Times Period Research Articles

DARK TIMES IN EKA KURNIAWAN’S NOVEL BEAUTY IS A WOUND

The purpose of this research is to find out the dark times experiences that the protagonist undergoes in the novel Beauty is A Wound written by Eka Kurniawan in i 2002. This novel tells the story of Dewi Ayu who is willing to be trampled by the power of the Japanese army, because Dewi Ayu wants to save her best friend’s mother. Dark times is a natural feeling which, if unfelt, will stay in one’s array of unresolved trauma knots. This research uses qualitative method in which the data are taken by quoting the relevant proofs from the novel then analyzing them and making the conclusion in the description forms. The findings show that the dark times undergone by the protagonist’s gives negative impact to her life. The dark times period experienced by the protagonist covers violence, slavery, social status discrimination, and being a single parent. The dark period experienced by the protagonist makes her feel sad, but i, precisely, makes her much stronger to live. It is reflected here how she negotiates with the colonizers in defending his life, although, it does not stop until the end of the colonial period and she lives as a prostitute until the end of her life.

Evaluasi Banjir di Kecamatan Bula Kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur

Bula District is strategic region in Seram Bagian Timur Regency which often experienced flood event especially in downstream areas. Flood Event that occurs causing loss of materials, even human life. This research was conducted to identify inundation that caused by the flood using two-dimensional inundation model. Model’s component consists of three part those are hydrology module, flood routing and inland flooding. Flood simulation result was calibrated with flood observation map in Bula District. Flood simulation resulted with flood discharge 25-year times period shows that inundation area that probably happen in Bula District is 5,4 km2 and flood volume that probably happen is 7,406,708 m3. Bila Besar Watershed contribute >70% to flood event that occurs based on inundation area and flood volume. Based on map overlay between simulation result into Satellite Google Imagery shows that 31.8% of 2,390 unit building in Bula District probably inundated by flood.

Web usage analysis of Pillar 3 disclosed information by deposit customers in turbulent times

Market discipline has been a scrutinized area since the last financial crisis in 2008. Regulators strengthened their role particularly through Pillar 3 in Basel III. However, there are still some aspects of market discipline that deserve special attention to avoid future failures. This study focuses on the analysis of the interest and behaviour of deposit stakeholders based on website data dedicated to disclosures of commercial bank in Slovakia during and after turbulent times (period 2009–2012). The data consists of log files, and web mining techniques were applied (the modelling of web user behaviour in dependence on time - based on the proposals of the authors). The results show that also in turbulent times, stakeholders’ interest in Pillar 3 disclosures is low (in line with (Munk, Pilkova, Benko, & Blažeková, 2017)) and the highest interest was identified for the Pricing List category. After turbulent times, Pillar 3 categories (Pillar 3 related information and Pillar 3 disclosures) have weak interest, with peaks at the beginning of the year, and the highest increase was in the Business Conditions category. The results suggest that the enhancement of interest of key stakeholders in disclosures inevitably requires changes to deliver sufficient disclosure data structures and to design a disclosure policy that fulfils regulatory expectations.

Particulate Matter Removal Ability of Ten Evergreen Trees Planted in Korea Urban Greening

