Tin Roof Research Articles

НОВІ ВІДКРИТТЯ, ПРОБЛЕМИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТА ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ПІДЗЕМНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ ДАВНЬОГО ГАЛИЧА

The long history of changing ideas is considered and the hypothesis of the urban structure of ancient Halych of the 12th-13th centuries is demonstrated. according to archaeological sources. Based on the analysis of stratigraphic, planning and construction-technological features, the relative chronology of the appearance of the 16 studied relics of monumental architecture was established. The earliest monuments of the first half of the 12th century are examined in detail: an ensemble of palace buildings with a post construction of log walls, the use of a plinth and a tin roof on Kryloska Hill, a complex of churches on Tsarynka, the Church of the Savior on Karpytsia Hill, as well as other objects, on which recent discoveries have been made. The appearance of early sacred objects outside the city is explained by the gradual Christianization of the population of Halych. Analysis of the construction periodization of the Dormition Cathedral in the middle of the 12th century. allows you to review its graphic reconstructions until now and raise the question of developing a new hypothesis of the three-dimensional appearance of the building during the first construction period, from which the recently found detail of a large alabaster ornamentally decorated capital with traces of false gilding comes from. The results of architectural and archaeological soundings at the outer contours of the foundations of the Panteleimon Church confirmed the presence of regular external protrusions of the foundations, which calibrates the construction of the object together with the early paleographic dates of the early 90s of the 12th century. Part makes it possible to argue the use of a measuring foot of 30 cm. Attention is drawn to the problems of preserving a number of known architectural and archaeological objects and the search for unknown monuments by non-invasive research methods.

1950s Women in Tennessee Williams' Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

1950s Women in Tennessee Williams' Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

오규원 후기 시의 생태적 특성 연구 - 브뤼노 라투르의 이론을 바탕으로 -

This paper focuses on how individual actors form connection networks by reading Oh’s late poetry through the lens of Latour’s theory. In Oh’s poems, each of the poets plays the role of an actor. For example, “Tin Roof and Spring Rain” shows the aging and decline of a tin roof. The “scattered” and “crushed” bird droppings interact with the tin roof and promote its corrosion. As spring rain interacts with the tin roof, it washes away its surface and strips away the rust. If bird droppings are agents that bring about changes in the tin roof that accelerate
 corrosion, the spring rains are agents that bring about changes that delay this corrosion. Thus, the aging and decay of the tin roof, the presence of bird droppings, and the diversity of spring rains are all caused by the interaction of these actors. The biofilm is an experiential de facto Earth, where we live alongside other organisms in a very thin membrane, approximately the size of the Earth’s epidermis. Latour describes the critical zone as almost a biofilm. Both terms imply that there is only a small part of the Earth that humans can walk on and understand. Water and Road 1” and Water and Road 2” can also be interpreted as poems exploring the meaning of life and the change created by the interconnectedness of water, trees, and birds. What makes Oh's “Water and Road 2” so special is that it shows that the connections between actors in nature are not a given (such as the laws of nature), but the result of a struggle for survival between actors. Through this struggle, they form a network of connections and live in a biofilm, a thin and precious survival space created over the years.

Intersections of Children’s Poetry, Popular Literature, and Mass Media: Fujimoto Giichi’s Adaptation of Holes in the Tin Roof like Stars from Tomo Fusako’s Poem to Radio Drama

This paper investigates largely unexplored aspects of the postwar Japanese media industry by tracing the cross-media developments that bloomed from a single poem written by an elementary school girl. Tomo Fusako, a poor elementary school student, wrote the poem “Outage” in 1951 as part of her schoolwork. Tomo’s teacher, Bessho Yasoji, selected Tomo’s work to be published in an original poetry journal featuring children’s writing. Her poems and essays were eventually reprinted in magazines, collected volumes, and even published in textbooks. In 1958, Fujimoto Giichi, an unknown university student at the time, adapted “Outage” into a radio drama and stage play. These works were then further adapted for TV dramas. Children’s essays and poems made for attractive content for the publishing industry and the emerging fields of commercial radio and television media. Fujimoto himself became a famous television host, though it impeded his literary career. Examining Tomo and Fujimoto’s relationship with literary production and media adaptation reveals a cultural world far removed from the literary establishment’s (that is, the bundan’s) view of literature.

