Timing Of Menarche Research Articles

Associations Between Earlier Menarche and Fibroid Severity in Individuals Seeking Hysterectomy.

Objective: Early menarche is associated with uterine fibroid risk, but the association between menarcheal timing and fibroid severity remains to be explored. Given the hormonal dependence of fibroids, earlier menarche may increase physical burden (e.g., number of fibroids) and/or symptoms (e.g., heavy menstrual bleeding), though the two are not always correlated. We hypothesized that individuals with earlier menarche are more likely to have severe fibroids. Design: We analyzed observational data using linear regression models to examine the association between earlier age at menarche and fibroid severity. Subjects: Individuals seeking hysterectomy (n = 110) for fibroid management at a hospital in Washington, D.C. from 2014 to 2021 as part of the Fibroids, Observational Research on Genes and the Environment study. Exposure: Participants recalled age at menarche during adulthood. We modeled age at menarche continuously, and we defined early menarche as menarche before 12 years in descriptive analyses. Main Outcome Measures: We evaluated three types of fibroid severity outcomes: self-reported symptoms using validated scales, clinical parameters (e.g., fibroid number and size), and age at hysterectomy. Results: In our predominantly Black sample, early menarche (i.e., <12 years) was reported by 25.5% (28/110) of participants. In adjusted linear models, earlier menarche was associated with increased symptom severity [b = -3.3 (95% CI: -6.05, -0.56)], younger age at hysterectomy [b = 0.8 (95% CI: 0.2, 1.41)], and uterine weight over 250 g (compared with ≤250 g) [b = -0.05 (95% CI: -0.11, -0.00)], but not with other measures of physical fibroid burden. Conclusion: Earlier menarche was associated with measures of fibroid severity. Prolonged exposure to estrogen via early menarche may accelerate the tumorigenesis process. Patient-reported symptoms as well as measures of physical burden should be considered when investigating the etiology of fibroid-related morbidity.

Genetic determinants of age at menarche: does the LIN28B gene play a role? A narrative review.

Menarche, the first menstrual period marking the onset of female reproduction, is a milestone of female puberty. The timing of menarche determines the timing of later phases of pubertal maturation in girls and has major implications for health later in life, including behavioral and psychosocial disorders during adolescence and fertility problems and increased risk for certain diseases in adulthood. Over the last few decades, a continuous decline in age at menarche has been noted, with environmental factors contributing to this change in the timing of menarche. However, a genetic component of age at menarche and pubertal onset has been strongly suggested by studies in families and twins wherein up to approximately 80% of the variance in puberty onset can be explained by heritability. Gene association studies have revealed several genetic loci involved in age at menarche, among which LIN28B has emerged as a key regulator of female growth and puberty. LIN28B, a human homolog of Lin28 of C. elegans, is a known RNA-binding protein that regulates let-7 microRNA biogenesis. Genome-wide association studies have identified the association of polymorphisms in the LIN28B gene with age at menarche in several population cohorts worldwide. In this paper, we review the genetic factors contributing to age of menarche, with particular focus on the identified polymorphisms in LIN28B gene.

Estimated timing of the first menstrual period and dietary and nutritional correlates of menarche among urban school-going adolescents in four sub-Saharan African sites.

Characterizing the timing of menarche and the factors that are associated with it is important for understanding a population's reproductive health needs and long-term health trajectories. We estimated the age at the menstrual onset among adolescent girls and the association between dietary and nutritional factors and menarche in four sub-Saharan African urban sites. We used cross-sectional school-based data from 2307 female adolescents aged 10-14 years collected by the Africa Research, Implementation Science, and Education (ARISE) Network in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Khartoum, Sudan; and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Logit models were used to estimate the median age at menarche at each site. Associations between menarche and BMI-for-age, stunting, dietary qualityand food insecurity across settings were assessed using Poisson regression models adjusted for country and school levels. The estimated median age at menarche was 13.1 years (95% confidence interval: 12.7, 13.5) in Ouagadougou; 12.9 (12.6, 13.2) in Addis Ababa; 13.3 (12.7, 13.6) in Khartoum; and 13.2 (12.3, 14.0) in Dar es Salaam. Between 18% and 49% of the girls in each setting had already menstruated. Based on the pooled multivariable models, underweight participants were 42% less likely (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR]0.58 [0.44, 0.77]) to have experienced menarche in comparison to normal-weight individuals. The likelihood of experiencing menarche increased for overweight [PR 1.47 (1.30,1.66)] and obese [PR 1.57 (1.35,1.82)] in comparison to normal-weight girls. Those stunted were 47% less likely to have experienced menarche [PR 0.53 (0.41, 0.69)] than their nonstunted counterparts. A lower likelihood of menarche among those experiencing moderate/severe hunger when compared to those with no/little hunger was also observed (PR 0.78 [0.63,0.96]). No evidence of association with dietary quality was found. Further research is needed to strengthen the body of evidence and inform evidence-based initiatives in low- and middle-income settings.

