Time Of Suture Removal Research Articles

Comparison of clinical efficacy between autologous partially demineralized dentin matrix and deproteinized bovine bone mineral for bone augmentation in orthodontic patients with alveolar bone deficiency: a randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundIt is common to see patients who need orthodontic treatment but with insufficient alveolar bone volume. However, safe and effective tooth movement requires sufficient alveolar bone width and height. The aim of this study is to compare the bone augmentation efficacy of Autologous Partially Demineralized Dentin Matrix (APDDM) and Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral (DBBM) in orthodontic patients with insufficient bone by using a randomized controlled clinical trial approach.Materials and methodsTwenty-seven orthodontic patients involving 40 posterior teeth alveolar sites (n = 40) with insufficient alveolar bone volume were randomly divided into a control group (n = 20) and an experimental group (n = 20). The patients in the experimental group were treated with APDDM, and those in the control group were treated with DBBM. After surgery, the adjacent teeth are moved toward the bone grafting sites according to the orthodontic treatment plan. Patients completed a postoperative response questionnaire by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score to indicate pain and swelling in the bone grafted area at the time of suture removal; and CBCT scans were conducted before surgery, 6 months and 2 years after surgery to assess changes in buccal and central alveolar heights, as well as widths at the alveolar ridge apex and 3 mm, 5 mm below the apex, respectively. The CBCT image sequences were imported into Mimics 21.0 software in DICOM format. The data of the patients in both groups were collected and analyzed by SPSS 25.0.ResultsThe VAS scores were significantly lower in the APDDM group than in the DBBM group (p < 0.05). Significant increases were observed in alveolar bone height and width at 6 months and 2 years postoperative (p < 0.05); At 2 years, the APDDM group exhibited a reduction in buccal crest height and in 3 mm, 5 mm width below alveolar ridge apex, relative to 6 months (p < 0.05), while the DBBM group showed a decrease only in the central height of the alveolar bone (p < 0.05). There was a significant bone augmentation increase found only 3 mm below the alveolar ridge apex in the APDDM group compared with the DBBM group among all 6 months group comparison (p < 0.05). At 2 years, the augmentation effects were similar across both groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionRadiomics analysis indicates that APDDM serves as a viable bone augmentation material for orthodontic patients with insufficient alveolar bone volume, achieving comparable clinical efficacy to DBBM. Additionally, APDDM is associated with a milder postoperative response than DBBM.The registration number (TRN)ChiCTR2400084607.

A Pilot Study to Determine the Effect of Individualized Enteral Nutrition Management Based on Prognostic Nutrition Index on Surgical Patients With Oral Malignancies

This study aimed to assess the effect of individualized enteral nutrition management based on the prognostic nutrition index (PNI) on surgical patients with oral malignancies. This quasi-experimental pilot study consecutively included patients diagnosed with oral malignancies who underwent radical surgery in Ningbo No. 2 Hospital between January 2020 and May 2023. The primary outcome was PNI. A total of 71 patients with oral malignancies were enrolled, and 35 patients received PNI-based individualized enteral nutrition management. The PNI group displayed significantly higher PNI than the routine enteral nutrition support group (1st week postoperatively: 39.86 ± 3.86 vs. 37.29 ± 4.23, p < 0.001. 2nd weeks postoperatively: 44.17 ± 4.36 vs. 40.72 ± 3.40, p < 0.001). The surgical suture removal time and length of hospital stay (both p < 0.001) in the PNI group were significantly shorter than in the routine enteral nutrition support group. At 1 month postoperatively, the PNI group had significantly higher scores of QoL (p = 0.002) than the routine enteral nutrition support group. The individualized enteral nutrition management based on the PNI could improve the nutritional status of postoperative patients with oral malignancy, which could facilitate postoperative rehabilitation and improve overall QoL.

