Time-space Dimensions Research Articles

Flexwork and flextravel

Flexwork—flexible work arrangements that depart from the standard in-office, nine-to-five schedule—has become a staple in the post-pandemic era. The inherent flexibility of place and time in flexwork has significant implications for the travel and tourism sectors. This flexibility gives rise to adaptable travel/tourism arrangements, further blurring the boundaries between work and travel/tourism. Consequently, it creates a potential state where productivity and leisure are seamlessly interwoven. A theoretical framework is developed to encapsulate the temporality, spatiality, and liminality of this flexwork–flextravel state. This conceptualization, as a response to the increasingly indistinct demarcation of time–space dimensions and work–travel domains, carries implications for emerging travel patterns and the potential transformation of tourism landscapes and travel-related activities.

Going above and beyond? How parent–daycare mobile communication reconfigures the time and space dimensions of parenting

How does the use of parent–daycare mobile communication applications reconfigure the emplacement and timing of parenting? In what ways, if any, do parents’ practices challenge the distinction between warm care and cold technology? Based on 35 interviews with 18 parents, we identified 4 ways in which Aula, Denmark's parent–daycare app, reconfigures the time-space dimensions of parenting. While parents and children are apart, mobile communication via Aula allows parents to “plan ahead,” and “synchronize” expectations and schedules with those of their children and the daycare center and “look back” on their children's time away. In addition, communication via Aula enhances co-presence. Overall, this paper's findings offer an alternative to views that oppose technology and care, showing how mobile communication may reshape responsibility for childcare in the welfare state.

Forme del passato nel presente. Victoria e Europe di D. Greig fra memoria culturale e ricezione teatrale

"The articulation of time-space dimensions is a theme both for theorists of various disciplines and for those who deal with the problems of the exegesis of texts. The globalization process makes us perceive a hybrid present and permeable spaces, both with cultural consequences in relation to the process of attribution of meaning. This is the very broad outline in which I read the texts of D. Greig presented here, texts that, in the crisis of traditional historicism, address the theme in an unusual way: the relationship between history and memory has changed the nature of historical writing, accentuating the function of cultural memory (mnemo-history), with individual and collective past inevitably as its objects."

Transnational caring in times of COVID-19: The experiences of visible minority immigrant carer-employees

Globalization and immigration policies between Canada and immigrant-sending nations have heightened transnational caregiving. The research objective is to explore the experiences of visible minority immigrant transnational carer-employees (VMI TCEs) before and during the pandemic. In this study, participants reside in the mid-sized city of London, Ontario and engage in paid employment or volunteering while providing unpaid care to family members and/or friends abroad. Interviews and arts-based methodology were used to collect data from 29 VMI TCEs from 10 countries. Intersectionality theory informed thematic analysis and three themes emerged: (1) The nuances of providing transnational care, (2) The impact of geographic dislocation on care and wellbeing, and (3) Caregiving during COVID-19. Findings highlight the fluidity of transnational caregiving, in that participants both shape and are impacted by time-space dimensions. Study results may be used to inform culturally sensitive adaptions to the existing standard for organizations to be more inclusive of and accommodating to carer-employees. Findings can also inform the implementation or improvement of programs and services offered by the government, immigration resettlement agencies, employers and other stakeholders working with people who may share similar experiences to VMI TCEs. The creation of accessible and appropriate resources for this group of people will better support them in resettling outside of major urban cities in Ontario and other provinces across Canada.

How the Theory of Intelligent Relativity Increases Ferroelectric and Quantum Properties of Brain and Spinal Cord Specialized Cells in Advanced Craniosacral Therapy!?

Dear Editor, As mentioned before, mass, energy and information appearances are all different appearances of consciousness. That is mass, energy, information and consciousness are different appearances of one single thing. I think all of them are different appearances of vibrating strings vibrations that in each of them, different geometric links and order exist between vibrating stings vibrations. When there is a specific and different geometric system between vibrating strings vibrations which are main components of time-space dimensions, different appearances of mass, energy, information and consciousness will be appeared [1, 2].

Weaving together the past, present and future in whole class conversations: analyzing the emergence of a hybrid educational chronotope connecting everyday experiences and school science

ABSTRACT In sociocultural research, many scholars have studied the relationship between students’ everyday lives outside of school and classroom learning. This article contributes to this area by focusing explicitly on the timespace dimensions of meaning making in science education. We draw on Bakhtin’s notion of the chronotope to examine how students can become engaged in science learning through telling stories of personal relevance. We analyze an especially interesting example of a whole-class conversation, and show how students’ stories become resources in the co-construction of a hybrid chronotope in which multiple students are activated and engaged in science learning.