Pelvic ultrasound and pubertal attainment in girls with sexual precocity: the pivotal role of uterine volume in predicting the timing of menarche.

Among girls assessed for pubertal precocity, pelvic ultrasound (pUS) may represent a pivotal tool to predict the time expected to elapse between sonographic assessment and the onset of menarche (TUS-M). Accordingly, the present analysis is meant to define the statistical relationship between sonographic parameters and TUS-M, in order to identify the most reliable predictor of the timing of menarche. Retrospective, multicenter analysis. Girls assessed for sexual precocity and showing sonographic and clinical findings consistent with pubertal onset upon referral were considered eligible. Patients treated with GnRH analogues were excluded and only those who had subsequently achieved complete and spontaneous pubertal attainment and for whom the exact date of menarche was available were included. Overall, we enrolled 184 girls from five tertiary care Italian Centers. The time elapsed (months) between baseline endocrine assessment and spontaneous achievement of menarche showed a negative statistically significant correlation (p<0.0001) with LH (r:-0.61), FSH (r:-0.59), estradiol (r:-0.52) and stimulated LH values (r:-0.58). Among pUS parameters, ovarian volume (r:-0.17 left, -0.30 right) and uterine body-to-cervix ratio (r:-0.18) poorly correlated with TUS-M, while uterine diameters (r:-0.61 longitudinal, -0.64 anteroposterior) and volume (r:-0.70) achieved a highly statistical significance (p<0.0001). Uterine volume (UV) showed a negative logarithmic relationship with TUS-M and represented the most reliable predictor of the timing of menarche in uni- and multivariable analyses (p <0.001). ROC analyses identified the UV thresholds that best predict the onset of menarche within 18, 12 and 6 months, respectively: 3.76, 6.02 and 8.80 ml. The logarithm of UV shows the best statistical performance in predicting the timing of menarche in girls assessed for pubertal precocity. Accordingly, we developed a user-friendly online application that provides clinicians with an estimation of the months expected to elapse before menarche, based on the UV recorded upon pUS.

Metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization for age at menarche and age at natural menopause.

The role of metabolism in the variation of age at menarche (AAM) and age at natural menopause (ANM) in the female population is not entirely known. We aimed to investigate the causal role of circulating metabolites in AAM and ANM using Mendelian randomization (MR). We combined MR with genetic colocalization to investigate potential causal associations between 658 metabolites and AAM and between 684 metabolites and ANM. We extracted genetic instruments for our exposures from four genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on circulating metabolites and queried the effects of these variants on the outcomes in two large GWAS from the ReproGen consortium. Additionally, we assessed the mediating role of the body mass index (BMI) in these associations, identified metabolic pathways implicated in AAM and ANM, and sought validation for selected metabolites in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Our analysis identified 10 candidate metabolites for AAM, but none of them colocalized with AAM. For ANM, 76 metabolites were prioritized (FDR-adjusted MR P-value ≤ 0.05), with 17 colocalizing, primarily in the glycerophosphocholines class, including the omega-3 fatty acid and phosphatidylcholine (PC) categories. Pathway analyses and validation in ALSPAC mothers also highlighted the role of omega and polyunsaturated fatty acids levels in delaying age at menopause. Our study suggests that metabolites from the glycerophosphocholine and fatty acid families play a causal role in the timing of both menarche and menopause. This underscores the significance of specific metabolic pathways in the biology of female reproductive longevity.

Self-reported history of breastfeeding in relation to recalled age at menarche in the United States.