Efeitos de um enxaguatório liberador de oxigênio para manutenção da saúde peri-implantar. Estudo piloto clinico, randomizado e controlado

Abstract Introduction The control of peri-implant biofilm plays a crucial role in the long-term success of dental implants. Topical treatment alternatives aimed at reducing or preventing biofilm accumulation around the implant's prosthetic components are critical for the success of the treatment. Objective The present study has clinically evaluated the effects of an oxygen-releasing mouthwash (BlueM®) over a 90-day period, following implant placement surgery. Material and method Inclusion and exclusion criteria allowed for the selection of participants who, after implant placement, were randomized into two groups: the control group, which used a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash, and the BlueM group, which received the oxygen-releasing BlueM mouthwash. All participants were instructed to rinse twice daily for the first 10 days and once a day up to 30 days post-surgery. Clinical parameters were evaluated, including the visible plaque index (VP), marginal bleeding (MB), presence of calculus (PC), suppuration (SUP), mucositis (MU), and the extent of keratinized gingiva (KG). These data were collected at the time of suture removal (baseline). At 90 days postoperative, in addition to the aforementioned parameters, probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and the presence of peri-implantitis (PI) were evaluated. Result Nine patients were included in this study, with a total of 38 implants. The BlueM group demonstrated a reduction in MB and an even greater reduction in VP. The other assessed parameters showed similar results to those in the control group. Conclusion BlueM mouthwash has clinical benefits for biofilm control and gingival inflammation reduction.

Timing of suture removal to reduce scarringin skin surgery: a randomized assessor-blinded feasibility trial.

Timing of suture removal after excision skin surgery varies, with few studies analysing the factors that contribute to poor wound healing and cosmesis. Here, we performed a pilot study to compare suture removal at 7 days or 10 days and its effect on healing and overall appearances of scars including the presence of suture marks.

Surgical treatment of preauricular fistulas: a 12-year single-center clinical observation

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effects of surgical timing and approach on operative duration, postoperative suture removal time, and postoperative recurrence rate in the management of preauricular fistula. A 12-year single-center clinical observation was conducted to analyze the potential effects of different surgical strategies on these critical outcomes.MethodsThe clinical data from 576 (782 ears) patients who underwent surgical resection for preauricular fistulas were examined in this retrospective study. The patients were classified into various groups based on differences in operative duration, surgical techniques and the use of intraoperative magnifying equipment. Furthermore, the specific data on operative duration, postoperative suture removal time, and postoperative recurrence rate were also recorded.ResultsThe average operative duration for 782 ears and the average time required for postoperative suture removal were determined to be (34.57 ± 4.25) min and (3.62 ± 0.76) days, respectively. Among the cases examined, recurrence occurred in 13 ears, but all of them were cured after a second surgery, resulting in a recurrence rate of 1.67% (13/782). Interestingly, the operative and postoperative suture removal time was prolonged during the infection period (P < 0.05). The postoperative recurrence rate was significantly higher in the absence of magnifying equipment, as compared to those with the use of a microscope with 2.5× magnification (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were noted in the recurrence rate when comparing different anesthesia methods and types of surgical incisions, as well as the intraoperative use of methylene blue, and partial removal of cartilage of the pedicle (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe use of methylene blue, partial removal of the cartilage of the pedicle, and surgical incision during preauricular fistula resection did not affect the operative duration, postoperative suture removal time, and postoperative recurrence rate. Therefore, surgeons can select their preferred approaches based on their individual practices and patient-specific situations. However, the use of magnifying equipment during surgery is associated with a reduced risk of recurrence.

Comparison of Femtosecond Laser Assistance and Manual Trephination in Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty in the Treatment of Keratoconus: A Meta-Analysis