Broad-leaved evergreen trees create urban forests for mitigation of climate warming and adsorption of particulate matter (PM). This study was performed to identify the species suitable for urban greening by examining the adsorption capacity of the evergreen species in urban areas in Korea, the adsorption points and the elemental composition of PM in the adsorbed tree. Leaf sampling was carried out four times (period of seven months from October 2017 to May 2018) and used after drying (period 28 to 37 days). Particulate matter (PM) was classified and measured according to size PM2.5 (0.2–2.5 μm), PM10 (2.5–10 μm), PM100 (10–100 μm). The total amount of PM adsorbed on the leaf surface was highest in Pinus densiflora (24.6 μg∙cm−2), followed by Quercus salicina (47.4 μg∙cm−2). The composition of PM adsorbed by P. densiflora is 4.0% PM2.5, 39.5% PM10 and 56.5% PM100, while those adsorbed by Q. salicina are evergreen at 25.7% PM2.5, 27.4% PM10 and 46.9% PM100. When the amount of PM adsorbed on the leaf was calculated by LAI, the species that adsorbed PM the most was P. densiflora, followed by Q. salicina, followed by Q. salicina in the wax layer, then P. densiflora. As a result of this study, the amount of PM adsorbed per unit area of leaves, and the amount of PM calculated by LAI, showed a simpler pattern. The hardwoods had a high adsorption rate of PM2.5. The adsorption ratio of ultra-fine PM2.5 by evergreen broad-leaved trees was greater than that of coniferous trees. Therefore, broad-leaved evergreens such as Q. salicina are considered very suitable as species for adsorbing PM in the city. PM2.5 has been shown to be adsorbed through the pores and leaves of trees, indicating that the plant plays an important role in alleviating PM in the atmosphere. As a result of analyzing the elemental components of PM accumulated on leaf leaves by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/ energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) analysis, it was composed of O, C, Si, and N, and was found to be mainly generated by human activities around the road. The results of this study provide basic data regarding the selection of evergreen species that can effectively remove aerial PM. It also highlights the importance of evergreen plants for managing PM pollution during the winter and provides insights into planning additional green infrastructure to improve urban air quality.

Extended policy mix in the power sector: How a coal phase-out redistributes costs and profits among power plants

With the phase-out of coal power plants, the existing mix of instruments aimed at decarbonising electricity sectors is getting more complex. This paper contributes to its understanding by highlighting the impact of coal phase-out, CO2-price and increasing capacity of variable renewable energies on contribution margins of power plants. By visualizing these three instruments in a brownfield screening curves model (SCM), their fundamental effects on plant operation, electricity price and margins become apparent at a glance. Moreover, the SCM allows to derive generic statements about winners and losers on the supply side. Results are then quantified within a case study for Germany using the power sector model E2M2. The high resolution regarding time and generation system permits a realistic simulation of electricity prices and thus of margins at plant level.We conclude that 1) margins between technologies and plants within the same technology vary significantly, in extreme cases by 9.5 times (period 2020–2050). And 2) the impact of a coal phase-out declines when the other two policies become more stringent. E.g. for an old lignite plant, a coal phase-out in a moderate political environment causes a loss in margin of 47%, whereas the loss is only 16% in an ambitious environment.

PENGARUH KEUANGAN ISLAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI NEGARA BERPENDUDUK MAYORITAS ISLAM DI ASEAN

This study aims to look at the influence of Islamic finance on the economic growth of Muslim-majority countries in ASEAN. The data used is panel data over the 2004-2018 times period in the three Islamic Majority Country in ASEAN. The variable used are economic growth (Y), Islamic Financial Depth (X2), Islamic banking asset (X2), and Islamic Banking Activiti (X3). This research method uses panel data analysis. This study found that the Islamic Financial Depth variable had a signficant effect on economic growth, the variable Islamic banking asset and Islamic banking activities had a signficant effect on economics growth with alpha 0.05. Overall there is a signficant influence of Islamics financial variables on economic growth in Muslim-majority countries in ASEAN. Therefore, the government must support activity related to Islamic finance especially in Islamic banking so that the performance of Islamics banking can maximize and contribute to economic activity and encourage economic growth.

