Tin Chemicals Research Articles

Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Persediaan Bahan Baku untuk Menekan Inventory Cost Menggunakan Metode Economic Order Quantity

PT. Inkomas Lestari is the first and only producer from Indonesia to produce tin chemicals and polymer additives. The products produced by PT. Inkomas Lestari is not only able to meet the needs of the local market, but also meet the needs of the international market by exporting its products to Germany, Korea, China and several countries in the Asian region. However, based on the results of the evaluation conducted by researchers, PT. Inkomas Lestari is known to not optimize its inventory management, in which the company does not keep stock of raw material inventory in the warehouse, so that it often experiences an increase in inventory costs. This research was conducted with the aim of reducing inventory costs by calculating the safety stock needed by the company using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method. Based on the calculation results, it is known that PT. Inkomas Lestari with the EOQ method obtained a total inventory cost of Rp. 1,888,637,963 which is lower than the company using the conventional method which has to pay Rp. 2,112,320,822, then with a difference in total inventory cost of Rp. 223,682,857. This means that the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method can be considered more efficient than the conventional method currently being applied by the company.

Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Persediaan Bahan Baku untuk Menekan Inventory Cost Menggunakan Metode Economic Order Quantity

PT. Inkomas Lestari is the first and only producer from Indonesia to produce tin chemicals and polymer additives. The products produced by PT. Inkomas Lestari is not only able to meet the needs of the local market, but also meet the needs of the international market by exporting its products to Germany, Korea, China and several countries in the Asian region. However, based on the results of the evaluation conducted by researchers, PT. Inkomas Lestari is known to not optimize its inventory management, in which the company does not keep stock of raw material inventory in the warehouse, so that it often experiences an increase in inventory costs. This research was conducted with the aim of reducing inventory costs by calculating the safety stock needed by the company using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method. Based on the calculation results, it is known that PT. Inkomas Lestari with the EOQ method obtained a total inventory cost of Rp. 1,888,637,963 which is lower than the company using the conventional method which has to pay Rp. 2,112,320,822, then with a difference in total inventory cost of Rp. 223,682,857. This means that the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method can be considered more efficient than the conventional method currently being applied by the company.

Stannous chloride (SnCl2) and stannous sulfate (SnSO4) synthesis from tin powderization waste

The necessity of finding a way to utilize Sn metal from tin powderization waste as effectively and efficiently as possible has risen because of the large number of industrial by-products of Sn waste and the broad applications of tin chemicals in the world. Stannous chloride (SnCl2) and stannous sulfate (SnSO4) are tin-derived compounds in which their applications are in various fields, and one of which is catalysts. Catalyst products produced from the two compounds are STO (Sulfated Tin Oxide) catalyst. In this study, tin powderization waste was used as raw material for the synthesis of SnCl2 and SnSO4. The purpose of using tin waste is an effort to create the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) program launched by the United Nations to obtain a sustainable consumption and production system. Tin powder from the off-spec product of the tin powderization process can be used as raw material to manufacture tin-derived chemical compounds. Overall, the process of developing tin products will produce a non-waste system (zero waste). The optimum conditions to synthesize SnCl2 are as follows; the tin powder particle size is 500 mesh with HCl 12 M at 80°C with a yield percentage of 95%. The synthesis of SnSO4 with the reaction of SnCl2 + (NH4)2SO4 can be carried out using stirring techniques. The results of the FT-IR spectrometer showed a spectrum of sulfate groups in the region ~ 1181 cm−1.

Optimization Process In The Synthesis of Stannous Chloride (SnCl2) by Redox Method In The Context of Downstream Tin Derivative Product

Indonesia has been known as the Tin Island in Southeast Asian Tin Belt region. This makes Indonesia listed as the second biggest tin producer in the world after China, with production reached 33.444 metric tons. However, 95% of tin which has been exported is still in the form of bars, not the optimal downstream tin derivative products, especially in the form of tin chemicals such as SnCl2. It turned out that tin chemical products are imported to meet the needs of domestic industry. In 2014, tin import reached USD 200 million. As one of the downstream products of tin derivatives, SnCl2 can be used as a catalyst, reducing agent, and as the main ingredient for other tin derivative products. This research was conducted based on the demand of industry, PT Timah Industri, to study the synthesis of SnCl2 powder in optimum conditions with redox method. The tin powder was dissolved in concentrated HCl heated on a hotplate, with variations in the particle size of the tin, HCl concentration and the reaction temperature. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) was carried out at 8000C with a heating rate of 100Cmin-1. The morphological structure of SnCl2 powder can be determined using 3D-Optical Microscope VHX-5000. As for the SnCl2 phase, it can be identified using the Rigaku SmartLab X-ray diffraction. This attempt has succeeded in synthesizing SnCl2 powder at optimum conditions with a yield percentage of 95%.