To compare the efficacy and safety of femtosecond laser-assisted deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (F-DALK) with those of manual-trephination DALK (M-DALK) in treating keratoconus. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Through November 2022, we comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and 4 Chinese databases. Studies that involved comparisons between F-DALK and M-DALK groups and that reported on relevant efficacy and/or safety parameters were included. Primary outcomes were uncorrected- and corrected-distance visual acuity and intraoperative complication rates. Secondary outcomes were spherical equivalent, topographic astigmatism, refractive cylinder, mean keratometry, endothelial cell density, suture removal time, and postoperative complication rates. These data were analyzed using Cochrane Review Manager software version 5.3. This meta-analysis included 9 nonrandomized controlled studies involving 1713 eyes. In eyes treated with F-DALK, corrected-distance visual acuity at 1 to 6 months (weighted mean difference=-0.07 [95% confidence interval {CI} -0.10 to -0.03]; I2=0%; P < .001) after surgery was better and intraoperative Descemet membrane perforation occurred less often (odds ratio=0.53 [95% CI 0.31-0.92]; I2=6%; P=.02) than in eyes treated with M-DALK. No clinically significant differences in other outcomes were found among the groups. Both F-DALK and M-DALK are safe and efficacious for patients with keratoconus. Compared with M-DALK, F-DALK can provide better early visual acuity and reduce the intraoperative perforation rate, and its likely improvements to long-term visual quality and endothelial cell preservation warrant further investigation. In addition, the 2 techniques seem to be comparable regarding refractive outcomes and other complications.

Efficacy of a long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser in acute scar redness

Background The initial redness of the scar on a postoperative suture site is a natural phenomenon that fades over time. However, with a long period of redness, patients complain about cosmetic discomfort, and the possibility of pigmentation changes is induced. We investigated the use of a long-pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser as a noninvasive treatment for improving the redness of these scars.Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on 36 patients who underwent excision of a nevus on the face. Fourteen patients received laser treatment and another 22 patients used only scar management ointment. Patients were followed up 1 week after the sutures were removed. The photographic images taken at the time of suture removal and 2 months later were reviewed. The evaluation was performed on a 7-point scale by adding the Japan Scar Workshop (JSW) scar scale’s redness and erythema scores.Results The average initial JSW scar scale score of the treatment group was 4.6, and that of the nontreatment group was 4.2. When the re-evaluation was performed 2 months later, the score of the treatment group decreased to 2.2 and that of the nontreatment group decreased to 3.1. The difference in the JSW scar scale between the treatment group and the nontreatment group according to laser performance was statistically significant (P=0.03).Conclusions The treatment method with a long-pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser that is less invasive and has a quick effect can be a good alternative for improving this initial scar redness.

Spherical equivalent (SE) outcomes after suture manipulation in post operative deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) patients

Introduction: Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) is a successful intervention among other surgical options for treating keratoconus. However after DALK surgery there are other post operative refractive morbidities which affects patient satisfaction. This study analyzes how suture manipulation in post-DALK patients affects the Spherical Equivalent (SE) outcome and whether it’s adhering to the corneal coupling concept.Objective: To determine the pre and post suture manipulations adhered to the concept of corneal coupling and the effect of timing of suture removal on the Spherical Equivalent (SE) outcome.Methodology: This retrospective study involved 40 manipulations in 18 patients who underwent DALK from 2020 to 2021 for keratoconus. All the Surgeries performed by single Consultant Eye Surgeon using big bubble (BB) technique. All grafts anchored using 16 interrupted 10/0 nylon sutures. Data was obtained from hospital and patient records. Objective and Subjective SE, Mean K readings were monitored.Conclusion: Pre and Post suture manipulations adhered to the corneal coupling and there was no statistically significant SE change. Furthermore, it was observed that delaying the removal of sutures resulted in minimal changes in the SE.

A prospective randomized controlled study on the repair of skin and soft tissue defect in functional areas of children with full-thickness skin grafts from different sites of abdomen

A prospective randomized controlled study on the repair of skin and soft tissue defect in functional areas of children with full-thickness skin grafts from different sites of abdomen

An Interprofessional Approach to Preventing Tracheostomy-Related Pressure Injuries.

