Tin Mining Land Research Articles

Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedelai Edamame (Glycine max (L) Merill) Terhadap Pemberian Kombinasi Legin dan Kompos di Media Tailing Pasir Pasca Tambang Timah

Post tin mining land in Bangka Belitung can still be utilized as agricultural land with the application of various soil amandment including the combination of compost and legin. The compost provide organic matter for the soil and legin provide rhizobium to maximize nitrogen fixation in the soil. Post tin mining land improved with compost and legin combination can be used potentially for the development of edamame soybean commodities which are widely known as adaptive plant on suboptimal land. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of compost, legin dose and the best combination of both compost and legin on the growth and the yield of edamame soybeans in sand tailing media. This research had been conducted in February-August 2023 at the Experimental and Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Bangka Belitung. This study used a field experimental method with a Factorial Randomized Group Design with the first factor was the dose of legin, consists of 3 treatment levels, namely: L0: No treatment (Control), L1: 10 g legin, L2: 12 g legin. The second factor was the type of compost consisting of 3 treatment levels, namely: P1: Cow dung compost, P2: rice husk compost, P3: Commercial compost. There were 9 treatment combinations that were replicated 4 times. Each experimental unit had 6 plants so that 216 plant populations were obtained and 144 plants were obtained as samples. The results showed that the dose of 12 g legin had the highest effect on edamame growth and 10 g legin treatment had the highest effect on edamame yield. Commercial compost treatment had the best effect to edamame growth, while rice husk compost had the best effect to edamame yield. The combination of rice husk compost and 10 g legin was the treatment combination that showed the best growth and yield of edamame soybean plants in sand tailing media of post tin mining. Keywords: Edamame, rice husk, compost, legin, sand tailings

Natural radionuclide content in horticulture plants from former tin mining land and health risk assessment: A case study on Bangka Belitung Island, Indonesia

As a tin producer in Indonesia, Bangka Belitung has abandoned tin mining land containing natural radionuclides, and its use for cultivating horticultural crops has health risks. The aim of the research was to determine the contribution of former tin mining land to natural radionuclide contamination in horticultural products and to assess the radiation hazards by determining the annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR). The methodology includes sampling vegetables, fruit, and tubers from several villages in Bangka. Measurement of natural radionuclides using a Gamma Spectrometer at their specific energy. The research results showed that the radionuclides Ra-226, Th-232, K-40 were found in vegetables, fruit, and tubers samples. The highest Ra-226 was found in bitter melon and spinach, Th-232 in cassava leaves, spinach, and bitter melon, while K-40 in bitter melon, spinach, cassava leaves, papaya leaves, mustard greens. The activity rank of Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 is shown in tubers > vegetables > fruit. The total annual effective dose (AED) from vegetable and fruit consumption is 0.6330 mSv/year, as recommended by UNSCEAR (1 mSv/year), except consumption of tubers (galangal). The ELCR value of vegetable, fruit, and cassava (tubers) consumption is 1.08x10−3; 0.75x10−3; and 0.42x10−3, as recommended by the ICRP.

“Seberang Bersatu” Community Forest Group’s Strategy in Rehabilitating Forests and Former Tin Mining Land

Environmental damage due to tin mining that is not accompanied by environmental preservation in Juru Seberang Village, Belitung Regency, which causes loss of biodiversity and increases the vulnerability of coastal residents requires a strategy to strengthen Ecological Citizenship through rehabilitating forests and ex-tin mine forests and land, namely, by conducting socialization to the community in achieving the strategy of strengthening ecological citizenship. The results show that there are several inhibiting factors and supporting factors in the process of achieving strategies for strengthening Ecological Citizenship through the HKm group. Among these factors, the amount of assistance from various parties such as the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), Peat and Mangrove Restoration Agency (BRGM), Regional Development Planning Agency, CSAR, BUMN, and so on is the most important factor. The community of the community has a strong belief in the community to always protect the environment and care more about the environment, and the community is the main source of support for the management of marine protected areas.