Investigation the driving forces of land-use change in northeastern Iran: Causes and effects

Land-use change is the most important causes of disturbances in the natural environment. This process increases the severity of natural disasters such as floods, dust storms, etc. Moreover, it leads to major unnatural events such as water, soil and air pollution and land subsidence. The objective of this study was to determine land-use change trends, causes, and driving forces of changes in Taybad-Bakharz region, Iran, for two times period (1977–2001, 2001–2016). According to the results, the studied areas were classified into five land-use classes including; residential area, cropland, salty land, rangeland, and barren land. The barren lands and rangeland had the highest percentage of area in 1977, which covered 85.5% of the area in equal proportion. Irrigated and rainfed agriculture increased during both periods. The percentage of agricultural areas reached from 7.8% in 1977 to 9.7% in 2001, and 14.3% in 2016. Due to continuous growth in population from 50,000 in 1977 to 160,000 in 2016, the residential area's growth had been dynamic during two periods and increased from .14% to .4%. It was clearl that a major land-use change had occurred in Taybad-Bakharz region. During 40 years, the capable lands converted to the agriculture lands. Three factors that have been led to increasing agriculture areas are technology and agricultural machinery entry, deep well drilling industry, and wet years that encouraged people to cultivated lands.

TWO-DIMENSIONAL PHYSICAL MODELLING IN THE ESTUARIES OF AUR RIVER

Musi River is the main river with a river length of more than 750 km and the average width of 540 m which is still affected by the tides of seawater from the thirteen existing river basin systems. Aur River is one of a tributary of the Musi River located in the Seberang Hulu area of ​Palembang city. Aur River needs to do research related to the rise in water level in the river body if extreme rainfall occurs that will cause inundation in the upstream area of ​​the river. The study was conducted with a hydraulic model approach that is using a physical model of the channel with a scale model and data from existing prototypes and with the existing conditions and the running time of the model carried out for 1.50 hours with a certain period of time data collection is carried out both erosion and sedimentation data and later obtained patterns and the total amount of bed load at the estuary of river. The results of river erosion and sedimentation patterns later. The result of the research was sediment transport patterns with three times period are 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes so that the formed of erosion and sedimentation pattern with the total bed load be range 0.66 cubic meter per day from formula, 6.34 cubic meter per day from Einstein’s & Lane and 7.48 cubic meter per day from MPM formula.

Pengaruh Keuangan Islam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Negara Berpenduduk Mayoritas Islam di ASEAN

This study aims to look at the influence of Islamic finance on the economic growth of Muslim-majority countries in ASEAN. The data used is panel data over the 2004-2018 times period in the three Islamic Majority Country in ASEAN. The variable used are economic growth (Y), Islamic Financial Depth (X2), Islamic banking asset (X2), and Islamic Banking Activiti (X3). This research method uses panel data analysis. This study found that the Islamic Financial Depth variable had a signficant effect on economic growth, the variable Islamic banking asset and Islamic banking activities had a signficant effect on economics growth with alpha 0.05. Overall there is a signficant influence of Islamics financial variables on economic growth in Muslim-majority countries in ASEAN. Therefore, the government must support activity related to Islamic finance especially in Islamic banking so that the performance of Islamics banking can maximize and contribute to economic activity and encourage economic growth.

UP-quenched SAE 4130 steel: Mechanical properties assessment and bainite formation

This work focuses on the effect of Up-Quenching experimentation on mechanical properties of SAE 4130 steel. In that sense, the effect of time and temperature of Up-quenching on hardness, yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation, and toughness of this automotive steel were investigated. Up-quenching of the austenitized specimens were performed in the temperatures range between 350 to 500 °C for the times period between 20 to 60 min. Mechanical properties were evaluated by means of tensile and hardness tests. In addition, Charpy impact tests were done to measure the fracture energy of the specimens. Microstructural analyses, including texture development and fracture surfaces analyses, were done using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Results showed that UP-quenching has positive contribution on hardness, UTS, Elongation% (EL%) and toughness. The results of the present work are useful to control the mechanical properties of SAE 4130 steel via changing the heat treatment parameters. Electron microscopy results showed that the maximum amount of bainite was observed at 450 °C. And the optimum microstructure, that provides the best mechanical properties, is formed in the case of Up-quenching at 450 °C for 20 min {100} pole figures for the Up-quenching in 20 min were constructed and showed that at different Up-quenching temperatures, textured structures with the main components of S, Brass, Copper and Cube are attainable. Texture components were substantially weak in the cases of non-optimum temperatures of Up-quenching. Texture intensity was quite high for the Up-quenching case situation of 450 °C. As well, non-cube textures of S, Brass, and to some extent Copper, were developed for the Up-quenching condition of 450 °C, which clarified the acceptable combination of mechanical properties in this condition. Finally, fracture surfaces examination showed that increasing the temperature and time of Up-quenching leads to lower of porosity that is better distributed in the microstructure.

