Times Of Economic Recovery Research Articles

Trajectories in mental health and socio-spatial conditions in a time of economic recovery and austerity: A longitudinal study in England 2011-17.

This paper examines trends in mental health among adults in England during the period of economic recovery and austerity following the 2008 'great recession'. We report analysis of data on 17,212 individuals living in England, from the longitudinal Understanding Society Survey (USS). We examined how individual's self-reported mental health over time (2011-2017), related to their changing socio-geographical status. Self-reported mental health is reported in the USS using version 2 of the SF12 Mental Component Summary. Trends in this score (across 5 observations per subject) were categorised into Mental Health Trajectory Groups (MHTGs) using Group Based Trajectory Modelling. We used maximum-likelihood multinomial logit models to estimate for individuals the relative likelihood of belonging to different Mental Health Trajectory categories as compared with a 'base' category, for whom mental health was good and stable throughout the period. We focus on likelihood of belonging to a group showing 'declining' mental health. Predictor variables included individuals' attributes and area conditions in their places of residence (including Office of National Statistics indicators of local employment deprivation and data on average income loss within districts due to welfare benefit reforms, published by the Centre of Regional Economic and Social Research at Sheffield Hallam University, UK). Our results emphasise the multiple socio-geographical 'determinants' likely to be operating on individual mental health. Declining mental health was associated both with conditions at the start of the study period and with social and socio-geographical mobility by the end of the study period. Risks of declining mental health were significantly greater for more deprived individuals and also (controlling for individual attributes) among those living in English neighbourhoods that were already economically disadvantaged at the beginning of the 'great recession' and located in districts where average incomes were most severely impacted by the effects of governmental austerity programmes on welfare benefits.

Assessing the impact of resource efficiency on selected case studies in Ireland

In the EU, construction and the use of buildings account for 50% of final energy consumption, approximately 35% of greenhouse gas emissions, more than 50% of all extracted materials, 30% of water consumption by the population and 35% of total generated waste, annually. In Ireland, there has been a clear connection between construction output, construction and demolition production and energy use. During this time of economic recovery, there is a unique opportunity to decouple this connection and rethink the built environment to one that embraces material cycles that have net positive environmental benefits. This study used an action research methodology to benchmark the effectiveness of implementing a series of resource efficiency measures during the construction phase of four case studies with a small-to-medium enterprise building contractor. The implementation of these measures in the case studies produced cost savings of €14 567.70 representing 0.48% of the total project value (€3 050 032). The total energy savings were estimated to be 11 373.09 kWh and it was estimated that 176.751 t of materials were prevented from being placed in site skips. The total reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the implemented measures was 52.263 t.

Being NEET in Europe Before and After the Economic Crisis: An Analysis of the Micro and Macro Determinants

In this paper, we analyse the main determinants of the propensity to NEET status in a selection of European countries. The NEET rate is the share of young people, aged between 19 and 30 years, not in Employment, Education or Training. In treating the 19–24 and 25–30 cohorts separately, our hypothesis is that for the younger cohort NEET status is mainly influenced by the school-to-work transition while for the older cohort this status is primarily due to labour market functioning and institutional factors. We apply different specifications of multilevel models with binary outcomes accounting for both personal and macro-economic factors which afford advantages over simple logit models. Estimates refer to 2007 and 2016 in order to verify how the economic crisis changed NEET status. The results confirm our hypothesis, highlighting the crucial role on the NEET propensity of the school-to-work transition in the first approach to the labour market, but also the strong influence of long-term unemployment, confirming the structural nature of the NEET phenomenon especially in countries where NEET levels remain high even during times of economic recovery.

Детерминанты буфера ликвидности коммерческого банка

Необходимость глубокого понимания вопросов создания и управления ликвидностью, а также определения факторов, которые влияют на формируемый банками буфер ликвидности, открывает широкие возможности для исследований в данной области. В статье представлены результаты эмпирического исследования, в ходе которого изучено воздействие внутрибанковских и макроэкономических факторов на процесс создания ликвидности банка, определяемой как его способность своевременно, в полном объеме и без потерь выполнять свои обязательства перед клиентами и контрагентами. На основе банковской статистики на микроуровне был выявлен ряд факторов, оказывающих влияние на размер буфера ликвидности российских кредитных организаций. По результатам регрессионного анализа было установлено, что размер банка и степень устойчивости его ресурсной базы имеют обратную взаимосвязь с величиной создаваемого буфера ликвидности: чем крупнее и устойчивее банк, тем меньше ликвидных активов он держит на балансе. Рост уровня доходности активов и усиление кредитного риска, напротив, способствуют увеличению размера буфера ликвидности: банки, расширяющие объемы кредитования и предполагающие высокие потери по ссудам в будущем, стараются инвестировать больше средств в ликвидные активы. Авторы не нашли убедительного статистического подтверждения теоретическим предположениям о том, что форма собственности (банки с государственным или иностранным участием) и величина страхового покрытия оказывают какое-либо влияние на размер буфера ликвидности. Согласно результатам исследования макроэкономические факторы (темпы роста ВВП, изменение ставки фондирования и периоды кризиса в экономике) показали значимое воздействие на буфер ликвидности российских банков. Кроме того, было выявлено, что процесс создания буфера ликвидности имеет процикличный характер: банки накапливали ликвидность в периоды экономического подъема и расходовали ее в кризисное время. Разработанная авторами методика оценки и результаты исследования могут представлять практический интерес как для менеджмента, осуществляющего управление ликвидностью на уровне отдельной кредитной организации, так и для регулятора, отвечающего за стабильность банковского сектора в целом.

