Times In Different Places Research Articles

Social Workers and Irregular Migrants in the Assistance Circuit: Making Sense of Paradoxical Inclusion

Despite restrictive policy frameworks, cities sometimes provide support to irregular migrants. Scholars have analysed these forms of inclusion, focusing on policies and tensions between inclusionary approaches by local or urban actors and exclusionary approaches by national or supranational authorities. This article seeks to shift the focus to the street level, examining how support is delivered, how it is experienced by different categories of irregular migrants, and how frontline social workers make sense of their work and foster “paradoxical inclusion.” To this end, the article first analyses the experiences of young North African irregular migrants in Geneva, Switzerland. Based on ethnographic research, we describe their everyday life in the “assistance circuit,” which forces them to follow a daily routine determined by the services offered at fixed times in different places. Over time, the young men develop a sense of entrapment and alienation, as well as escape strategies. Secondly, by examining the perspective of social workers, we show that the constraints associated with the assistance circuit reflect a social work paradigm that aims to keep people on the move, limit dependency and promote autonomy. This paradigm coexists with another, conflicting one, which can be described as palliative, but which also seems paradoxical to the irregular migrants who aspire to full participation in social and economic life. Overall, our study suggests an alternative interpretation of the limitations and paradoxes surrounding irregular migrants’ inclusion that complements policy‐oriented approaches.

The Political Economy of Crime: Did Universal Credit Increase Crime Rates?

AbstractInterest in the political economy of crime goes back to sociology’s founding fathers, but the nature of the relationship between restrictive social security systems and crime remains contested. This paper exploits exogenous variation in the introduction of Universal Credit (UC) to local areas across England and Wales to address this question. We first use fixed effects models, with a range of controls, to show that as UC enrolments increase in a given area, so does the crime rate. We then use interrupted time series analysis to show that, despite UC being rolled out at different times in different places, its introduction in each local area coincides with a positive shift in the trend in crime. These findings hold for total crime, property crime and violent crime. Borrowing from Strain Theory and Routine Activities Theory, we suggest that changes to the pool of motivated offenders may help to explain these correlations.

Traditional Wine Landscape as a Rural Heritage:

Verde wine has a traditional and unique range of patterns and processes of cultivation that result from the interactions between communities and environments. The result of this interaction characterizes the local wine culture and rural landscape and creates diversity of characteristics developed through times. In this context, vineyard historical landscape assures the range of differentiation of rural places and contributes to the image of wine as a cultural asset based on the cultural heritage accumulation and the slow transformation of the landscapes. Safeguard this historical resilient landscape could reinforce the local character in his own unicity, authenticity, significance, diversity as a testimony of identity. Safeguard the historical wine landscape promotes the preservation of old techniques and fragile tangible and intangible heritage condemned to disappearance with the new standardized exploitations.
 In this context, this study identifies the values of Verde wine landscape as a unique heritage in the world, aiming to safeguard this traditional landscape in the perspective of local communities with a tourism approach.
 The methodological approach is to analyse, reflect and open the debate about Verde wine landscape elements and characteristics, to evaluate its importance and residents´ satisfaction, and to compare aesthetic perceptions with other elements of Verde wine landscape. Quantitative approach with survey questionnaires was applied to residents of the Verde wine region.
 The results identify local wine culture and rural landscape and find the diversity of characteristics developed through times in different places. The residents find Verde wine landscape beautiful and attractive, and they are attached to the traditional Verde wine vineyards, quality of wine and quality of gastronomy.
 The study reinforces the safeguard of this historical resilient landscape and the local character in his own unicity, authenticity, significance, diversity as a testimony of identity. It promotes the preservation of traditional and ancient techniques and fragile tangible and intangible heritage of Verde wine.

The concentration of asbestos fibres during buildings exploitation analysis of concentration variability

The goal of the research was to determine of average asbestos dust values in different types of buildings and possible deviations from these values, when taking measurements in different rooms of the same building. Variability of fibres concentration was analyzed over short periods of time in different places of tested building. The study included various types of buildings containing asbestos, typical for Central and Eastern European countries with different construction. An analysis was made of the reasons for the diversity of dust concentrations ranging from < 300 to 16,000 fibres/m3 in connection with the building structure, asbestos location, degree of damage and intensity of building exploitation. Properly operated residential buildings containing asbestos inside outer sandwich walls features low concentration of dust < 300–400 f/m3. Novelty: Buildings not yet described by the literature were examined, as well as so-called emergency situations not related to the correct proceedings. This knowledge is necessary for the selection of technology in dismantling works and whether it is appropriate to remove asbestos from a given structure.