Considerations for transferring an operational dynamic ocean management tool between ocean color products

Satellite remote sensing data are critical for assessing ecosystem state and evaluating long-term trends and shifts in ecosystem components. Many operational tools rely on continuous streams of remote sensing data, and when a satellite sensor reaches the end of its designed lifespan, these tools must be transferred to a more reliable data stream. Transferring between data streams can produce discontinuities in tool products, and it is important to quantify these downstream impacts and understand the mechanisms that cause discontinuity. To illustrate the complexities of tool transfer, we compare five products for ocean chlorophyll-a, which is a proxy for phytoplankton biomass and an important input for tools that monitor marine biophysical processes. The five chlorophyll-a products included three blended products and two single sensor products from MODIS and VIIRS. We explored the downstream impacts of tool transfer using EcoCast: an operational dynamic ocean management tool that combines real-time predictions from target and bycatch species distribution models to produce integrated surfaces of fishing suitability. EcoCast was operationalized using MODIS chlorophyll-a, and we quantify the impacts of transferring to the intended replacement of MODIS, VIIRS, and test if impacts can be minimized by using a blended chlorophyll-a product instead. Differences between chlorophyll products did not linearly propagate through to the species model predictions and the integrated fishing suitability surfaces. Instead, differences in species model predictions were determined by the shape of chlorophyll-a response curves in the species models relative to chlorophyll-a differences between sensors. However, differences in the integrated fishing suitability surfaces were reduced by canceling of differences from individual species model predictions. Differences in the integrated fishing suitability surfaces were not reduced by transferring to a blended product, highlighting the complexity of transferring operational tools between different remote sensing data products. These results contribute to our general understanding of the mechanisms by which transferring between data streams impacts downstream products. To aid decision-making regarding tool transfer, we developed an interactive web application that allows end-users to explore differences in chlorophyll products within times period and regions of interest.

Locoregional therapies in patients with recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after curative resection

Background:Hepatectomy is one potential treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). Recurrent rate is high after curative resection and most recurrences occur within residual liver parenchyma. The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of different treatment modalities on recurrent diseases in patients with IHCC after primary liver resection.Methods:Between February 1999 and December 2015, we retrospectively identified patients who received curative resection for IHCC. Patients who experienced recurrences were included. Locoregional therapies included re-hepatectomy, radiofrequent ablation, and transhepatic arterial chemoembolization. These patients were categorized into three groups: intrahepatic recurrence without locoregional therapies (group A), intrahepatic recurrence with locoregional therapies (group B) and extrahepatic metastases (group C).Results:Forty-three patients were included and there were 12, 15, and 16 patients in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The median disease-free survival times were 8.3, 9.1, and 8.7 months in groups A, B, and C (p = 0.099). The median after-recurrence overall survival times (period between recurrence and death/censor) were 6.4, 34.0, and 8.3 months in groups A, B, and C (p = 0.001). Locoregional therapies showed favorable benefit in multivariant analysis (hazard ratio: 0.274, confidence interval: 0.083–0.908, p = 0.010).Conclusion:Locoregional therapies offered favorable benefits for patients with recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Nickel uptake in Symbiodynium spp. and host cnidarian -assessment using the model cnidarian Exaiptasia pallida