Conjugated Polymers Via Direct Arylation Polymerization in Continuous Flow: Minimizing the Cost and Batch‐to‐Batch Variations for High‐Throughput Energy Conversion

Continuous flow methods are utilized in conjunction with direct arylation polymerization (DArP) for the scaled synthesis of the roll-to-roll compatible polymer, poly[(2,5-bis(2-hexyldecyloxy)phenylene)-alt-(4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PPDTBT). PPDTBT is based on simple, inexpensive, and scalable monomers using thienyl-flanked benzothiadiazole as the acceptor, which is the first β-unprotected substrate to be used in continuous flow via DArP, enabling critical evaluation of the suitability of this emerging synthetic method for minimizing defects and for the scaled synthesis of high-performance materials. To demonstrate the usefulness of the method, DArP-prepared PPDTBT via continuous flow synthesis is employed for the preparation of indium tin oxide (ITO)-free and flexible roll-coated solar cells to achieve a power conversion efficiency of 3.5% for 1 cm2 devices, which is comparable to the performance of PPDTBT polymerized through Stille cross coupling. These efforts demonstrate the distinct advantages of the continuous flow protocol with DArP avoiding use of toxic tin chemicals, reducing the associated costs of polymer upscaling, and minimizing batch-to-batch variations for high-quality material.

Book Review: The Industrial Uses of Tin Chemicals. By S. J. Blunden, B. A. Cusack, and R. Hill

Angewandte Chemie International Edition in EnglishVolume 25, Issue 10 p. 944-945 Book Review Book Review: The Industrial Uses of Tin Chemicals. By S. J. Blunden, B. A. Cusack, and R. Hill Stephan Pawlenko, Stephan Pawlenko Schering AG, Bergkamen (FRG)Search for more papers by this author Stephan Pawlenko, Stephan Pawlenko Schering AG, Bergkamen (FRG)Search for more papers by this author First published: October 1986 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.198609442AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume25, Issue10October 1986Pages 944-945 RelatedInformation

An investigation of the flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppressant properties of tin (IV) oxide in unsaturated polyester thermosets

AbstractStudies have been carried out of the effects of (1) anhydrous tin (IV) oxide and (2)β‐stannic acid {hydrous tin (IV) oxide} on the flammability and smoke production of unsaturated polyesters into which halogen may be introduced as a reactive monomer during the resin synthesis. The results obtained provide evidence for a marked falme‐reatedant synergism between tin and halogen, accompanied by a significant reduction in smoke from the burning polymer. The hydrous tin compound was found to be more effective than the anhydrous SnO2 both as a flame retardant and a smoke suppressant. At a 2% incorporation level β‐stannic acid gave polymers with LOIs of up to ca 30 and reductions in smoke density of 50% or more compared with the standard non‐halogenated resin. The mode of action of the tin compounds appears to involve both the condensed and vapour phases. In view of the generally accepted low toxicity of inorganic tin chemicals their possible use as fire‐retardant additives for polymer systems should merit serious consideration.

Comment

With health restrictions precluding the use of lead and cadmium based pigments for anti‐corrosive primers, considerable research is going on to find effective substitutes, particularly with zinc phosphate based materials. Another area is in the use of certain tin chemicals.

M&T also* supplies "workhorse" TIN CHEMICALS

M&T also* supplies "workhorse" TIN CHEMICALS

M&T also* supplies "workhorse" TIN CHEMICALS

M&T also* supplies "workhorse" TIN CHEMICALS

M&T also supplies "workhorse" TIN CHEMICALS

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTM&T also supplies "workhorse" TIN CHEMICALSCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1960, 38, 7, 26Publication Date (Print):February 15, 1960Publication History Published online6 November 2010Published inissue 15 February 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v038n007.p026Copyright © 1960 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (322 KB) Get e-Alerts

New tin chemicals may give your product a competitive edge

New tin chemicals may give your product a competitive edge

New tin chemicals may give your product a competitive edge

New tin chemicals may give your product a competitive edge