An interprofessional team known as the Tracheostomy Steering Committee (TSC) was established to prevent tracheotomy-related pressure injuries (TRPIs) and standardize practice for tracheostomy insertion and care of patients with tracheostomies. In addition to reducing the number TRPIs, the TSC sought establish an escalation process for all clinicians to raise concerns about the care and management of patients with tracheostomies. This quality improvement initiative used the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control framework with a pre- and postintervention design. The TSC created a TRPI-prevention bundle that included recommendations for protective foam dressing and skin barrier film use, suture tension, timing of suture removal, stoma care, offloading and positioning, escalation, documentation, and dual skin assessment. An electronic tracheostomy report was developed to track patients with a tracheostomy across the enterprise. A total of 289 patients had a tracheostomy during their inpatient hospital stay from January 2018 through December 2019. There was an observed a reduction in the daily rate of TRPIs by 50% with the use of the standardized TRPI-prevention bundle. Use of the bundle resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of TRPI. Timely escalation of possible tracheostomy injuries or tracheostomies at risk enabled rapid intervention, likely preventing many injuries, and real-time feedback to clinicians reinforced best practices. Interprofessional collaboration is necessary to provide optimal tracheostomy care and ensure the best outcomes.

Iliac Crest Bone Graft Harvesting: Modified Technique for Reduction of Complications.

bone grafting; complications; iliac crest; pain.

Risk factors and management strategies for cerebrospinal fluid leakage following lumbar posterior surgery

ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors of cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) following lumbar posterior surgery and summarize the related management strategies.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 3179 patients with CSFL strategies lumbar posterior surgery in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. There were 807 cases of lumbar disc hemiation (LDH), 1143 cases of lumbar spinal stenosi (LSS), 1122 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis(LS), 93 cases of lumbar degenerative scoliosis(LDS),14 cases of lumbar spinal benign tumor (LST). Data of gender, age, body mass index(BMI), duration of disease, diabete, smoking history, preoperative epidural steroid injection, number of surgical levels, surgical methods (total laminar decompression, fenestration decompression), revision surgery, drainage tube removal time, suture removal time, and complications were recorded.ResultsThe incidence of 115 cases with cerebrospinal fluid leakage, was 3.6% (115/3179).One-way ANOVA showed that gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, combined with type 2 diabetes and surgical method had no significant effect on CSFL (P > 0.05). Age, type of disease, duration of disease, preoperative epidural steroid injection, number of surgical levels and revision surgery had effects on CSFL (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that type of disease, preoperative epidural steroid injection, number of surgical levels and revision surgery were significantly affected CSFL (P < 0.05).Drainage tube removal time of CSFL patients ranged from 7 to 11 days, with an average of 7.1 ± 0.5 days, drainage tube removal time of patients without CSFL was 1–3 days, with an average of 2.0 ± 0.1 days, and there was a statistical difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).The removal time of CSFL patients was 12–14 days, with an average of 13.1 ± 2.7 days, and the removal time of patients without CSFL was 10–14 days, with an average of 12.9 ± 2.2 days, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionType of disease, preoperative epidural steroid injection, number of surgical levels and revision surgery were the risk factors for CSFL. Effective prevention were the key to CSFL in lumbar surgery. Once appear, CSFL can also be effectively dealt without obvious adverse reactions after intraoperative effectively repair dural, head down, adequate drainage after operation, the high position, rehydration treatment, and other treatments.

The effect of chlorhexidine gluconate chips on clinical status of peri-implant mucosa and plaque formation on healing abutments following single-stage implant surgeries

An experimental study was designed to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate chips on clinical status of peri-implant mucosa and plaque formation on healing abutments following single-stage implant surgeries. Twenty-eight single-stage implant sites were grouped into 14 test and control sites. The study commences from the time of suture removal following surgery, designated as day 0. Chlorhexidine chip insertion into peri-implant sulcus in test sites was done on day 0, 10, and 20. Peri-implant crevicular fluid was collected on day 0, 10, 20, and 30 for biochemical estimation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The modified sulcus bleeding index (mBI) score was obtained in both test and control sites on day 10, 20, and 30. On day 30, all the healing abutments were unscrewed and sent for stereomicroscopic analysis to assess the plaque formation on its surface. Statistically significant difference was not observed in AST levels and mBI in both test and control groups in various time intervals. In the stereomicroscopic assessment of healing abutment, mild grade of plaque accumulation was seen in three samples in test group, one sample in control group, and severe grade was seen in six samples in test group and nine samples in the control group. Inflammatory condition of peri-implant mucosa and plaque retentive properties on healing abutment surface were found to have reduced with the usage of chlorhexidine gluconate chips. However, the study failed to establish a statistically significant correlation of these observations.