Start Nickel (Ni) is common marine pollutant and derived from discharge of industries, mining and agriculture. Elevated Ni concentrations, could be harmful the organisms in marine environment such as corals reef. The sea anemones Exaiptasia pallida has been widely used for toxicity tests in the laboratory because it is easy to maintain and culture in contained aquarium conditions. To understand the pathway of uptake and storage of elevated Ni between the sea anemone host and symbiotic algae, and the model sea anemone E. pallida was exposed to three different Ni concentrations (500 xg/L, 1000 xg/L, 2000 xg/L) and control treatment over 9 days and 18 days. Ni accumulation was assessed in both the host anemone tissues and the Symbiodinium spp. The concentration of Ni was measured using Perkin Elmer NexION 300D ICPMS (Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrophotometry) after sampel digestion. The statistical analysis was completed using R version 3.5.0 (R core team 2013) R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienne, Austria. The model was chosen by Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) after to comparing between model options. Shapiro-Wilks test was used to verify the normal distribution of the date set to be analysed.The overall result showed the accumulation of nickel was highest in Symbiodinium spp. (212.62 + 50.12 mg/Kg) after a 9 days exposure period in concentration 2000 xg/L while 18 days exposure period was less ( 129.66 + 31,94 mg/Kg) in concentration 2000 xg/L. The lower uptake of Ni in Symbiodinium spp. in the longer exposure time of 18 days compare to 9 days exposure might be due to the ability of Symbiodinium spp. to release the Ni through their metabolism or the Ni dose may have inhibited normal function of the algae, although the accumulation of both times period was significantly higher than the control treatments. Meanwhile, host anemones accumulated 77.43 + 6.28 mg/Kg Ni over 9 days exposure period and the 2000 xg/L treatment and increased after 18 days exposure in concentration 2000 xg/L (45.54 + 4.12 mg/Kg).The result of these finding highlight the importance of understanding the metal accumulation in host and cnidarian. This is particularly important if these species are used in biomonitoring studies where bleaching may occur due to stress, but may in effect be a depuration pathway for metal load, masking the biological uptake and interaction between metal and organisms.

An integrated framework of genetic network programming and multi-layer perceptron neural network for prediction of daily stock return: An application in Tehran stock exchange market

Evolutionary algorithms are generally used to find or generate the best individuals in a population. Whenever these algorithms are applied to agent systems, they will lead to optimal solutions. Genetic Network Programming (GNP), which contains graph networks, is one of the developed evolutionary algorithms. When the aim is to forecast the share price or return, ascending and descending trends, volatilities, recent returns, fundamental and technical factors have remarkable impacts on the prediction. This is why technical indicators are used to constitute a set of trading rules. In this paper, we apply an integrated framework consisting of GNP model along with a reinforcement learning and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network to classify data and also time series models to forecast the stock return. Moreover, we utilize rules of accumulation based on the GNP model’s results to forecast the return. The aim of using these models alongside one another is to estimate one-day return. The results derived from 9 stocks with regard to the Tehran Stock Exchange Market. GNP extracts a prodigious number of rules on the basis of 5 technical indicators with 3 times period. Next, MLP network classifies data and finds the similarity between future data and past data concerning a stock (5 sub-period) through classification. Subsequently, a number of conditions are established, in order to choose the best estimation between GNP-RL and ARMA. Distinct comparison with the ARMA–GARCH model, which is operated for return estimation and risk measurement in many researches, demonstrates an extended forecasting power of the proposed model, by the name of GNP–ARMA, reducing error by a mean of 16%.