Beyond displacement: territorialization in the port city of Buenaventura, Colombia

ABSTRACT In (post-)conflict contexts, territorial struggles are strongly associated with the displacement of communities, whether rural–urban or intra-urban. Here, we argue for refocusing attention on territorialization processes as a means of understanding the dynamics and consequences of contestation between vulnerable minority communities and powerful groups. Focusing on the majority Afro-Colombian city of Buenaventura in the Pacific coastal region, which is simultaneously Colombia’s most significant port and one of its most neglected cities, we explore processes of de- and re-territorialization. Beyond tropes of displacement and resistance, territorialization offers a conceptual lens for understanding territorial struggles as complex events, in terms of the physical and symbolic effects of de-territorialization on communities and individuals, and re-territorialization as plural, disruptive practices of re-existence. This suggests the need to focus on everyday experiences as well as specific time- and space-bound moments of struggle. In this way, a territorialization approach permits a deeper understanding of the social production of territory with multiple elements relating to identity, symbolic practices and time–space dimensions.

Spatio-temporal variability in remotely sensed LST and its impacts by FVC in the Greater Khingan Mountains

The present study explored both the temporal variation and spatial distribution of fractional vegetation cover (FVC) and land surface temperature (LST) in the Greater Khingan Mountains, a location distinguished by four types of surface cover formations and strong gradients in meteorological conditions. Furthermore, we assessed the relationships between FVC and LST in different time-space dimensions. We measured the spatio-temporal variability in LST through a harmonic analysis of time series (HANTS) for 8 days of LST time series product data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Furthermore, the FVC was extracted through linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA). The results show that the time series image data reconstructed via HANTS are effective for quantifying the morphological dynamics of the thermal environment and enabling sound calculations of environmental variables, such as vegetation abundance. We found significant differences in within-year and interannual variation among different eco-geographical regions. The within-year maximum value of vegetation coverage was observed in July, whereas the surface temperature was highest in June. This finding suggests that the decrease in warming can be mostly attributed to the increase in evapotranspiration associated with increased vegetation activity. In addition, a strong negative correlation was found between the FVC and LST throughout the study area only from April to September, whereas a triangular relationship was found in other months. This study investigated the time series variations in different eco-geographical regions for 2000 – 2015 and revealed that the most obvious LST and FVC variations occurred at the region II and junction between regions III and IV. An analysis of the average FVC and LST from April to September indicated that 86.9% of the entire study area showed a negative correlation, such that when the FVC increased by 10%, the LST showed a maximum average decrease of 2.76°C. We conclude that the increase in vegetation activity is the main cause of the reduction in the LST and that surface activities and latitude zonality are the main driving factors of the LST differentiation in the Greater Khingan Mountains. These findings will serve as a foundation for future studies seeking to better understand climate change processes and to estimate ecosystem responses to changing climatic conditions.

The third sphere: Reconceptualising allyship in community-based participatory research praxis

ABSTRACT A central tenet in the conduct of community-based participatory research is the establishment of an allyship between researchers and other actors, a relation that ideally should be reciprocal in nature. In theory, true allyship would stand for a mutual search for understanding and potential transformation of life circumstances through investigation and argumentation, in the absence of coercive force or preset boundaries. However, in practice, researchers often behave as privileged guests that enter a particular local reality at predefined moments in time and leave when they are satisfied with what they got. We critically reflected on the challenge of developing equitable and sustainable relationships that cut across time-space dimensions of collective engagement and action in community-based research. We offer a critique of the project-based logic of participatory research practice and how this may unwittingly affirm actions that work against the concept of true allyship. We advocate for the creation of a ‘third sphere’ that unfolds itself as an experimental laboratory for constructive and disruptive thought, wherein every stakeholder is equally subjected to the centripetal force of meeting each other in the middle. This increases the likelihood that unanticipated and new ways of thinking and acting will emerge from the collective.

Encoding the electrodynamics in spatiotemporal boundaries

Maxwell’s equations represented by differential operators describe the local dependence between both electric and magnetic fields in every location of space and time. This description responds to the field concept proposed by Michael Faraday and formalized by James Clerk Maxwell. The discretized version in the form of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique relies on a proposal of local computation of the respective differential operators making use of the central difference approximation of the second derivative of functions through the Taylor series expansion. This article introduces a novel time-symmetric “non-local” technique from the mathematical formalism of electromagnetic potentials in the wave equation and its physical interpretation in the Minkowski spacetime. In the proposed case study, the “non-local” proposal is 1643 faster than FDTD, i.e., more than three orders of magnitude, and it uses a time-step that is 4096 times greater than the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy limit without encountering stability problems. New electromagnetic potentials are calculated from the previous and distant ones located at vertices of spatiotemporal regions called causal diamonds that tessellates spacetime without the need for computations inside them. We show that the performance gain is proportional to the size of the spacetime tessellations because the ratio “domain to boundary” increases as the domain extension does. Consequently, our novel “non-local” approach provides a reduction in computational complexity and a more comprehensible explanation of their fundamental physical aspects, without contradicting the principles of the successful classical field theory. Program summaryProgram Title: SOME_modelsProgram Files doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/7sgh6grm7g.1Licensing provisions: GPLv3Programming language: CNature of problem: The Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition imposes a numerical bound to the size of the Yee cell in the FDTD approach. This restriction causes excessive oversampling, degrading the computation time of this technique.Solution method: We applied the parallelogram rule to solve the wave equation for the case of (1+1) time–space dimensions. With this rule, we proposed a novel algorithm that allows encoding potentials along the characteristic lines that tessellate the spacetime. The new technique produces higher performance gains than those achieved through traditional FDTD.