POTENSI KESESUAIAN JENIS TANAMAN PADA AREAL LAHAN PASCATAMBANG TIMAH (STUDI KASUS DI KECAMATAN SUNGAI SELAN KABUPATEN BANGKA TENGAH PROVINSI BANGKA BELITUNG)

In addition to providing benefits, mining activities can result in physical, chemical, biological and marginal changes for plant growth. Criteria of plants used for revegetation of land mines are rapidly growing in the neighborhood marginal, allowing other types of grow on the land, producing fruits that are easily spread by birds, and producing a litter easier undergoing decomposition. This research aims to know the biodiversity and natural vegetation types of suitability identification for revegetation land post-mining tin. Observation of post-mining land was carried out to identify the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the type, density, and distribution of vegetation in the observation plots. Analysis of the suitability of vegetation types with rehabilitation land refers to the criteria in Permenhut No P.4/Menhut-II/2011 with modifications. Soil texture on former tin mining land was dominated by sand, is acidic, and has low nutrients. There were 35 types of plants found, ten species of trees and three types of shrubs among them, which have the potential to be used in revegetating post-tin mining land, namely. i.e., the Acacia mangium, Syzygium buxifolium, Syzygium racemosum Blume, Schima wallichii, Trema orientalis, Eugenia sp., Alstonia angustifolia, Ficus padana, Alstonia scholaris, Vitex pinnata L, Syzygium sp, Melastoma malabthricum dan Melastoma polyanthum.

Study of soil–to–plant transfer factors (TFs) of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K on plants cultivated on ex–tin mining land in Bangka Belitung, Indonesia

Soil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) are of fundamental importance in measuring the environmental impact due to the presence of radioactivity in soil and agricultural crops. The present study thus to measure soil-to-plant TFs of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K on horticultural plants cultivated on ex–tin mining land in Bangka Belitung islands. There were 21 samples of 15 species and 13 families from 17 locations comprising four vegetables species, five fruits species, three staple foods species, and three others. The TFs were measured in leaves, fruit, cereal, kernel, shoot, or rhizome. The results showed that 238U and 137Cs were almost not found in plants, whereas 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were measured. In soursop leaf, common pepper leaf, and cassava peel, on 226Ra, the TFs for the non–edible parts, (0.42 ± 0.02; 1.05 ± 0.17; 0.32 ± 0.01 respectively) were significantly higher than soursop fruit, common pepper seed, and cassava root for the edible parts (0.01 ± 0.005; 0.29 ± 0.09; 0.04 ± 0.02 respectively).

Stomata of Grass in The Ex Tin-Mining Land in Bangka

Tin-mined land experiences drought, high light intensity, and temperature which is less supportive of plant growth. The study observed the anatomical responses of grasses leaves. This study aims to measure stomatal density, stomatal index, guard cell length, and guard cell width of three grass species that grow naturally in ex tin-mined land and in undisturbed land. Description method carried out based on the paradermal incision resulted in the wholemount method. The results showed each grass species has a different response to their different habitats. The stomatal density of Imperata cylindrica and Paspalum conjugatum collected from ex tin-mined land were higher than to those plants collected from undisturbed land, however the stomatal density in Scleria levis showed the opposite result. Stomatal index of all three species increases in ex tin-mined land were higher than in undistributed land. Guard cell lengths of I. cylindrica and P. conjugatum were smaller than those in undistributed land, but Scleria levis showed the opposite result. Guard cell width of I. cylindrica and S. levis were wider than those in undistributed land, but P. conjugatum showed the opposite result. These responses may reflect their adaptiveness to tin soils.

Weed composition and maize yield in a former tin-mining area: A case study in Malim Nawar, Malaysia