THE CLINICAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SCHEMES OF GRADED ANTI-BACTERIAL THERAPY AS A LEVEL OF AMELIORATION OF QUALITY OF MEDICAL CARE SUPPORT OF PATIENTS WITH UROLOGICAL PATHOLOGY

The necessity of implementing clinical economic studies was conditioned by a significant prevalence of infections of urinary tracts, wide variety and high cost of antibacterial pharmaceuticals for their treatment. The sampling included 539 cases of application of step schemes of antibiotics treatment in patients of urological departments in 2014-2015. Overall, six the most prevalent schemes (87.4% of all cases) were picked out. Every scheme was analyzed by application rate, clinical efficiency, treatment cost and average duration of patient stay in hospital. The most clinical efficiency was established for the scheme that included amoxicillin + сlavulanic acid in injection and peroral components without implementing peri-operational antibiotics prevention (97.7%). However, period of hospitalization was in average 2.9 days longer and transition of patient from injection component of therapy to a peroral one occurred 2.3 days later than in case of application of the same pharmaceutical in combination with peri-operational antibiotics prevention (efficiency index 96.0%). It is established that the scheme with amikacin being from economic point of view the most attractive one (cost of treatment is 2.5-6.1 times lower and period of hospitalization the shortest) and differing by high clinical efficiency (95.2%) is applied only in 4.4% of analyzed cases because amikacin has many side effects restricting its application in medical practice. The received information permits physician to rationally prescribe optimal schemes of treatment that decreases costs of therapy, risk of development of complications initiated by antibacterial therapy and also increases quality of life of patient.

Quantum and Non-Quantum Formulation of Eye’s Adaptation to Light’s Intensity Increments

Context and background: A quantum formulation of vision in vertebrates was proposed in the early 1940s. The number of quanta useful for enabling vision was found. The time interval required for their absorption, however, was never specified. In the early 1950s, experimental data on the effects of light’s intensity increment on vision indicated that the quantum formulation is true only at low light’s intensities. In this case, a vaguely described signaling adaptation mechanism was invoked to explain the separation between vision at low and high intensities, accompanied by the switch from rod to cones as photoreceptors. Motivation: In this article, we want to prove the validity of the non-totally-quantum formulation and unveil the nature of the signaling adaptation mechanism. Hypothesis: To accomplish our proof, we hypothesize that the amount of energy transferred and conserved in light’s interaction with the eyes is given by the product of light’s intensity (or power) times its period. Method: We construct and use the plots of the trends of light’s intensity increments and the corresponding changes in the axon’s membrane capacitance versus adapting intensity. Results: We find that 1) the average solar light’s intensity is the critical value that separates low from high light’s intensity regimes in vision, and 2) changes in the capacitance of the axon’s membrane enable the signaling adaptation of vision when light’s intensity changes. Conclusions: We prove the validity of the non-totally-quantum formulation and unveil the nature of the signaling adaptation mechanism. Our proof is supported by the model based on light’s intensity times period as being the energy conserved in light-matter interaction This model suggests that 1) all the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum, at the correct intensity for each frequency, could be used to produce the effects of optogenetics in diagnostics and therapy, and 2) it takes seconds to minutes to see details in the dark when light is switched off.

Sensitization of TiO2 nanosheets with Cu–biphenylamine framework to enhance photocatalytic degradation performance of toxic organic contaminants: synthesis, mechanism and kinetic studies

TNS/Cu(X) composite materials were firstly synthesized via simple overnight stirring of TNS in the methanolic solution of Cu complexes. The developed TNS/Cu(X) composites had a well-designed nanostructure, in which the TNS and Cu complexes were closely bounded with each other. The biphenylamine complexes fixed on the TNS surface in form of nanocapsules, which were confirmed by TEM and SEM, thus improving the surface area and subsequently charge separation. Innovatively merged photocatalysts of Cu complexes with TNS were successfully verified for photocatalytic mineralization of colored and colorless organic contaminants under the visible light degradation. As compared to original TNS, TNS/Cu(BA) showed prominent improvement in the catalytic actions. Kinetics i.e. t1/2 (half-life times period), Kapp, and R2 (linear regression co-efficient) were also studied. The amended materials created charge separation, by means of electrons gathering at the higher CB, and holes gathering at the lower level valence band of the Cu complex, therefore improving mineralization efficiency of the electrons and holes. TNS/Cu(BA) degrade 99%–99.6% of methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine B (RhB) dyes at 120 min, and 160 min, respectively, and 68% of phenol and 53% of TCP were destroyed in 180 min. The resilient holes can directly destroy MO, RhB, phenol, and TCP.