Making Sense of Diseases and Disasters: Reflections of Political Theory from Antiquity to the Age of COVID

Making Sense of Diseases and Disasters: Reflections of Political Theory from Antiquity to the Age of COVID

MENDACITY - A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANGUISH OF SUBTERFUGE AND SELF-DECEPTION IN THREE PLAYS OF TENNESSEE WILLIAMS

Tennessee Williams is often referred to as one of 20th century Americas greatest playwrights, alongside the likes of Arthur Miller and Eugene ONeill. A staunch proponent of the realism movement, Williams is known for his enduring characters and their tragic stories. His contribution to the tumultuous literary climate of the 1940s with his distinctive, brutally honest, and emotionally complex voice, makes his work a riveting basis for research and analysis. This thesis explores the moral vision of Williams through the deceptive practices of his dramatic characters. Though illusion may be effective in disguising the bare ugliness of man, Williams emphasises the importance of mustering the courage to confront the truth, no matter what the situation. The struggle to accept truth as a necessary path to salvation is explored through the characters of three of his most iconic plays. The paper will attempt a cross-referential study amongst three of Tennessee Williams most acclaimed works Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955), A Streetcar Named Desire (1947), and The Glass Menagerie (1944) and will analyse and compare the presentation of mendacity, self-deception, and subterfuge through the contextual and historical factors that influenced the playwright, the nature of the characters, as well as his interpretation of the literary movements of social realism and existentialism.

Dao Strom’s Grass Roof, Tin Roof as Settler Refugee Critique

Dao Strom’s Grass Roof, Tin Roof as Settler Refugee Critique Michele Janette (bio) As the fiftieth anniversary of the “Fall of Saigon” approaches, and as the global displacement of peoples has persisted and indeed accelerated during these past five decades, two new developments in Asian American and refugee studies have emerged to help us, in the words of Aimee Bahng, “stay in the game and face the end times ethically” (Aimee Bahng and Thea Nagle). Scholars such as Evyn Lê Espiritu Gandhi, Candace Fujikane, Jonathan Okamura, Quynh Nhu Le, Dean Saranillio, Juliana Hu Pegues, and Iyko Day have begun to map the terrain of what Gandhi calls the “distinct yet overlapping modalities of refugee and Indigenous displacement, shaped by entangled histories of war, imperialism, settler colonialism, and US military violence” (2). Concurrently, the insights of Vietnamese diasporic artists and scholars who write from and through the expertise of refugees themselves have become increasingly important to navigating the complex, diasporic, transnational, and migratory futures that face us all. Scholars such as YӃn Lê Espiritu, Mimi Thi Nguyen, Long Bui, Catherine Fung, Marguerite Nguyen, Lan Duong, Ma Vang, and Viet Thanh Nguyen as well as writers and language artists such as Monique Truong, Bao Phi, Aimee Phan, Beth Nguyen, Lan Cao, and—again, this time in his role as Pulitzer Prize–winning fiction writer—Viet Thanh Nguyen, have proffered paradigm shifts in understanding refugees not as helpless victims in need of rescue by mighty nation-states, but as astute yet insufficiently recognized observers and critics of geopolitical and social dynamics who themselves understand the offer of refuge itself not as simple humanitarian generosity but also as a self-aggrandizing global alibi for continuing harm. Writer and musician Dao Strom has not, to date, been analyzed in relation to these critical currents, but I argue here that her 2003 [End Page 399] novel, Grass Roof, Tin Roof (GRTR), which predates much of the better-known work of the above scholars and writers, proleptically offers similar refashioning of the conventional refugee figure and interrogates settled narratives of western refuge and opportunity, enacting alternative engagements and epistemologies possible through critical refugee art. It does so in part through its depiction of refugee characters themselves, including primary narrator April, her brother Thien, and their mother, Tran. April, Thien, and Tran are part of the 1975 refugee exodus from Vietnam, spending several months in refugee camps in both Guam and California. In these ways, Strom’s narrative matches the outlines of many Vietnamese refugee stories. The family’s resettlement in California, however, is not the typical or familiar story of church sponsorships and Vietnamese kinship communities. April’s family does not leave Camp Pendleton for any “Little Saigon” enclave, nor is her citizenship tracked along the path of sponsorship by any church or blood relative. Instead, Tran marries a white immigrant from Denmark, Hus, and the blended family settles in the Sacramento area of California, where a third child is born: Beth. All of these plot points and characters are based on the author’s own family story. Strom fashions her family’s experiences into the interwoven and often internally fragmented stories that comprise Grass Roof, Tin Roof, with most chapters beginning with a first-person recollection from the point of view of April, who is based on Strom herself, and then continuing in third person, often nonlinear narratives focalized through the point of view of each family member: mother Tran, stepfather Hus, April, brother Thien, and sister Beth. Through the parts of the novel that offer a bildungsroman of refugee children April and Thien, Strom refashions the refugee figure to emphasize critical acumen and creative collaboration; through the parts of the novel that are focalized through stepfather Hus, Strom deconstructs white settler nostalgia and mythologies. Critical Refugee Refashioning Mainstream media and popular films have historically represented refugees anonymously, en masse, and voicelessly. Vietnamese refugees [End Page 400] of the 1970s in particular were iconically depicted as “boat people,” first crowded into overflowing boats seeking haven on the South China Sea, and then suffering in refugee camps, overwhelmed and under-resourced. They were “made recognizable,” as Marguerite Nguyen and Catherine Fung note, “by common signifiers...