Abstract Weed species composition has been assessed for major crops such as rice, rubber, and oil palm but not for cash crops in Malaysia. In this study, we determine the associations between maize yields and weed species, weed density, mean temperature, and mean rainfall. Annual field surveys of weeds were conducted in maize (Zea mays L.) in a former tin-mining land in Malim Nawar, Perak, Malaysia, during June of 2017, 2018, and 2020 to determine the effects of weeds on maize yields. The field surveys in 2017, 2018, and 2020 involved 120 quadrats (0.5 m × 0.5 m) with 40 replicates. Fifteen species were observed, representing 14 genera and 9 families and consisted of 9 broadleaves, 3 grasses, and 1 sedge. Phytosociological characteristics, namely, frequency, relative frequency, density, relative density, abundance, and relative abundance, were used to analyze weed species composition at the study site. The species with the highest mean density and relative abundance were Cyperus sp., followed by Amaranthus viridis, Eleusine indica, Hedyotis corymbosa, and Phyllanthus amarus. These five species accounted for 65% of the total relative abundance. Individual broadleaf, sedge, and grass weed types were compared between paired years using a two-proportion z-test. The variation in number of individuals in each group was significant between 2017 and 2018, 2018 and 2020, and 2017 and 2020. The relationship between maize yield and mean rainfall, mean temperature, and weed species was analyzed using a general linear model, none of which affected maize yields. The results of this study provide a foundation for practical weed management in maize fields in Malaysia, thereby contributing to sustainable agriculture and food security.

Vegetation on ex-tin mining in Mempayak village, Manggar district, Belitung regency and its utilization

The former tin mining land in Mempayak Village in Belitung Regency created a basin that becomes water catchment area when it rains and becomes a source of clean air during the dry season. The heavy rain occurred in 2017 brought vast amounts of soil material depending on the ex-mining basins in this village. This study aims to inventory of vegetation that grows and discusses its use by the communities around the Mempayak Village. Vegetation that succeeded in changing 34 species grouped into 20 families and 31 genera. Vegetation in this former tin mining land has benefits as a raw material for making a single drug without mixture (34 species), food (2 species), roofing material (1 species), cutting tools (1 species), chicken feed (1 species), and straws (1 species). Vegetation body parts that are useful for the above purposes include: roots (2 species), petiolus (1 species), shoots (1 species), leaf blades (2 species), young stems (2 species), old stems (2 species), and all parts of the plant body (14 species), and unknown parts of the plant body used by the surrounding community (9 species). The success of vegetation on ex-mining land has been taking place by spending a variety of types and diverse uses by the people of Mempayak Village, Manggar District, Belitung Regency. Efforts to manage the area and manage vegetation are needed to protect the preservation of vegetation on ex-tin mining land and work carried out at high speed.

Growth and yield of edamame soybean in post-tin mining land with application of Rhizobium bacteria and organic fertilizer

Post tin mining land in Bangka Island can be utilized as agricultural land with the application of organic fertilizer and Rhizobium. Organic fertilizer and Rhizobiumare the right combination to provide a good planting environment for edamame soybean. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of organic fertilizer and Rhizobium the growth and yield of edamame soybean in post tin mining land. This research was conducted in a post-tin mining land, Bangka, from January to May 2020. This research used a split-plot randomized complete block design. The main plot was an application of Rhizobium (legin) consisting of without Rhizobium (R0) and Rhizobium (R1). The subplot was the application of organic fertilizer consisting of empty palm fruit bunch (P1), husk (P2), and commercial compost (P3). The results showed that commercial compost gave the best effect on plant height, the number of leaves, chlorophyll content, weight of 100 seeds, number and weight of pods per plant, number and volume of roots. Rhizobium gave the best effect on the numbers of roots, root volume, and percentage of effective root nodules. The combination of husk and Rhizobium legin gave the best effect on the flowering day of edamame soybean in post tin mining land.

Study of the utilization of ex-tin mining land for agriculture: analysis of land potential and constraints faced

The reclaimed ex-mining land has the potential for agricultural development. This study aims to analyze the potential of existing tin mining land for agricultural purposes and identify the current ex-mining land status and constraints/problems in its utilization. The study was conducted in Bangka Belitung Province in 2016, with a sample of farmers who took part in ex-tin mining activities and official respondents from various institutions/agencies related to the study. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The study results show that in the research site, the tin mining business permit (IUP) area (in 2012) was 473.99 thousand ha and around 7,000 ha of ex-mining land has been reclaimed and allowed for planting food crop commodities. However, the community faces several problems in using the ex-mining land, namely land legal status, soil fertility, farmer resource availability, farmers’ skill in farming on ex-mining land and limited farming capital. The clarity of the legal status of the use of ex-mining land is essential to support community interest and increase the use of ex-tin mining land as well as program support from the government in the form of assistance and infrastructure for farming development.