Entrepreneurship as an Area of Knowledge: Literature Review

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the scientific production on entrepreneurship, reviewing researches by different authors on the subject. The intellectual production examined was that generated internationally from 2011 to 2015. Design/Methodology/Approach: For the elaboration of the article, the main database containing information related to the research topic was identified and accessed, namely Scopus and thesaurus identification and definition. Findings: Results evidence that literature has focused mainly on isolated aspects, such as the individual, the environment, the opportunity, and with less intensity in multidimensional or integrative perspectives. It can be affirmed that the field has been built from the disciplines of economics, psychology and sociology —the latter with emphasis on network and institutional theories. Practical Implications: The study proposes an integrative approach for the study of entrepreneurship. Originality/Value: The value of this review is the proposition of overcoming monodisciplinary positions and integrating time-space dimensions in the understanding of entrepreneurship.

Miesto erdvėlaikis ir tapatybės diskursas, arba kaip pasisavinti Klaipėdą?

In this article, two different models of Klaipėda city’s time-space appropriation are analyzed and compared by applying the phenomenological concept of “depth of time,” coined by philosopher A. Mickūnas. One is represented by a scientific-methodological discourse, examining the poetic and philosophical/publicist interpretations of the narrated city of Klaipėda; the second model includes and analyzes poetic essays on Klaipėda, which convey the artistic-aesthetic (re)presentation of the city’s time-space. This comparison allows one to draw a conclusion that artistic narration, arising from an immediate experience of the city’s time-space, appears to be a more effective form of appropriation, for it makes possible an authentic integration of different time-space dimensions, divided (and contrapositioned) by historic turning-points. Because it contains a kind of developed subjectivity, artistic narration, contrary to an approach based on academic discourse, it also has no claims to some “privileged” knowledge of the city and as such contributes to the plurality of the construction of the city’s identities.

Peer to Peer Energy Trading with Electric Vehicles

This paper presents a novel peer-to-peer energy trading system between two sets of electric vehicles, which significantly reduces the impact of the charging process on the power system during business hours. This trading system is also economically beneficial for all the users involved in the trading process. An activity-based model is used to predict the daily agenda and trips of a synthetic population for Flanders (Belgium). These drivers can be initially classified into three sets; after discarding the set of drivers who will be short of energy without charging chances due to their tight schedule, we focus on the two remaining relevant sets: those who complete all their daily trips with an excess of energy in their batteries and those who need to (and can) charge their vehicle during some daily stops within their scheduled trips. These last drivers have the chance to individually optimize their energy cost in the time-space dimensions, taking into account the grid electricity price and their mobility constraints. Then, collecting all the available offer/demand information among vehicles parked in the same area at the same time, an aggregator determines an optimal peer-to-peer price per area and per time slot, allowing customers with excess of energy in their batteries to share with benefits this good with other users who need to charge their vehicles during their daily trips. Results show that, when applying the proposed trading system, the energy cost paid by these drivers at a specific time slot and in a specific area can be reduced up to 71%.

Spatial Modeling of Tropical Deforestation Using Socioeconomic and Biophysical Data

Tropical forests are disappearing at an alarming rate. In Central America, a hectare of forest is cleared for agriculture every 5 min. This study was conducted in a forested 4,000 ha watershed of central Honduras to find deforestation causes based on socio-economic characteristics of population. First, a multitemporal analysis of Landsat TM imagery was conducted to determine deforestation rates and agricultural–forest boundaries. A GIS buffer procedure allowed determining which households were at the deforestation front and which households were located at the rest of the area (control). GIS techniques were used to extract biophysical information such as slope, elevation, land cover, temperature, precipitation, etc. Then, we set up a data base with more than 50 socioeconomic variables (level of education, income, children per family, major economic activity, use of conservation practices, etc.). Around 500 households, distributed all over the watershed, were visited, interviewed and GPS-located. A multivariate statistical analysis allowed an exploratory analysis to eliminate non useful and redundant variables and then to determine what variables appear to be important predictors of deforestation behavior among rural families. A resulting logistic regression model showed that household with lower annual income heads and with less use of conservation practices were more statistically prone to clear the forest (α = 0.001). The study uncovered the complexity of this problem and confirmed the need of using GIS–remote sensing techniques to combine socioeconomic and environmental data in several time–space dimensions to find the causes and trends of tropical deforestation.