Menarche is a key life history event that shapes the female reproductive trajectory and is important to the study of human biology because of the associated epidemiological and social consequences later in life. Our question is whether breastfeeding is associated with the variation in timing of menarche. Using data from a college-aged female student population from Amherst, MA, we examined whether having been breastfed was associated with age at menarche. Of the 340 female participants with information on breastfeeding during infancy, we found that women who were breastfed (n = 286) had an adjusted mean age of menarche of 12.53 years (SE 0.09), while those who were not breastfed (n = 54) had an adjusted mean age of menarche of 12.04 years (SE 0.20; p < 0.03). We propose further research that explores a finer distinction between formula-fed, mixed-fed or predominantly breastfed infants, duration of breastfeeding and age at menarche.

Long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and its components on menarche timing among Chinese adolescents: evidence from a representative nationwide cohort

BackgroundAmbient air pollutants have been suggested to affect pubertal development. Nevertheless, current studies indicate inconsistent effects of these pollutants, causing precocious or delayed puberty onset. This study aimed to explore the associations between long-term exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) along with its components and menarche timing among Chinese girls.MethodSelf-reported age at menarche was collected among 855 girls from China Health and Nutrition Survey 2004 to 2015. The pre-menarche annual average concentrations of PM2.5 and its components were calculated on the basis of a long-term (2000–2014) high-resolution PM2.5 components dataset. Generalized linear models (GLM) and logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of exposure to a single pollutant (PM2.5, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon and organic matter) with age at menarche and early menarche (< 12 years), respectively. Weighted quantile sum methods were applied to examine the impacts of joint exposure on menarche timing.ResultsIn the adjusted GLM, per 1 µg/m3 increase of annual average concentrations of nitrate and ammonium decreased age at menarche by 0.098 years and 0.127 years, respectively (all P < 0.05). Every 1 µg/m3 increase of annual average concentrations of PM2.5 (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.08), sulfate (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01–1.50), nitrate (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06–1.43) and ammonium (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.06–1.66) were significantly positively associated with early menarche. Higher level of joint exposure to PM2.5 and its components was associated with 11% higher odds of early menarche (P = 0.04). Additionally, the estimated weight of sulfate was the largest among the mixed pollutants.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components could increase the risk of early menarche among Chinese girls. Moreover, sulfate might be the most critical components responsible for this relationship. Our study provides foundation for targeted prevention of PM2.5 components.

Is reproductive development adaptively calibrated to early experience? Evidence from a national sample of females.

Many developmental theories have not been sufficiently evaluated using designs that control for unobserved familial confounds. Our long-term goal is to determine the causal structure underlying associations between early environmental conditions and later psychosocial and health outcomes. Our overall objective in this study was to further evaluate predictions derived from applications of life history theory to female reproductive development, key among them that reproductive milestones translate early environmental risk into fertility, health, and behavioral outcomes. To this end, we used female data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and structural equation modeling to conduct increasingly severe tests, beginning with covariate control and then progressing to sibling control and behavioral genetic designs. After adjusting for confounds varying between sets of siblings, we did not find evidence that age at menarche reflected components of early environment or that any focal outcomes reflected early fragmented family structure (birth to age nine). Although we detected no links between measured environment and individual differences in age at sexual debut, we did find that it reflected both shared and nonshared influences in our behavior genetic models. Interestingly, delayed sexual debut (into young adulthood) reflected identification of parents as the greatest influences and forecasted an array of fertility-related outcomes. Taken together, these findings challenge theories suggesting menarche timing is adaptively calibrated to early environment. They also highlight the need for more research using sibling control and related designs to examine the roles of environments in development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Timing of menarche and pubertal growth patterns using the QEPS growth model.

To explore the timing of menarche, postmenarcheal growth, and to investigate the impact of various variables on menarcheal age and postmenarcheal and pubertal growth. This longitudinal community population-based study analyzed pubertal growth and menarcheal age in 793 healthy term-born Swedish girls, a subset of the GrowUp1990Gothenburg cohort. The timing of menarche and postmenarcheal growth was related to variables from the Quadratic-Exponential-Pubertal-Stop (QEPS) growth model, birth characteristics, and parental height. Multivariable models were constructed for clinical milestones; at birth, age 7 years, pubertal growth onset, and midpuberty. Menarche aligned with 71.6% (18.8) of the QEPS model's specific pubertal growth function, at a mean age of 13.0 (1.3) years, ranging from 8.2 to 17.2 years. Postmenarcheal growth averaged 8.0 (4.9) cm, varying widely from 0.2 to 31.1 cm, decreasing with later menarche. Significant factors associated with menarcheal age included height at 7 years, childhood body-mass index, parental height, and QEPS-derived pubertal growth variables. Multivariable models demonstrated increasing explanatory power for each milestone, explaining 1% of the variance in menarcheal age at birth, 8% at age 7 years, 44% at onset of pubertal growth, and 45% at midpuberty. This study underscores the strong link between pubertal growth and age at menarche. Data available at start of puberty explain 44% of the variation in menarcheal age, apparent on average 3.2 years before menarche. In addition, the study shows a previously seldom noticed wide variation in postmenarcheal height gain from 0.2 to 31.1 cm.