Corneal topographic changes after sequential suture removal in a corneal wound burn after phacoemulsification

This case describes the timing of suture removal and stabilization of refraction in a case of corneal wound burn associated with phacoemulsification. A 70-year-old woman presented with diminution of visio in both eyes for 1 year. O/E lens opacification classification system grade NC4C3P2 cataract was present in both eyes with normal fundus. Primary diagnosis was cataract in both eyes. The left eye was planned for microincision cataract surgery by a trainee under local anesthesia. Corneal wound burn and iris chaffing were noted at the end of surgery, and 3 sutures were placed at the main port. At 15 days and 1 month postoperatively, the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 20/80 with high regular astigmatism showing over cylinder on autorefractometer. Sequential suture removal was done 1 month postoperatively with an interval of 15 minutes between each suture and corneal topography performed after each suture removal. Topography exhibited reduction in astigmatism from 10.6 to 1.2 diopters after suture removal. The UDVA and corrected distance visual acuity after 1-hour postsuture removal was 20/32 and 20/20, respectively, with a refraction of −0.50 diopter sphere/−0.50 diopter cylinder @ 95 degrees, which was stable even at 1-month and 6-month follow-up. We conclude that suture removal can be planned as early as 4 weeks with refraction and keratometric readings being stable even after 6 months.

Laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy for dogs under 5kg body weight.

To describe the surgical method, operative time, safety, and usefulness of 3-port laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (LOHE) using an ultrasonic coagulation and incision device in dogs <5 kg. Retrospective study. Female dogs (n = 147). Animals were allocated to one of four groups by bodyweight: <2 kg (n = 18), 2-3 kg (n = 37), 3-4 kg (n = 55), and 4-5 kg (n = 37). All surgical procedures were recorded on video. Mean operative time (i.e., time from first skin incision to last suture), clinical variables, hematologic variables, and blood biochemistry were recorded. Intrasurgical and postsurgical complications were recorded, and wound complications, including signs of inflammation or hernia formation were monitored for 3 months. The mean operative time for all groups was 18 min, with no significant differences between groups. Eight dogs bled from the mesometrium during surgery. Two dogs had hernia formation at a midline port incision; this complication developed by month 3. No complications such as wound dehiscence or infection of the surgical field were observed at the time of suture removal in any of the dogs. We performed LOHE using an ultrasonic coagulation and incision device in dogs <5 kg, and found it to be a safe procedure with minimal complications. We believe that LOHE, using a 3-port and ultrasonic coagulation and incision device, is a safe, useful, and minimally invasive surgical method for sterilization of dogs <5 kg with minimal complications.

Modified Wound Closure Technique in de Quervain’s Tenosynovitis

de Quervain’s release, or first dorsal compartment release, is a commonly performed procedure. There are several approaches to surgery including transverse and longitudinal incisions. The wrist is a sensitive area, and patients often report residual pain post-release. We offer a modified technique on wound closure in de Quervain’s release to facilitate a smoother postoperative experience by taking in account the patient experience from the finish of release until the time of suture removal. Prolene™ sutures that require removal are preferred over absorbable sutures due to skin reactions that occur with absorbable sutures that may cause more scarring, pain, and irritation to the radial sensory nerve. Additionally, the placement of Steri-Strips beneath the knot and cut end of suture, as well as one on top of the construct, ensures that there is minimal opportunity for prominent, stiff knots or sharp ends of suture to bother the patient. Altogether, from suture choice to purposeful Steri-Strip placement, our simple and quick modifications place high value in patient comfort and cosmesis, leading to improved patient satisfaction.

Assessment of postoperative discomfort and nerve injuries after surgical removal of mandibular third molar: A prospective study.

