і стафілококів, які контамінували й колонізували слизову оболонку товстої кишки. Висновки. Експериментальний тиреотоксикоз супроводжується частковою елімінацією з біотопу приепітеліальної біоплівки товстої кишки біфідобактерій та лактобактерій, а також бактероїдів. Відбувається елімінація із слизової оболонки товстої кишки в усіх експериментальних тварин пептострептококів, клостридій та ентерококів, а також колонізація біотопу умовно-патогенними ентеробактеріями (протеями, клебсієлами) і стафілококами.