The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) is Not a Single Event

The Ordovician biodiversification is considered one of the most significant radiations in the marine ecosystems of the entire Phanerozoic. Originally recognized as the ‘Ordovician Radiation’, a label retained during most of the 1980s and 1990s, the term ‘Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event’ (GOBE) was coined in the late 1990s and was subsequently adopted by most of the scientific community. The Ordovician biodiversification, has always been considered as a long-term adaptive radiation, resulting in the sum of the different individual diversifications of all groups of marine organisms that occurred diachronously during the entire Ordovician. More recently, based on different palaeontological datasets, comprising data from different palaeogeographical areas, the Ordovician radiation has been interpreted to occur at different times in different places. This is most probably related to the palaeogeography of the Ordovician, when the major palaeocontinents were variously located in low latitudes to develop biodiversity ‘hotspots’ during different time intervals. In particular, some authors, using the potentially biased dataset of the Paleobiology Database (PBDB), have considered the GOBE to be an early Middle Ordovician global bio-event. Accordingly, the GOBE thus apparently corresponds to a relatively short time interval, with dramatic diversity fluctuations resulting in a profound change in marine environments at a global scale, visible by a major pulse in biodiversification of all fossil groups around the world. A critical analysis of the published biodiversity curves and of our own data confirm the traditional view; the Ordovician radiation is a complex, long-term process of multiple biodiversifications of marine organisms. Rapid increases in diversity can be identified for some fossil groups, at regional or palaeocontinental levels, in particular within limited datasets. However, a short, dramatic event that triggered major biodiversity pulses of all fossil groups at a global level at a particular time interval is an oversimplification.

Temporal trends in the Colonisation of the Pacific: Palaeodemographic Insights

The colonisation of eastern parts of the Pacific Islands was the last phase in the preindustrial expansion of the human species. Given the scale and challenges of the endeavour it is unsurprising that scholars have long been interested in understanding the conditions that drove and supported the exploration and settlement of this vast region. There has been speculation as to the influence of demographic factors, either as drivers or in some way regulating the rate and success of human expansion, but testing this has proven challenging. This study evaluates two hypotheses of population dynamics: the adaptation/resilience hypothesis, which proposes that populations respond to localised environmental conditions and changes in subsistence strategy, technology, differences in pathogen loads, and other events that occur at different times in different places; and the temporal hypothesis, which proposes that populations respond to major events such as climate change that occur in a region at an absolute point in, or over an absolute period of, time (noting that the two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive). Applying new methods for estimating the rate of natural population increase from human skeletal remains, this study utilised 23 samples to evaluate trends in population increase following the human expansion into the region. The results indicate a trend in population growth following colonisation, with initially high population growth, followed by a significant decrease and subsequently an increase in growth rates. The lack of a temporal trend may represent a high degree of heterogeneity in the impacts of climate change on individual archipelagos and islands.