Characterization of chemical content tailings sand and water from the tin post-mining in Merawang Subdistrict, Bangka Regency

The characteristics of the six sand samples taken from the location of the former tin mining land on average contain heavy metals such as Ti, Sn, Mn, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cu, and As. Nb rare earth metal contains all sand samples except PDTF 1. The highest content is in the PDTF 2 sample which is 103 ppm. While the Y metal content is found in samples of PDTF 2A, 3, 3A, and 4. The highest content for Y metal is in the sand sample PDTF 3A with levels of 59 ppm. The largest metal content of the six samples is generally iron (Fe) and followed by sulfur (S). There are only a few samples that contain element V, namely in samples 2A, 3A and 4. The highest Fe content is in the water sample PDTF 2A which is 0.953 mg / L. This value is not much different from the Fe content in the PDTF 1 sample (0.923 mg / L). Sand samples in PDTF 3 A have the highest Fe content but water close to the PDTF 3A sampling location has the lowest Fe content compared to the other five samples.

Optimization of maize (Zea mays L) cultivation in post tin mining land

Post tin mining land can be used as agriculture land with ameliorant application and plant spacing modification. This research aimed to study the ameliorant type and plant spacing that affects the growth and yield of maize in post tin mining land. This research was conducted in Post-Tin mining land, Bangka, from February to May 2020. This research used Factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was ameliorant application consisted of Topsoil (K1), N, P, K + Topsoil (K2), Block compost of cassava peel waste + Topsoil (K3). The second factor was plant spacing (30cm x80 cm (J1); 50 cmx60 cm (J2); 70 cmx40 cm(J3)). The result showed that ameliorant application gave a significant effect on the growth and yield of maize parameters in post tin mining land. Plant spacing gave the best effect on cop production/ha, dry seed weight, and dry seed production/ha. NPK + Topsoil ameliorant with 30 cm x 80 cm plant spacing gave the best interaction on leaves number, cop diameter, and dry seed weight of maize in post tin mining land.

Pemanfaatan Lahan Pasca Tambang Timah dengan Budidaya Sawi

<p class="Abstract">Culture crop technology with ameliorant and mulch can fulfill nutrients to improve growth of mustard on post tin mining land. This research aimed to know the effect of various ameliorant and mulch for growth of mustard on post tin mining land. The method used was experimental method with factorial completely randomize design with four replications. First factor was type of ameliorant, consist of compost, and cow manure. The second factor was type of mulch, consist of no mulch, reed mulch, and black silver plastic mulch. The results showed that type of ameliorant significantly affected number of leave, root volume, root wet weight and root dry weight. Type of mulch significantly affected plant height, number of leave, shoot wet weight and root dry weight. Interaction of ameliorant and mulch significantly affected plant height, number of leave, root volume, shoot wet weight, root wet weight and root wet weight. Compost with black silver plastic mulch tended to give better results for growth of mustard on post tin mining land.</p>

The Effect of Tin Mining on Soil Damage in Pedindang Sub-Watershed, Central Bangka Regency

The practice of tin mining, especially in the Pedindang Sub-Watershed, Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Province was not carried out carefully and protectively because it produced soil damage or land degradation. The purpose of this study was to examine soil properties, particularly soil physical properties, and soil damage in the Pedindang Sub-Watershed with various land uses, namely tin mining, forests, dryland agriculture and thicket shrubs-bushes, on various slope classes. The properties of the soil studied were the content of organic matter, sand, silt, clay; bulk density; porosity, and soil permeability. Compared to other land use (forest, dryland agriculture and shrubs) in the Pedindang Sub-Watershed area, tin mining land use show the worst soil properties. Soils in tin mining land use were degraded, has very low organic matter content; the lowest clay content; the highest soil density as indicated by high bulk density and low soil porosity; and the highest sand content so that it can be understood if it has the highest and very fast soil permeability.