Menstrual Patterns and Age of Menarche in Young Women from the United States

Background Menarche is a salient event for adolescents that marks the beginning of reproductive life and the commencement of menstrual cycles. Despite this, much less is known about how the timing of menarche is related to menstrual patterns. Methods To that end, a cross-sectional sample of 523 young women in college from the United States provided data on menarcheal age, menses and cycle length, blood loss during menses, dysmenorrhea, and menstrual cycle regularity. Sociodemographic data such as age of first sexual intercourse, presence of biological father while growing up, self-reported body weight, and urban versus rural place of residence were also obtained. Results Mean menarcheal age was 12.89±1.31-years. Regarding cycle length, 42 (8.2%) of the women had cycles shorter than 21-days, 402 (78.2%) between 21 and 35-days, and 70 (13.6%) had cycles longer than 35-days. Concerning menorrhagia, 61 (11.8%) reported a small quantity of blood loss, 363 (70.1%) a medium quantity, and 94 (18.1%) reported a large loss of blood (menorrhagia). Duration of menstrual bleeding also showed variability with 33 (6.4%), 280 (54.2%), and 204 (39.5%) reporting menstrual bleeding lasting less than 3-days, 2 to 5-days, and greater than 5-days, respectively. The overall prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 61.7% (n=319) of the sample, while 36.3% (n=187) reported irregular menstrual cycles. Logistic regression indicated that early menarche, long menses duration, large self-reported amount of blood loss, and early age of first sexual intercourse were significant predictors of dysmenorrhea, while women with small self-reported amount of blood loss, a short menses duration, and long cycles were less likely to have dysmenorrhea. Concerning the timing of menarche, participants who were over-weight, grew up in urban environments, had dysmenorrhea, had early first consensual sexual intercourse, and grew up without a biological father, were more likely to have early menarche. Conclusion These findings suggest that menstrual disorders are common among a sample of young women from the United States and also identify sociodemographic variables that are related to menarcheal age.

Studying the Influence of the Relationship of the Menarche's Debut and the time of Starting Sports

The article presents data on the study of the timing of the first menarche in 143 athletes of puberty age - representatives of various sports (artistic gymnastics - 15 athletes, rhythmic gymnastics - 14, volleyball - 19, basketball - 17, cycling - 13, rowing and canoe - 12, freestyle wrestling - 15, taekwondo - 14, boxing - 13, athletics (middle distance running) - 11 people) in comparison with the general population age and sex group of 145 people. The relationship between the timing of the formation of the ovarian-menstrual cycle in female athletes and the time of starting sports was established. The dynamics of the formation of the ovarian-menstrual cycle has been determined. It was revealed that in each of the groups presented, the female athletes had an extended period for the debut of menarche and the onset of the establishment of the ovarian-menstrual cycle. The most influencing on violations of the debut of menarche and the formation of ovarian-menstrual cycle among athletes are such sports as artistic and rhythmic gymnastics, rowing and canoeing. The time of the beginning of sports activities and the time of the onset of menarche in the aggregate are an etiological factor that causes disturbances in the dynamics of the formation of the ovarian-menstrual cycle and a malfunction in the reproductive system of athletes in general and is the result of the body's adaptation to the physical and psychological stresses corresponding to these sports.