مقامات التعبیر بمادة (لبث) فی القرآن الکریم وأسرارها البلاغیة

اتفقت کلمة العلماء على أن المفردة القرآنية غنية في إيحاءاتها، فياضة في عطاءاتها ودلالاتها؛ ولا عجب في ذلک، فالقرآن کلام الله الذي لا تنقضي عجائبه، ولا يفنى زاده، ولا يغيض معينه، ومن هذه المفردات - التي وقفت معها بالتأمل کثيرا- لفظة لبث وما تفرع عنها من مشتقاتها، فقد وردت في کتاب الله – تعالى- في کثير من المواضع، حتى بلغت زهاء واحد وثلاثين موضعا، وترتب على هذه الکثرة أن تنوعت صيغها، کما جاءت في سياقات متنوعة، ومقامات مختلفة، وذلک على النحو الذي وسعته هذه الدراسة، تفصيلا وتحليلا. وقد کان لهذا وذاک أثر کبير في تنوع دلالات هذه اللفظة، وکثرة فيوضاتها، وذلک على نحو ينطق بثراء المفردة القرآنية، وسعة عطائها، وعمق إيحائها، على أن صيغة الماضي التي تزيت بها تلک المادة هي ولم ترد صيغة تلبثوا إلا في موضع واحد في سورة الأحزاب، وتبين أن هذه الصيغة هي الأوفق بمقام التکذيب لدلالتها على الترقب والانتظار،وجاءت صيغة لبث في ترکيب جملة القصر بالنفي والاستثناء کثيرا؛ لتناسقها مع سياق الحديث الذي جاء في خطاب منکري البعث غالبا، وتلک سياقات تقتضي تأکيدا زائدا؛ وهو ما يجعل طريق القصر بالنفي والاستثناء أکثر مواءمة لها. الکلمات المفتاحية: التعبير، مقامات، لبث، القرآن، الأسرار، البلاغية. The Expression Contexts of the Term (labitha) in the Holy Qur’an and its Rhetorical Secrets Abdullah Muhammad Suleiman Hosseini Lecturer of rhetoric and criticism, Faculty of Arabic Language, Zagazig, Al-Azhar University. Email: drabdalla105@gmail.com Abstract: It is no wonder in that the Qur’an is the word of Allah. Its miracles do not cease, its eloquence is not exhausted, and its textual beauty and perfection are limitless. The scholars agreed that the Qur’anic vocabulary is rich in its suggestions as it overflows with its tendencies and connotations. One of these vocabularies, which I pondered a lot about its meaning, is the word “labitha” and its derivatives stemming from it. It was mentioned in many places in the Quran, as it occurred nearly thirty-one times in different places. As a result of such numerous occurrences of the term, its meanings varied, and it occurred in a variety of contexts and different places, as it is examined in this study, in detail. This had a great impact on the diversity of the connotations of this word, and the abundance of its overflowing, in a manner that shows the richness of the Qur’anic term, the breadth of its significance and the depth of its revelation. However, the past tense with which this term was employed is “labitha”. The wording of “talabbathou” [stay or wait] was mentioned only in one place in Surat al-Ahzab [The Confederates]. It turned out that this term is the most appropriate form of denial, indicating anticipation and waiting. The term labitha occurred frequently in the synthesis of the Qasr sentences [The Exception] in negation and exclusion, because it is consistent with the context that often came in the speech of the Baath [resurrection] deniers, and these are contexts that require excessive confirmation. This makes the use of the Qasr style by negation and exclusion more compatible with it. Key words: expression, maqamat, broadcast, Quran, secrets, rhetoric.

Tingkat Keanekaragaman Hewan Troblobionts pada Ekosistem Gua di Tajur Bogor Jawa Barat

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of diversity of Troglobionts animals, species composition, species dominance, and uniformity in the Cave of Tajur Bogor, West Java. The variables in this study consisted of survey methods by calculating diversity, dominance, uniformity, and species composition to find out what types of animals are in the ecosystem of the cave. Based on the results of research on animal species found there were 10 species of biota belonging to 3 transects with a total of 88 species of cavernous biota. The sample in this study used the 10x10 M line transect method three times in different places. Determination of line transect measurements in this study is based on differences in the environmental zone at the outermost point or cave line which is the starting point of line transect measurement. The results of statistical calculations are obtained as follows: diversity biota index (H ') in the range of 0.4168-0.9684, the index of species composition (P) ranges between 0.2386-0.3861, the uniformity index (E) range between 0,4304-1, and the dominance of type (C) ranges between 5,2118-5,2118. Based on the calculation of diversity, composition, uniformity, and dominance of the type of biota in the area of Tajur Bogor, West Java, at the low-moderate level. Overall the types of biota found in this study were 3 transects, generally producing different amounts during the study, the total biota species found in the cave consisted of 88 individuals from 14 families and 14 species while the highest composition of biota types in transect III where of the 34 species found throughout the transect, 33 were in the second transect and the lowest was in transect I with only 21 species.