Environmental site engineering and integrated bio-cycles management for rehabilitation of degraded tin mining land in tropical ecosystem

Indonesia is known as the emerald of equator that has high values of natural resources although it also has a huge disaster risk. It is because Indonesia is located in the strategic areas, namely: (i) the equator, (ii) ring of fire, and (iii) earth plates of Eurasian, Pacific & Indo Australia. Mining activities of natural resources in tropical region exposes carbon and heavy metals and thus are the main cause of severe local, regional, and global environmental damage. The change of national economic development from extraction to empowerment of natural resource will facilitate shifting paradigm from red & green economic to blue economic concept that more smart, global, focus, and futuristic. Site engineering on critically degraded land through land preparation, soil amendment & biofertilizer could facilitate a better rehabilitation of mining land and have added value on environment, economy, sociocultural and health aspect. Synergism to genetic engineering using fast-growing species (indigenous and exotic) will improve success rate of land rehabilitation. An integrated bio-cycle management for managing land resources (i.e., soil, water, mineral, air, and microclimate) and biological resources (i.e., fauna, flora, and human) is an important strategy for sustainable productivity in protective tropical ecosystems.

Pertumbuhan Tanaman Lada (Pipper nigrum L.) Umur Satu Tahun pada Lahan Bekas Tambang dengan Penambahan Dosis Pupuk Hayati yang Berbeda

Badriah B, Inonu I, Asriani E. 2019. Growth of one year old pepper (Pipper nigrum L.) in post tin mining land using different dosage biofertilizer. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal: Journal of Suboptimal Lands. 8(2):117-125. The yield of pepper as important spice plant has been decreased due to the reduction of pepper planting area which are converted into tin mining area. One effort can be done is utilizing suboptimal lands that has low soil fertility. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of biofertilizer dosage on one year old pepper to growth in post tin mining land. This research had been conducted from February 2018 until June 2018 in post tin mining land owned by PT Timah at Dwi Makmur Village, Bangka. The research used expremental method with Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with single factor. The factor was biofertilizer dosage: (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 5,0; 10,0; and 15,0 g/L/plant). The result showed enrichment biofertilizer significantly effect on chlorophyll content and number of branch, but not significantly on plants height, number of nodes, and leaf area. The treatment dosage 10 g/L/plant (1x108 cfu) was the best inclined result growth of one year old pepper plant in post tin mining land.

Short Communication: The diversity of butterflies (Superfamily Papilionoidea) as a success indicator of tin-mined land revegetation

Abstract. Wiranti D, Nurtjahya E, Dahelmi. 2019. Short Communication: The diversity of butterflies (Superfamily Papilionoidea) as a success indicator of tin-mined land revegetation. Biodiversitas 20: 1923-1928. Some former tin-mining areas in Belitung District have been revegetated. With the increase of vegetation age, the environmental quality changes, and so does the diversity of insects living in the vegetated areas. The objective of this study was to propose the use of butterfly diversity as a success indicator of tin-mined land revegetation. The research was conducted at six locations in Belitung District, consisting of one tin-mined land that had not been revegetated, four revegetated tin-mined lands with different ages of vegetation, namely 1-5 years, 5-10 years, 10-20 years, more than 20 years, and primary forest in Gunung Tajam. The research used the Pollard walk method and specimens were obtained using insect nets. The results showed that the highest diversity of butterflies was recorded in primary forest (31 species), followed by vegetated mined lands with the following ages of vegetation: > 20 years (21 species), 10-20 years (15 species), 5-10 years (14 species ), and 1-5 years (7 species), and the lowest diversity was found in tin-mined land that had not been revegetated (2 species). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index in tin- mined land that had not been revegetated was low, namely 0.56 while in the revegetated tin mined land was medium, i.e., 1.47 – 2.96 and in primary forest was high, i.e., 3.2. The diversity of butterflies in revegetated land increased with the increasing age of vegetation, and the community similarity index between revegetated land and forest also increased with the increasing age of vegetation. Therefore, the diversity of butterflies may be used as a success indicator of revegetation in former tin mining areas.