ANXIETY AND DEFENESE MECHANISMS PORTRAYED IN “CAT ON A HOT TIN ROOF”

Born and raised in a poor family, a childless woman named Margaret who is a wife of an alcoholic, has an ambition for wealth which eventually causes her to live with anxiety. To suppress the anxiety, she uses defense mechanisms. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the anxiety and defense mechanisms portrayed through Margaret in the drama, entitled “Cat on a Hot Tin Roof”. This qualitative study analyzed the anxiety and defense mechanisms portrayed in one of the canonical drama of Tennessee Williams using psychological lens. The data describing Margaret's anxiety and defense mechanisms collected from this drama were revealed and interpreted descriptively in order to provide detailed explanation and deep understanding. This study identified that the anxiety experienced by Margaret was resulted from her ambition to inherit the wealth of her father-in-law. Poverty in her past life has led her to become ambitious to pursue her dreams of wealth. Besides, she got anxious about her inability to give a child to her husband. In consequence, her childlessness caused her to have anxiety. To cope with the anxiety, she used three types of defense mechanisms: (1) reaction formation, (2) displacement, and (3) denial. The female major character experiences anxiety about wealth and childlessness. To protect herself from the anxiety, she uses reaction formation, displacement, and denial as defense mechanisms.

The presence of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium knowlesi in near malaria elimination setting in western Indonesia

BackgroundIndonesia is progressing towards malaria elimination. To achieve this goal, intervention measures must be addressed to cover all Plasmodium species. Comprehensive control measures and surveillance programmes must be intensified. This study aims to determine the prevalence of microscopic and submicroscopic malaria in Langkat district, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in six villages in Langkat district, North Sumatera Province in June 2019. Data were recorded using a standardized questionnaire. Finger pricked blood samples were obtained for malaria examination using rapid diagnostic test, thick and thin blood smears, and polymerase chain reaction.ResultsA total of 342 individuals were included in the study. Of them, one (0.3%) had a microscopic Plasmodium malariae infection, no positive RDT examination, and three (0.9%) were positive for P. malariae (n = 1) and Plasmodium knowlesi (n = 2). The distribution of bed net ownership was owned by 40% of the study participants. The participants had a house within a radius of 100–500 m from the forest (86.3%) and had the housing material of cement floor (56.1%), a tin roof (82.2%), wooden wall (35.7%), bamboo wall (28.1%), and brick wall (21.6%).ConclusionMalaria incidence has substantially decreased in Langkat, North Sumatera, Indonesia. However, submicroscopic infection remains in the population and may contribute to further transmission. Surveillance should include the detection of microscopic undetected parasites, to enable the achievement of malaria elimination.

Fish diversity and Socio-economic Condition of Fishermen at the Halti Beel in Natore District, Bangladesh

This study was conducted to investigate the fish diversity and livelihood condition of fishermen community at Dangapara village of Halti beel, Singra, Natore. The socio-economic data were collected from 50 randomly selected fishermen using questionnaire survey between July and October 2019. In this study, a total of 43 fish species were recorded under seven orders, 20 families and 32 genera. Majority of fishermen were illiterate (44%), about 28% fishermen could sign only, 24% and 4% fishermen were completed primary and secondary education, respectively. Among them 79% were Muslims and 21% were Hindus. The majority of fishermen had mud house with straw and tin roof while 56% household used tin roof, 34% household used tin shed with tin roof, only 10% household used straw. Fishermen annual income was between 30001 to 40000 BDT. About 66% household had kacha toilets, 30% household had semi paka toilets, only 4% household had no sanitary facilities. The most of the households (78%) were used electricity as their energy source. The majority of fishermen (64%) were received health service from village doctors. About 44% fishermen was directly engaged in fishing as their main occupation while 26% and 24% fishermen were engaged in labor and agriculture activities, only 8% fishermen was engaged in other professions. Bangladesh J. Zool. 50 (1): 37-49, 2022