Effective school cooperative-mart queuing system

Queuing Theory is a branch of knowledge in operation research that concerning the analysis of queues when a customer arrives at a service centre and shall queue in a line to get some service. The theory pays attention to how organizations can serve a large number of customers who demand a quality services and a queue of customers waiting to be served. Eventually, the store owners have to attend to large numbers of customers at a time have attempted to measure and manage queues to reduce the customer procession time. Besides, to increase sales and profit, productivity and operation efficiency, satisfaction levels and customer loyalty in using the service provided. In line to the situation, this study is to determine the effectiveness of the waiting line using Queuing Theory at cooperative-mart. Until today, no research conducted about school cooperatives-mart to observe and solve the massive inflow of customers at lines at a given time especially during lunch hour. The purposes of this study are to determine the customer congestion at the payment counter and to propose the effective queuing system at Cooperative-mart. Waiting and services times of customers at cooperative-mart is studied in three times period that to be considered as peak hours in two types of counter which are for male and female. Data collection was observed by using queuing theory and the M/M/1/∞/∞ queuing model has been implemented. The results show that for optimum service level, the counter must be changed from one to two counters each side. The summary and finding of the study shall be used as guideline for the management of cooperative-mart in deciding improvement of its operation.

ANALISIS LOT SIZING LEAST UNIT COST UNTUK EFISIENSI BIAYA PERSEDIAAAN RESIN ALKID

One of the important aspects of a production that is inventory control of raw materials To have more material stock stored than what is needed by a company will not only raise the cost of interest, the cost of treatment and storage but also the possibility of the decrease of the materials´ quality which would affect the benefit of a company Therefore, this research used Lot Sizing MRP technique with Least Unit Cost (LUC) to minimize the total cost of materials stock.This research was done at Home Industry Multicoating on Resin Alkid material only in production of Nitrocelullosa Cleargloss (NC) paint. To order the material in the same amount weekly even though the use of the material is different at each time of production causes big amount of left-over to be stored. In 2015, The inventory cost of the materials by home industry method was IDR 96.741.158 in 48 times period of order and the inventory cost of materials by lot sizing MRP along with LUC was IDR 36.804.000. In 2016, after estimating the use of the materials, the inventory cost of materials by home industry method was IDR 90.248.581 in 48 times period of order whereas the inventory cost of materials by lot sizing MRP along with LUC method was IDR 33,848,581

Configurable Architectures for Multi-Mode Floating Point Adders

This paper presents two architectures for floating point (FP) adders, which operates in multi-mode configuration with multi-precision support. First architecture (named QPdDP) works in dual-mode which can operates either for quadruple precision or two-parallel double precision. The second architecture (named QPdDPqSP) works in tri-mode which is able to compute either of a quadruple precision, two-parallel double precision and four-parallel single precision computations. The architectures are based on the standard state-of-the-art flow for FP adder which supports the computation of normal and sub-normal operands, along with the support for the exceptional case handling. The key components in the architecture, such as comparator, swap, dynamic shifters, leading-one-detector (LOD), mantissa adders/subtractors, and rounding circuit, are re-designed and optimized for multi-mode computation, to enable efficient resource sharing for multi-precision operands. The data-path in each multi-mode architecture is tuned for multi-precision support with minimal multiplexing circuitry overhead. These proposed architectures provide multi-precision SIMD support for lower precision operands, along with high precision computational support, and thus, have a better resource utilization. A fully pipelined version of both adder architectures are presented. The proposed adder architectures are synthesized using UMC 90 nm technology ASIC implementation. The proposed architectures are compared with the best available literature works, and have shown better design metrics in terms of area, delay and $area\times period$ , along with more computational support.