Financial difficulties, health and wellbeing at a time of economic recovery: Living with the legacy of austerity Britain

Background The link between financial difficulties and deteriorating health has long been supported in public health and social policy literature. U.S. scholars have highlighted the health impacts of the Clinton-era welfare reforms on ‘at-risk’ groups such as single parents, children and people already in poor health. Most of this work used quantitative data, leading to a lack of in-depth research on the impact upon health of those affected by financial difficulties. This study addresses this gap by reviewing the accounts …

The Role of Cultural Promotion As an Integral Component of Leipzig’s Urban Development

After the reunification in 1990, Leipzig—as well as other East German cities—had to face the challenges of the new political-administrative system and an open global economy. Through the systematic implementation of its evolving urban development strategies, the city has developed positively in many areas. After the German reunification, most of Leipzig’s districts lacked cultural leisure services that would have been fit for all age groups and close to their homes. In the early 1990s, the establishment of such urgently needed socio-cultural centers was initiated on the one hand by official authorities and on the other by the citizens themselves. Many newly founded associations and initiatives strove hard to maintain the existing or to develop new cultural activities. In order to implement the latter, they were not only interested in the already established cultural sites, but particularly in former industrial structures or other buildings with a rich historical background. The best project in this effort is the world-famous Spinnerei. These urban environments offered vast opportunities for artists, the independent scene, cultural workers and creative industries alike. A large number of Leipzig’s cultural institutions originated from civic engagement and were then, in times of economic recovery, incorporated into municipal ownership. Nowadays, they are threatened to be re-privatized as the city’s means of cultural funding are gradually reaching their limits. But Leipzig planning officials still think that the promotion of cultural projects in the neighborhoods provides a climate where culture is respectfully seen as a precious opportunity for urban development. Through an extensive and varied offer of cultural activities, otherwise marginalized citizens can be integrated in social life and participate in democratic processes.

Recruiting and Selecting Leaders for Innovation

The problem. As organizations strive to compete in their respective markets during this time of economic recovery, human resource (HR) professionals are progressively being tasked with recruiting and selecting innovative talent to help keep their organizations ahead. This is especially true when it comes to innovative organizational leaders as they are increasingly difficult to source and select into an organization. The solution. There are a variety of strategies HR professionals should consider to ensure that their organization is able to compete for innovative leaders. In this review, we discuss several approaches for identifying and selecting innovative candidates into an organization, including best practices for organizations of all sizes and budgets. Updated recruiting strategies, behavioral assessments, behaviorally based interviews and innovation-targeted succession planning are discussed. Stakeholders. This article is relevant to HR and HRD professionals who are engaged in defining or executing the recruitment and selection strategy in their organization. It will be especially important for those involved with recruiting mid- to high-level innovative leaders and professionals.

From the Editor: Brain Gain in an Outsourcing/Off-shoring Global Economy

Much has been written and discussed about globalization, outsourcing, and off-shoring in recent months. Clearly, domestic job losses in many sectors, paradoxically in a time of economic recovery, are getting intense scrutiny and political traction in an election year. However, there is a quieter and perhaps more ominous trend in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines that has important ramifications for the future.

PROPERTY YIELD TRENDS IN A FLUCTUATING ECONOMY

In the 1970s, yields on UK commercial investment property appear to have been influenced principally by the cost of long term capital and the rate of rental growth. Consequently, yields tended to respond to the economic cycle, falling in times of economic recovery and rising when the economy moved into recession. However, in the 1980s so far, yield trends appear anomalous by comparison. Yields failed to rise on the advent of the recession in 1980–81, despite a sharp rise in the cost of capital, yet rose in 1982 just when the economy began to emerge from recession, and have since continued to rise as economic recovery and rental growth have gathered pace. This paper seeks to explain recent movements in investment property yields and to reconcile these with trends in the 1970s. It concludes that the behaviour of yields in the 1980s can be explained by the dominance of institutional investors in the property market, and by their perception of the changing risk attributes of property (compared with alternative investments) which have resulted from changes taking place in the investment markets and the UK economy.