Monitoring and Regulation of Indoor Conditions

This paper presents research of energy performance analysis performed by Building Energy Management System (BEMS). BEMS is a system/platform integrated with building and it is an enormous improvement in a process to develop nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB). Near zero energy consumption stands for energy efficient idea of energy independent buildings for their function during their life time. Here, BEMS with function of monitoring and regulation of cooling energy demand is developed. BEMS regulates function of ventilation fan in area below tin roof and improves working conditions by inside building temperature reduction during summer period. Described technical solution is designed inside RESCUE IPA CBC project.

Homophobia and Family - Leading to Isolation in Tennessee Williams’ Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955) by Tennessee Williams is a play about the Pollitt family of the Mississippi Delta and the lies and uncertainty in the family relationships surfacing due to the fight for the land which leads all the characters trapped in human extremities of emotions and isolation. This research paper explores the important themes of Homophobia and Sexual Repression along with the messed-up family relationships leading to human isolation and psychological implications for each member of the family.

A Feminist Reading of Tennessee Williams’ Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

The present article aims to study Williams’ play from a feminist perspective, focusing on the life of its female protagonist – Maggie. It endeavors to reveal why Maggie, the cat, is virtually the most vulnerable character of the play, despite her beauty, intelligence, and resoluteness. The central questions of the research are: Why Maggie is the weakest link in the three couples of the family including herself and Brick, Mae and Gooper, and Big Mama and Big Daddy? To what extent does Maggie manage to perform the tasks assigned to her by the male-dominated capitalist society? What does she do to get over the sense of ‘otherness’ and rejection? Adopting a feminist critical standpoint, the researcher concentrates on the relation among Maggie and the other members of the family, her husband in particular, and tries to disclose the power structure as well as the source of power in the family. Concepts such as family background, gender, performativity, victimization, illusion, and male-chauvinism are deemed significant. The present research shows that if a woman cannot live up to the expectations and performances set by dominant males, she is considered a misfit and a liability, even though she is white, married, middle-class, and intelligent. Everyone blames Maggie for not bearing a child or for the estranged relation between her and her husband, although everyone knows (or at least suspects) that Brick is impotent and a homosexual day-dreamer. Surprisingly, Brick’s homosexuality and alcoholism are attributed to Maggie’s alleged frigidity and lack of womanly affection. It implies that in the eyes of the family members, and the society as a whole, Maggie fails to perform her tasks as a responsible, caring, and child-bearing wife.

English

Mycotoxins constitute a real problem of public health because of their highly toxic effects for the populations. This study aims to evaluate the practices that favor aflatoxins and ochratoxin A development in rice sold on the markets of Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire). A food consumption survey was conducted among 45 traders and 135 consumers of rice in three markets in Abobo and Cocody communes. A simple, open-ended questionnaire was submitted to the rice traders and consumers. It covered socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, level of education), location and conditions of storage, place of supply, and knowledge of mycotoxins. Following the survey, 20 samples of rice, prized by the population, were collected and analyzed. Total aflatoxin and ochratoxin A levels were determined using HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry. The results revealed that all traders were unaware of the existence of mycotoxins. The storage and marketing of rice are housed in very unhygienic premises (lack of brick walls in some cases, poor quality tin roof, premises not swept regularly). Most traders renew their rice stocks over an average of one to two months (66.66% in Abobo; 79.99% in Cocody) and prefer to buy their supplies from large stores and other markets in Abidjan. Aflatoxin B1 (0.75±0.05 µg/kg) and total aflatoxin (1.73±0.34 µg/kg) were detected in the rice samples from Abobo market. The presence of Aflatoxins in rice could be related to poor post-harvest practices identified.  Key words: Rice, total aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, practices, Abidjan.

Tennessee Williams’s lyrical drama

Critics, scholars and readers alike have hailed Tennessee Williams as the greatest Southern playwright and one of the most distinguished dramatists in the history of American drama. He is indisputably the most renowned American playwright of the second half of the 20th century. This article endeavors to make an overview of Tennessee Williams’s lyrical drama, focusing on its main features such as characterization, art, language, major themes represented in his plays, etc. Williams introduced the innovative concept of the Plastic Theater into the American drama, which combined all elements of production- dialogue, action, setting, lighting, even props - in a unified and symbolic expression of truth. Williams was a very prolific playwright, poet and prose writer but his three plays- The Glass Menagerie, his most experimental play; A Streetcar Named Desire, his masterpiece; and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, his most popular play- have entered and captivated the imagination of theater audiences for generations.