Characteristics of Puberty in a Population-Based Sample of Danish Adolescents

PurposeTo describe the duration, timing, tempo, and synchronicity of puberty, as well as the correlation between timing and tempo of puberty. MethodsOverall, 15,819 of 22,439 invited children participated in the Puberty Cohort within the Danish National Birth Cohort. Participants completed a web-based questionnaire every 6 months through maturation with questions on current pubertal status. Girls reported current Tanner stage of breast and pubic hair development, and timing of menarche. Boys reported current Tanner stage of genital and pubic hair development, timing of first ejaculation, and vocal changes. While accounting for this interval-censored puberty information, we estimated the duration of puberty. Then, we used a nonlinear mixed effect growth model to estimate timing, tempo, synchronicity of puberty, and correlation between timing and tempo of puberty. ResultsIn girls, the average duration of breast development was longer, whereas the average tempo was slower than pubic hair development. The average timing of breast development was earlier than the average timing of pubic hair development. The majority of girls had asynchronous puberty. In boys, the average duration was longer and average tempo slower for genital than pubic hair development. The average timing of genital and pubic hair development were comparable; hence, the majority had synchronous pubertal development. Adolescents who had earlier timing also tended to have a faster tempo. DiscussionBeing one of the largest puberty cohorts worldwide, these unique contemporary data can help physicians, parents, and children to understand and anticipate expected progression through pubertal development.

Exposure to select PFAS and PFAS mixtures alters response to platinum-based chemotherapy in endometrial cancer cell lines

BackgroundExposure to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with significant alterations in female reproductive health. These include changes in menstrual cyclicity, timing of menarche and menopause, and fertility outcomes, as well as increased risk of endometriosis, all of which may contribute to an increased risk of endometrial cancer. The effect of PFAS on endometrial cancer cells, specifically altered treatment response and biology, however, remains poorly studied. Like other gynecologic malignancies, a key contributor to lethality in endometrial cancer is resistance to chemotherapeutics, specifically to platinum-based agents that are used as the standard of care for patients with advanced-stage and/or recurrent disease.ObjectivesTo explore the effect of environmental exposures, specifically PFAS, on platinum-based chemotherapy response and mitochondrial function in endometrial cancer.MethodsHEC-1 and Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells were exposed to sub-cytotoxic nanomolar and micromolar concentrations of PFAS/PFAS mixtures and were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Survival fraction was measured 48-h post-chemotherapy treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated in both cell lines following exposure to PFAS ± chemotherapy treatment.ResultsHEC-1 and Ishikawa cells displayed differing outcomes after PFAS exposure and chemotherapy treatment. Cells exposed to PFAS appeared to be less sensitive to carboplatin, with instances of increased survival fraction, indicative of platinum resistance, observed in HEC-1 cells. In Ishikawa cells treated with cisplatin, PFAS mixture exposure significantly decreased survival fraction. In both cell lines, increases in mitochondrial membrane potential were observed post-PFAS exposure ± chemotherapy treatment.DiscussionExposure of endometrial cancer cell lines to PFAS/PFAS mixtures had varying effects on response to platinum-based chemotherapies. Increased survival fraction post-PFAS + carboplatin treatment suggests platinum resistance, while decreased survival fraction post-PFAS mixture + cisplatin exposure suggests enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Regardless of chemotherapy sensitivity status, mitochondrial membrane potential findings suggest that PFAS exposure may affect endometrial cancer cell mitochondrial functioning and should be explored further.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS GIZI DAN KONSUMSI JUNKFOOD DENGAN MENARCHE DINI PADA SISWI SMPN 13 GRESIK DI KECAMATAN UJUNGPANGKAH KABUPATEN GRESIK

Korespondensifathiya@i2dot.net Keywords: Early Menarche, Early Adolescence Objective: Early adolescents will experience the stage of puberty. Puberty experienced by adolescent girls is marked by the occurrence of menarche. Over time, the age of adolescent menarche in Indonesia has decreased or is called early menarche. The timing of menarche can be influenced by several factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and consumption of junk food with early menarche in female students of SMPN 13 Gresik in Ujungpangkah District, Gresik Regency.Methods: This study used a cross sectional analytic research design. With a total population and a sample of 66 respondents were taken using the Total Sampling technique. The dependent variable is nutritional status and consumption of junk food, while the independent variable is early menarche. The research instrument used is a questionnaire via google form. This study was analyzed using the Spearman Rank Correlation Test.Results: The results of the Spearman Rank Correlation Test showed a relationship between nutritional status and early menarche p=0.000, consumption of junk food with early menarche p=0.008.Conclusion: There is a relationship between the factors that cause early menarche in students of SMPN 13 Gresik, Ujungpangkah District, Gresik Regency. Therefore, the school and teachers are able to teach and provide deeper information to students about puberty and nutrition to increase students' knowledge about the importance of knowing things related to puberty.

Menarche at Amarna: Timing and the further implications.