The Beginnings of Translation Studies

It was in the 1970s that the object of study in literature departments began to change, under the impetus of novel approaches, some radically new and others renewed forms of older ones—structuralism, semiotics, intertextuality, psychoanalysis, pragmatics, deconstruction, reader-response theory, hermeneutics, discourse analysis, etc. Many (but not all) of these were French in origin, at least in part: the names of Lévi-Strauss, Barthes, Kristeva, Lacan, Derrida, Ricoeur, Foucault can be cited. And along with the change in the definition of the object of study came a change in the way literature departments defined themselves and their role. This is clear from the way department of literatures renamed themselves and introduced new programs. These changes came about at different times in different places, dependent in good part on the amount of access that existed to the publications—many of which were in French—but especially to the debates they gave rise to. It was in this context of expansion and of redefinition—presented here in terms of my own particular history—that an interest in translation, and later in Translation Studies, developed. Of course, translation was not an entirely new object of study; linguists and students of literature (especially of comparative literature) had on occasion acknowledged its existence, and even at times, its importance. However, it was only with the advent of the new approaches to texts, to reading, to interpretation, and to the context of the transmission of meaning(s) and of expression, that a conception of the importance of translation, and of its interest from a theoretical point of view, was able to develop. This led, in the 1980s, to the construction of a new discipline—Translation Studies.

Cover Feature: Recent Progress in Decoupled H2 and O2 Production from Electrolytic Water Splitting (ChemElectroChem 8/2019)

The Cover Feature shows decoupled water splitting electrolysis with the assistance of redox mediators. Representative redox mediators, including ferrocene-derivatized ammonium chloride, sodium ferrocyanide, phosphmolybdic acid, and hydroquinone sulfonate, are able to decouple the two half-reactions of water electrolysis. Consequently, hydrogen and oxygen can be produced at different times in different places with much lower voltage inputs for each step, allowing great flexibility in the design of water splitting electrolyzers. More information can be found in the Minireview by X. Liu et al. on page 2157 in Issue 8, 2019 (DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801671).

A GENERALIZED MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE FOULING FORMATION ON THE HEAT TRANSFER SURFACE IN NON-DIMENSIONAL VIEW AND ITS APPLICATION FOR PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS DESIGN

A generalized mathematical model of the formation of fouling on the heat transfer surface of a plate heat exchanger has been developed. The model is presented by a system of ordinary differential equations and takes into account the distribution of process parameters along the channel of a plate heat exchanger, which allows predicting the development of contamination in time in different places along the channel length. The model is presented in a dimensionless form, which allows extending the range of its application to a wider class of phenomena of contamination of heat transfer surfaces under conditions where the intensity of the process is controlled by mass transfer in the main flow and the reaction rate at the interface between the liquid and solid phases. The application of the proposed fouling formation model made it possible to develop a mathematical model for the formation of fouling in the channels of a plate heat exchanger, taking into account changes in the main process parameters along the heat transfer surface. To check the obtained model and determine the dimensionless parameters that enter into it, it is planned to carry out calculations for specific conditions and compare it with experimental studies and industrial tests of plate heat exchangers when working with media prone to the formation of fouling on the heat transfer surface.

Perspective on warm climate intervals and their history: How might coastal Canada adapt to an ocean-related and potentially negative impact of predicted warmer conditions?