A Morality of Mendacity: The Southern Aristocratic Code of Honor in Tennessee Williams's A Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

Tennessee Williams’s A Cat on a Hot Tin Roof centers Brick Pollitt; he is filled with disgust because he feels that he is a truthful man surrounded by liars and schemers. Each character has a different concept of truth and morality, Brick's being the most rigid in definition, and it is this rigidity that causes Brick’s personal crisis. By exploring Satrean existentialism, the foundations of Brick’s crisis are revealed as rooted in an inability to act in alignment with his preconceived identity. Intersecting this personal crisis is America’s idealized conception of childhood homoeroticism as well as Alfred Kinsey’s study Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, both of which inform Brick’s relationship with his late best friend. Brick rejects the social world instead of accepting complication, but is still asked to participate in his family structure. His wife and his father simultaneously uphold and subvert the strict structures of the American South; they find ways to accept complication in their own lives, especially when finding themselves in a socially marginalized position. While Brick’s privilege has protected him from facing the painful yet necessary complexities of being alive, Maggie and Big Daddy accept truth as subjective and make space for human complexity.

Cat on a hot tin roof (a nephrology zebra).

Cat on a hot tin roof (a nephrology zebra).

MARGARET’S EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL LONELINESS IN TENNESSEE WILLIAM’S “A CAT ON THE HOT TIN ROOF”

This study concentrates to analyze Margaret’s character about loneliness that experience by her in Tennessee William’s a Cat on the Hot Tin Roof. Loneliness is unpleasant situation that experience by someone when the one’s desire or ambition is not equivalent in social relationship. Furthermore, the source of the data is telling about someone who experiences loneliness which contains the type of loneliness, effect of loneliness and the effort to overcome from loneliness, consequently the theory of loneliness is chosen. Besides that, this study is qualitative design because the data are collected in the form of words. The data of this study are narrator’s explanations and the character’s utterances related to the loneliness experienced by Margaret and the writer has function as the key instrument in this research. According to the analysis of the drama, the writer has finds the answer of the research problem, that are types and effect of Margaret’s loneliness and Margaret’s effort to overcome or coping loneliness in Tennessee William a Cat on the Hot Tin Roof. There are two types of Margaret’s loneliness, they are emotional and social loneliness. Firstly, Margaret’s emotional loneliness is her unsatisfactory relation with Brick. She does not get intimate relation from Brick. Therefore, she cannot get unpleasant situation from Brick. Secondly, Margaret’s social loneliness, she as a part of Brick’s family is not respected and accepted in the family due to her childless and Brick’s addiction to liquor. Effects of Margaret’s loneliness. She transforms to be rude and frantic, she becomes talkative person, and the last effect is she has much power to be brave person. Margaret’s effort to overcome her loneliness, she tries to understand Brick’s situation and attitude to get attention and more communication with him.

A child of the slums.

I scrambled up a ladder to the tin roof of our house, clutching a book about the evolution of animals. I was 10 years old, and I'd just finished cooking dinner for my entire family—a task that was my daily responsibility. From my perch, I could look out at the slum where we lived in a small town in India. But that wasn't what drew me to the roof: We didn't have any lamps in our house, so I needed sunlight to read my book. I didn't know it at the time, but that study routine was my ticket to a career as a scientist.

People of the Water: El Río, The Shape of Water, and the Rights of Nature1

In the summer of 2018, I attended the debut of Juan Carlos Galeano’s documentary film, El Río: The River (2018) in the community center of Padre Cocha, a small village near Iquitos, Peru. A heavy rain was falling loudly on the tin roof throughout the screening, but no one seemed to mind as the Shawi and Kokama people who appear in the film watched cinematically stunning scenes of the rivers where they live, the Amazon and Nanay. They were the stars of this film and listened as their elders, friends, shopkeepers, and neighbors told ancient, but still commonly heard stories about “protector beings” who watch over and lovingly protect aquatic life, including fish, dolphins, manatee, snakes, cetico trees, and the entangled mangroves that grow thick along the banks, sheltering new life. Philosopher, shaman, and Shawi elder Rafael Chanchari Pisari, who narrates El Río, begins the film by introducing one...