PERTUMBUHAN DAN KADAR KLOROFIL DAUN Acacia mangium PADA LAHAN BEKAS TAMBANG TIMAH DI PULAU BANGKA

Tin-mined land has sandy characteristics (more than 95%), is very porous, low KTK, acidic pH and nutrient poor. Revegetation programs have been carried out to improve soil fertility using local and exotic species (Acacia mangium). Rapid growth, tolerance to various environmental conditions and high economic value are the reasons for choosing A. mangium as a revegetation plant. This study aims to analyze the growth and chlorophyll content of A. mangium leaves which grow in two locations of tin-mined land (Tanjung Ratu Village and Rebo Village). The results showed that A. mangium which was grown on a younger tin mined land (in Tanjung Ratu Village) showed an increase in root dry weight, root length, number of root nodules, and decreased leaf chlorophyll levels. On older tin mined land (in Rebo Village), root dry weight, root length, and number of root nodules were lower, but chlorophyll content increased. The characters affected can be used to determine the ability of tolerance and adaptation of A. mangium in tin mined land.

Role of organic soil amendment of paramagnetic humus and compost for rehabilitation of post tin-mined tropical land

Open tin mining on tropical Bangka Island, Indonesia exposed heavy metals that had become a major cause of land degradation and severe local_global environmental damage. The goal of this study is to accelerate the remediation of degraded ecosystems in tin mined land, and thereby promote sustainable land use and environmental productivity. To the tailings of a former tin mined on Bangka Island, we applied an organic amendment comprising compost and paramagnetic humus at dosages of 0%, 5%, and 10%, and analyzed the results using a factorial completely randomized design (FCRD). We found the soil from the former tin mining site to be acidic (pH 5.34) and dominated by sand particles (88%) with a very low cation exchange capacity. The soils also had a very low nutrient content (available and total-N, P, K, Ca, Mg), high toxicity levels of Zn, Cu, B, Cd and Ti, as well low toxicity levels of B, Zn, Cu, Ti, Cd. Organic soil amendments of organic paramagnetic materials and compost can improve soil quality by increasing the pH, the high availability of P and K and the cation exchange capacity, as well as maintain low toxicity. The growth (high, diameter, biomass, top-root ratio) of the exotic pioneer plant Reutealis trisperma increases the quality of soils to which proper soil amendments have been applied. The overall concept and appropriate technology for rehabilitating the ecosystem of degraded tin-mined land in tropical regions which serve as the world’s lungs, will strongly contribute to the development of a healthy and sustainable environment for all life on this planet

The Role of Soil Amendment on Tropical Post Tin Mining Area in Bangka Island Indonesia for Dignified and Sustainable Environment and Life

Openly tropical tin mining in Bangka Island Indonesia expose heavy metal that had been buried became a part of our environment and life. This has become a major cause of land degradation and severe local-global environmental damages. This study aims to accelerate reconsolidation of degraded ecosystems on the former tin mine land, to increase land productivity and dignified environment through appropriate rehabilitation technology on marginal land that is inexpensive, environmentally friendly and sustainable. This study is a part of a roadmap research activities on the rehabilitation of degraded land in tropical ecosystem, that consist of (a) characterization of degraded tin mining lands through the determination of chemistry, physics, biology and mineral soil properties, (b) introducing multi-function pioneers plant for acceleration of peak pioneer plant in the reestablishment of degraded tin mining ecosystem (c) management of natural soil amendment (volcanic ash, organic waste materials and legume cover crop as a material for soil amelioration to increase land productivity, (d) role of biotechnology through the application of local bio-fertilizer (mycorrhizae, phosphate soluble bacteria, rhizobium). Soil from post tropical tin mining acid soil (pH 4.97) that dominated by sand particles (88%) with very low cation exchange capacity, very low nutrient contents (available and total-N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and high toxicity of Zn, Cu, B, Cd and Ti, but still have low toxicity of Al, Fe, Mn, Mo, Pb, As. Soil amendment of biogas and volcanic ash could improve soil quality by increasing of better pH, high available-P and cation exchange capacity and maintained their low toxicity. The growth (high, diameter, biomass, top-root ratio) of exotic pioneer plant of Kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma) increased in the better soil quality that caused by application of proper soil amendment. The grand concept and appropriate technology for rehabilitation of degraded tin-mining land ecosystems in tropical regions which are the lungs of the world have a high contribution for development of our dignified and sustainable environment and life.