Unconventional behavior of Dirac fermions in three-dimensional gauge theory

We study unconventional behavior of massless Dirac fermions due to interaction with a U(1) gauge field in three time-space dimensions. At zero chemical potential, the longitudinal and transverse components of gauge interaction are both long ranged. There is no fermion velocity renormalization since the system respects Lorentz invariance. At finite chemical potential, the Lorentz invariance is explicitly broken by the finite Fermi surface. The longitudinal gauge interaction is statically screened and becomes unimportant, whereas the transverse gauge interaction remains long ranged and leads to singular renormalization of fermion velocity. The anomalous dimension of fermion velocity is calculated by means of the renormalization group method. We then examine the influence of singular velocity renormalization on several physical quantities, and show that they exhibit different behavior at zero and finite chemical potential.

‘Shades of grey’: spaces in and beyond trafficking for Thai Women involved in commercial sexual labour in Sydney and Singapore

In this article I explore the migration trajectories of some Thai women trafficked internationally for commercial sexual exploitation, suggesting that many figuratively ‘cross the border’ between coerced and consensual existence in volatile migrant sex industries during the course of their migration experiences, thus complicating debates around the notion of choice in ‘sex’ trafficking. In exploring these women's transitions I seek to understand why women who had either never previously been sex workers or who were sex workers operating without duress, but who were then trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation remain in, or re-enter volatile forms of migrant sex work at a later point under voluntary arrangements. In answering this question I focus on the temporal and spatial aspects of individual women's experiences in migrant sex industries drawing in detail on the narratives of two Thai women trafficked to Sydney, Australia and Singapore. I make some suggestions about methodologies used in trafficking research that can assist in bringing to light some of these complex time–space dimensions of women's experiences through their shifting positions in commercial sexual labour. The article also reflects on the implications of these women's trajectories for the ‘prostitution debate’ as it relates to trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation by suggesting that many trafficked women occupy ambiguous or in-between positions in migrant sex industries, neither easily distinguishable by the label of victim of trafficking or migrant sex worker.

Recognising the Time—Space Dimensions of Care: Caringscapes and Carescapes

This paper is concerned with the geographical analysis of care relationships. It argues that concern with space needs to be augmented by a more explicit attention to the importance of time to caring. The paper discusses the importance of time to social relationships of care, and reviews existing attempts to integrate time with space in geographical research. The paper reflects on and extends the ‘caringscapes/carescapes’ framework for research on informal care proposed in a recent book and earlier publications by myself and colleagues. It suggests that exploring the time—space links between the processes producing policies and services and those affecting individual behaviours is a promising avenue for future research.

MIGRATION IN FAR WEST NEPAL

In this comment on an article published in Critical Asian Studies 43 (1), “Migration in Far West Nepal,” the author questions whether the “Bourdieu social practice framework,” which Ephraim Poertner, Mathais Junginger, and Ulrike Müller-Böker employ in their article, provides the most appropriate lens through which to view migration. He argues that the authors fail to present convincing evidence of the relevance of its application. Furthermore, he says, a further dichotomy might need to be addressed first: that between French approaches to social theory and Anglo-Saxon approaches such as that of Anthony Giddens, where the timespace dimensions are much more evident, even if problematic, in the examining structure and agency.

An Analysis of Winning Campaigns in Urban Municipalities in 2006 Local Elections

The study of electoral campaigns is nowadays one of the very topical and popular themes in the field of the scientific-research work. Electoral campaigns can be defined in several ways and from several points of view. In this paper, a campaign is understood as a set of diverse activities performed to influence the electoral result. These activities can be studied according to the political-system, time-space, organisational and instrumental dimensions of their performance. The key purpose of the paper is to analyse and typologise the features of electoral campaigns of today's urban municipality mayors in Slovenia during their standing as candidates in local elections in 2006. By using various methodological and statistical approaches and tools, it was found out in the analysed cases that electoral campaigns were an important part of the electoral process and that, according to planning features and implementing plans, they were very specific in all the studied municipalities. Because of this, the campaigns in the studied elections were characterised as particular and highly localised. Despite these particularities, four different types of campaigns were highlighted according to the groups of similar features: a) traditional campaigns; b) charismatic candidate campaigns; c) modern local campaigns and d) an intense campaign mosaic. Regardless of the particularities of the campaign activities and processes, it turned out that they played an important role at the local level of political activity.
 
 Key words: • electoral campaign • local elections • urban municipality • mayor • type • Slovenia

Classifying evolution equations

A Lie point symmetry classification of evolution equations in 1+1 time-space dimensions was presented. A combination of the standard Lie algorithm for point symmetry and the equivalence group of th ...