Introduction:The surgical removal of mandibular third molar (M3) teeth may result in a number of complications including pain, swelling, bleeding, alveolar osteitis or nerve dysfunction. Most of these problems are temporary, but in some cases, nerve paresthesia may become permanent and lead to functional problems.Aims and Objectives:This study aims at measuring the clinical severity of pain, swelling, muscle trismus, infection, dry socket and any nerve injury-related paresthesia after surgical removal of M3. It also assesses the validity of the postoperative symptom severity and identifies the most frequent occurrences and postoperative complications.Material and Methods:The prospective study data was collected from 163 patients visiting the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, for surgical extraction of impacted M3. Postoperative assessment was done after 1 week at the time of suture removal for pain, swelling, wound closure, postoperative bleeding, dry socket, infection, paresthesia and trismus. Pain intensity in the form of visual analogue scale, clinical swelling determination using thread measure, trismus assessment by differences in mouth opening, paresthesia/anesthesia by questioning about tongue, chin and lip sensibility and performing neurosensory tests like 2-point discrimination, pin prick and light touch. Patients with neurosensory disturbance were followed for 6 months.Results:This study confirmed the previously reported prevalence rates of neurological deficit and demonstrated 2% incidence of lingual nerve injury where no symptom lasted for more than 12 weeks. Inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia not reported in case series. Most of the patients reported with mild pain, mild swelling and trismus at seventh postoperative day at the time of suture removal.Conclusion:Although third molar surgery is a secure and low morbidity procedure, the risk of complications will always exist and it increases with increased surgical difficulty, hence the patient should always be educated about the risks and benefits of surgery in order to ensure adequate surgical management of impacted M3.

Регенеративный препарат Репарин- Хелпер® как эффективное и безопасное средство для лечения постоперационных ран

This article describes clinical results from postoperative wound treatment in 41 dogs that have undergone an ovariohysterectomy procedure. The standard treatment regimen is compared with the use of a regenerative drug based on secretome (cytokines / growth factors) produced by mesenchymal stem cells. The results show that the regenerative drug positively impacted the wound healing speed, decreased the suture removal time, and effectively reduced inflammation during the post-operative period, resulting in a rapid and high-quality postoperative recovery.

Scalpel versus electrocautery for Herniorrhaphy Incision: A randomized controlled trail

BackgroundElectrocautery is widely used for incision and is considered safe, irrespective of the surgical procedure. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to compare postoperative scar complications following scalpel and electrocautery incision in patients who underwent herniorrhaphy. MethodThis study was a randomized controlled trail performed on 120 patients referred to (XXX) for herniorrhaphy. Sixty patients underwent hernia repair using scalpel and electrocautery incision. Postoperative pain, wound infection and scar-associated complications were assessed in all the patients at the time of suture removal and follow-up. The data were analyzed using SPSS v 18 and p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. ResultThe two groups were age-matched, and no significant difference was reported in terms of hypertrophic and colloidal scar among the two groups. Additionally, the differences in the pain intensity were also not significant among the groups. No postoperative infection was reported in our study. ConclusionAccording to our findings, electrocautery incision is as safe as scalpel incision for herniorrhaphy with regard to scar complication and wound infection. The detailed study including intraoperative parameters can give better conclusions.

Impact of intraoperative radiotherapy on the perioperative period of patients after breast-conserving surgery.

To investigate the effect of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in the perioperative period of patients after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). The clinical data of 100 patients with early breast cancer undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by treatment with IORT using the Intrabeam system (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Oberkochen, Germany) (BCS + IORT group, n=100) between June 2016 and December 2019 were analyzed and compared with the data of 60 matched patients who only underwent breast-conserving therapy over the same period (BCS group, n=60). The surgical settings and postoperative acute complications between the groups were assessed. There was no significant statistical difference between the groups in terms of age, tumor size, grading, lymph node status, hormone receptor status, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) status (P>0.05). The BCS + IORT group had a significantly longer surgery duration (P<0.05), but there was no significant statistical difference in terms of intraoperative blood loss, amount of bleeding, drainage tube removal time, postoperative length of hospitalization, incision suture removal time, or incidence of postoperative complications (P>0.05). IORT using the Intrabeam system safely delivers radiation therapy, is well-tolerated, has acceptable acute toxicity, and does not significant increase the risk of surgery or the incidence of perioperative complications.