Past warm intervals lasting from decades to centuries can be observed throughout the late Holocene geologic record using various proxy physical, chemical and fossil indices, in conjunction with seasonal information such as the timing of the first flowers of the spring season, or by the dates of first freezing and thaws of fresh water bodies, that have been recorded in various journals. Three important warm intervals that have been identified over the past 3500 years include the Late Bronze Age Optimum (BAO)(~1350 to ~1200 BC), the Iron/Roman Age Optimum (I/RAO)(~250 BC to ~400 AD) and the Medieval Warm Period (MWP)(~950 to ~1250 AD). The early phase of the BAO featured maximum development of the Hittite Empire and the evolution of the palace economy. The timing and duration of the later I/RAO show considerable variation from place to place in the Northern Hemisphere. MWP proxy records from several regions indicate that, like the I/RAO pattern, peak warmth occurred at different times in different places included in the Period’s overall footprint. Paleo-temperatures, both slightly cooler and warmer than present, have been reported. The WMP occurred during the Middle Ages at a time of the expansion of major commercial routes along the Mediterranean Sea coast and during an interval when Vikings explored and settled in some areas of the North Atlantic region.Sea level rise is among the suite of important ocean-related negative impacts that are often associated with contemporary global warming scenarios. Both early and modern societies have developed effective adaptation strategies and mitigation techniques to resist rising sea levels and flooding. Many of these have utility for Canada in both inland and especially in coastal areas of the Maritime Provinces. Early sea level rise and tidal flow mitigation measures include the construction of dykes around low-lying areas, sand dune stabilization and shoreline armoring using large boulders in concert with breakwaters and groynes. Today, there is also opportunity for the application of beach nourishment and artificial dune construction to resist erosion by storm waves and alongshore currents but these typically require annual maintenance to remain effective. Last resort mechanisms range from stilt home construction to abandonment (managed retreat) of previously impacted coastal areas. It is very likely that, when needed, Canadians will be able to apply a broad range of modern and ancient effective technologies and to engage engineering expertise to develop new (e.g., hybrid) approaches for combating specific negative coastal impacts than were available to BAO, I/RAO and MWP societies.

“Find Out the Truth about Your Literacy!” The Total Dictation as a Form of Flash Mob

The main features of the Total Dictation as a form of a flash mob are considered in the article. The main characteristics of a flash mob are illustrated, especially its ephemerity, the simultaneous and public action that is based on strict rules and scenario, and its organization through the Internet and contemporary communication networks, or social media. The main factors of the development of flash mobs are a dissatisfaction with existing forms of social participation, and the improvement of new electronic forms of social communication. Flash mobs come under the two headings of classic and modernized. A classical flash mob does not have any goals. The modernized flash mob has some ideology defining it and can be organized during a specific time. The Total Dictation is the mass action for people who want to evaluate his or her literacy through writing dictation in different places in Russia, around the world, and online. It is organized in Russia and fulfilled by the experts from the Novosibirsk State University, and also serves the rising interest in the Russian language. During the process of the analysis, it is discovered that the Total Dictation is the one of the forms of the modernized flash mobs. It is a mass event because its popularity has grown to a global level. It also has its own ideology, and it is carried out at the same time in different places. It is also a public action, has a clear scenario, and rules for its manifestation. The main function of organization belongs to the website, and to the groups in social media. The Total Dictation also has leaders, clear goals, and a differentiation of the participants, what means that it can be defined as the modernized form of flash mobs. The results of the interviews with participants confirmed the existence of the flash mobs’ features, especially special emotional situations (“like before an exam”), and the identification with the group of patriotic intellectuals who are fond of the Russian language.

New Approaches in the Conservation of Large Open Landscapes

New Approaches in the Conservation of Large Open Landscapes

The onset of the palaeoanthropocene in Iceland: Changes in complex natural systems

Pre-industrial human impacts on the past environment are apparent in different proxy records at different times in different places. Recognizing environmentally transformative human impacts in palaeoenvironmental archives, as opposed to natural variability, is a key challenge in understanding the nature of the transition to the Earth’s current ‘Anthropocene’ condition. Here, we consider the palaeoenvironmental record for Iceland over the past 2.5 ka, both before and after the late ninth century human settlement ( landnám). The Scandinavian colonization of the island was essentially abrupt, involving thousands of people over a short period. The colonization triggered extensive changes in Icelandic ecosystems and landscapes. A volcanic ash known as the Landnám tephra was deposited over most of Iceland immediately before the settlement began. The Landnám tephra layer thus provides a uniquely precise litho-chrono-stratigraphic marker of colonization. We utilize this marker horizon as an independent definition of the effective onset of the local palaeoanthropocene (which is conceptually related to, but distinct from, the global Anthropocene). This allows us to evaluate proxy records for human impact on the Icelandic environment and to assess how and when they show transformative impact. Based on this analysis, we consider the implications for understanding and defining the Anthropocene in those areas of the Earth where such a clear independent marker of the onset of significant human impacts is lacking.