This article examines skeletal development in non-elite individuals from Amarna to identify the age of menarche. The total sample (n = 267; 65 female, 39 male, 163 indeterminate) was examined for six variables indicative of the pubertal stage (mineralization of the mandibular canine root [n = 46], distal radius fusion [n = 227], proximal ulna fusion [n = 220], distal humerus fusion [n = 237], presence of the iliac crest epiphysis [n = 24], iliac crest fusion [n = 199]). Age and sex estimates are based on standard criteria for dental development and eruption, cranial and pelvic morphology, and post-cranial metric analysis. The iliac crest epiphysis is rarely present before age 15 years. Beginning fusion of the distal radius and iliac crest suggests that by age 19, most individuals have entered the maturation phase, providing book ends for the timing of menarche. Variables elucidating the peak height velocity (proximal ulna and distal humerus fusion) narrow that span and suggest menarche is achieved around 15-17 years for most individuals, with a broader estimate of 14-19 years encompassing the known diversity in timing of menarche. Menarche is commonly cited as an indicator of adult status. The observed later entrance into this life stage, and the associated reduced fertility, has broader implications for understanding of economic, social, biological, and demographic patterns observed at Amarna and among different social groups in the ancient city, as well as individual life histories.

Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Age of Menarche in a Nationwide Cohort of U.S. Girls.

It remains unclear whether in utero and childhood exposure to air pollution affects pubertal development, particularly age of menarche in girls. The aim of this study was to determine whether residential ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure in utero and during childhood is associated with age of menarche. We studied 5,201 girls in the Growing Up Today Study 2 (2004-present) who were 10-17 y of age at enrollment (47.7% premenarchal; 52.3% postmenarchal). Exposure to three size fractions of PM [fine PM with aerodynamic diameter (), PM with aerodynamic diameters (), and PM with aerodynamic diameter ()] was assigned based on maternal residential address, updated every 2 y, using nationwide spatiotemporal models. We estimated average PM exposure in utero, and time-varying windows: annual average exposure in the prior 1 and 2 y and cumulative average from birth. Age of menarche was self-reported on three surveys administered in 2004, 2006, and 2008. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) for menarche for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM exposure using Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for potential confounders. Girls attained menarche at 12.3 y of age on average. In the adjusted model, higher residential exposure to ambient during all time windows was associated with earlier age of menarche. The HRs of menarche for each IQR () increase in exposure to during the in utero period, 1 y prior to menarche, and throughout childhood were 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.06], 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.10) and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.10), respectively. Effect estimates for exposure were similar, albeit attenuated, for all time windows. exposure was not associated with age of menarche. Among a large, nationwide, prospective cohort of U.S. girls, higher exposure to and in utero and throughout childhood was associated with an earlier age of menarche. Our results suggest that and may have endocrine-disrupting properties that could lead to altered timing of menarche. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12110.

Body composition and somatic indices: determinants of timing of menarche

Menarche is the signal of initiation of reproductive age of girls. Age at menarche is associated with health outcome at adulthood. Body fat mass and BMI influence menarcheal age. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of body composition and body fat distribution with age at menarche. This was a cross sectional questionnaire based study conducted among school girls having age limit 10-14 years who experienced menarche not more than previous three months. Only unmarried adolescent females were included in the study however, females with gynecological, psychological or other medical problems were excluded from the study. Quantitative data were presented as percentage and/or mean + standard deviation. T-test was done to determine significance of difference between physical characteristics of females early age at menarche and reference age at menarche. T-test, chi square test and logistic regression analysis were done. We also evaluated correlation between age at menarche and physical parameters. The significance levels of the tests were considered at a significance level of 0.05. About one-four of study population acquired menarche at age below 12 years and remaining three-fourth acquired menarche at 12-14 years. Significant negative correlation was noted between age at menarche and body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, Waste circumference, Hip circumference, waist – hip ratio and waist- height ratio. Significant positive correlation was obtained between age at menarche and neck circumference. Significant association was observed between menarcheal age and study parameters. Logistic regression analysis suggests that body fat percentage, BMI, body weight, body fat distribution may be considered as risk factors for early menarche. Age at menarche is negatively correlate with BMI, body fat percentage, Waste circumference, Hip circumference, waist – hip ratio and waist- height ratio. Thus BMI, Body fat% and central obesity markers are considered as determinant of age at menarche.