Mitotic kinases and phosphatases cooperate to shape the right response

Kinases and phosphatases, two sides of the same coin; are they opposing forces that switch signals on and off or enzymes that work together to give the right type of response at the right time? It depends on how close you stand when you view the big picture. Up close and detailed, and you’ll see individual phosphorylation sites as binary switches - lights being toggled on/off by antagonistic forces. Take a step back and multiple copies of the same light are being toggled, perhaps leading to a range of intensities, or a flickering pattern, lights flashing in unison or at random. It depends what the signal requires. Stand even further back, let the story unfold, and you’ll see a dazzling multicolour array of different lights. A coordinated sequence of color that appears to burst into life at different times in different places, with a pace that is both frantic and serene. This is a vision of mitosis and what a true spectacle it is.

Temperature Monitoring for Grape Cold Chain Based on Temporal-Spatial Fusion Theory

Energy consumption problem and redundant data processing have become cause for concern in wireless sensor networks. In the article, a parameter estimation method based on temporal-spatial data fusion technology is proposed to reduce huge amounts of data transmission, reduce the node energy consumption, and increase network life cycle. Because of the layout of sensors, monitoring values will be different at different times in different places. Traditionally, though arithmetic average method has some anti-interference ability, there are many shortcomings in the accuracy of measurement. The proposed method can get drastically more accurate and reliable monitoring results in improving quality control of cold chain.

A stratigraphical basis for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)

The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is widely used to refer to the episode when global ice volume last reached its maximum and associated sea levels were at their lowest. However, the boundaries of the interval are ill-defined and the term and acronym have no formal stratigraphical basis. This is despite a previous proposal to define it as a chronozone in the marine records on the basis of oxygen isotopes and sea levels, spanning the interval 23–19 or 24–18 ka and centred on 21 ka. In terrestrial records the LGM is poorly represented since many sequences show a diachronous response to global climate changes during the last glacial cycle. For example, glaciers and ice sheets reached their maximum extents at widely differing times in different places. In fact, most terrestrial records display spatial variation in response to global climate fluctuations, and changes recorded on land are often diachronous, asynchronous or both, leading to difficulties in global correlation. However, variations in the global hydrological system during glacial cycles are recorded by atmospheric dust flux and this provides a signal of terrestrial changes. Whilst regional dust accumulation is recorded in loess deposits, global dust flux is best recorded in high-resolution polar ice-core records, providing an opportunity to define the LGM on land and establish a clear stratigraphical basis for its definition. On this basis, one option is to define the global LGM as an event between the top (end) of Greenland Interstadial 3 and the base (onset) of Greenland Interstadial 2, spanning the interval 27.540–23.340 ka (Greenland Stadial 3). This corresponds closely to the peak dust concentration in both the Greenland and Antarctic ice cores and to records of the global sea-level minima. This suggests that this definition includes not just the coldest and driest part of the last glacial cycle but also the peak in global ice volume. The later part of the LGM event is marked by Heinrich Event 2, which reflects the onset of the collapse of the Laurentide at c. 24 ka, together with other ice sheets in the North Atlantic region. A longer and later span for the LGM may be desirable, although defining this in chronostratigraphical terms is problematic. Whichever formal definition is chosen, this requires the contribution of the wider Quaternary community.

Study on the Impact of Fog and Haze on Environment and Control Recommendations

China has seen large area of fog and haze weather which often lasted for a long time in different places of its central and eastern part during the year 2013. What’s more, North China, Central China, Huang-Huai area and the south part of the Yangtze River all suffered pollution to some degree. As a result, fog and haze and the serious pollution of PM2.5 became the hot topics both on the micro blog and among neighbors. Therefore, it has been a common recognition that we should strengthen the management of air pollution and reflect the economic development mode and our lifestyle. A brief analysis of the impact of fog and haze on the environment together with some control recommendations is done in this paper.

Wetland archaeology and the study of late Māori settlement patterns and social organisation in Northern New Zealand

This paper is concerned with prehistoric changes in the scale of settlement, social organisation and chieftainship in northern New Zealand. It suggests an excavation strategy for pa, describes examples of sites at a communal level and carries insights from wetland archaeology into the study of wider social landscapes. Increasing stress within landscapes is implicit in episodes of pa building, which occurred at different times in different places. Large strategic pa were built for regional defence and there is a suggestion of continuity into early history. A wider scale of organisation and leadership is implied for such times.