Клінічні особливості порушень менструальної функції, асоційованих із психопатологією

The health of the younger generation is a public value. Today, the state of health of teenage girls is of particular concern due to its progressive deterioration. Purpose - to study the features of the clinical course of menstrual function disorders in adolescent girls with comorbid mental health disorders. Materials and methods. 154 girls aged 11-17 were examined with menstrual cycle disorders (77 with oligomenorrhea (OM) and 77 with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)). Assessment of physical and sexual development, age of menarche was carried out. Depending on the examination by a psychiatrist, all girls with OM and AUB were divided into groups: without deviations in mental status, with anxiety-phobic disorders and depressive states. Results. It was found that the average growth indicators were probably higher in girls with OM in relation to adolescents with AUB, especially in the presence of psychopathology. The use of BMI did not reveal a significant difference when comparing patients with OM and AUB. Abnormalities of sexual development were probably more often registered in patients with AUB, with its advance, this acquired a significant difference (p˂0.01) and depended on both body mass index (BMI) and psychopathology. If the percentage of patients with disorders of sexual development did not differ depending on psychopathology in girls with AUB, then in adolescents with OM, the specific weight of girls with abnormalities of sexual development increased with the appearance of psychopathology. The average age of menarche was significantly lower in patients with AUB compared to patients with OM (p˂0.003). Early menarche was more typical for AUB. Much more often in adolescents with AUB, it was registered with normative fluctuations of BMI and its excess, as well as with anxiety-phobic disorders both with AUB and OM. Conclusions. The analysis of the conducted studies indicates reliable differences regarding the clinical course of menstrual function disorders by the type of OM and AUB with comorbid psychopathology. It was established that there are significant differences in such indicators as growth, puberty, time of menarche, which depended on the type of menstrual disorders and comorbid psychopathology. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

Analysis of risk factors of precocious puberty in children

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to explore the related factors of precocious puberty in children.Methods1239 children who underwent physical examination in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were analyzed, including 198 precocious children and 1041 normal children. According to the age of 198 precocious children and 1041 normal children, 205 normal children were selected, and the remaining 836 normal children were excluded. They were divided into precocious group and normal group. The general data of the two groups were recorded. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of precocious puberty in children.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two groups in sex, bone age, daily exercise time, E2, FSH, LH, leptin, mother’s menarche time, living environment, consumption of nutritional supplements, consumption of foods containing pigments and preservatives, consumption of high-protein foods, and sleeping time. The multifactor logistic regression analysis shows that the risk factors of children’s precocious puberty included gender (female), bone age (> 10 years old), and daily exercise time (< 0.9 h), E2 (≥ 66.00pmol/L), FSH (≥ 6.00U/L), LH (≥ 3.50U/L), leptin (≥ 8.00 µ G/L), mother’s menarche time (< 12 years old), living environment (chemical industry zone), consumption of nutritional supplements (often), consumption of high-protein food (often), and sleep time (< 10 h).ConclusionIn conclusion, children’s gender, bone age, exercise habits, E2, FSH, LH, leptin, mother’s menarche time, living environment, eating habits, sleep time and other factors are closely related to precocious puberty in children. Reminding parents to actively prevent related factors in clinical work is helpful to prevent the occurrence of precocious puberty in children.

Exploring the effect of early menarche on sexual violence among adolescent girls and young women in southeastern Ghana: a longitudinal mediation analysis

Research from several high-income countries links early menarche with an increased risk for sexual violence. However, the role of early menarche in adolescent girls’ and young women’s sexual violence risk in sub-Saharan Africa, where sexual violence rates are high, is not well understood. The current study explores the association between early menarche and sexual violence in Ghana with secondary analysis of data collected from 700 adolescent girls and young women followed over three years. Logistic regressions were used to assess the cross-sectional association between early menarche and sexual violence. Generalised estimating equations were used to assess whether the association between early menarche and sexual violence persisted over time. Inverse odds weighting was used to test potential mediators of the association between early menarche and sexual violence. Sexual violence was fairly common in the study sample, with 27% reporting having experienced sexual violence at baseline, and approximately 50% at year three. Early menarche was associated with 72% greater odds of having experienced sexual violence at baseline (95% confidence interval: 1.01–2.93). However, the odds ratio attenuated and lost significance over the three-year study period, with a lower risk of sexual violence among girls with early menarche at year three. Neither child marriage nor early sexual initiation significantly mediated the association between early menarche and sexual violence. The findings suggest that early-maturing girls may be particularly vulnerable to sexual violence in early adolescence, thus necessitating prevention interventions around the time of menarche to reduce the risk for sexual violence.