Time Overrun In Construction Projects Research Articles

Cost and Time Over Run in Construction Projects

Abstract: Construction industry is one of the biggest and fast-growing industry in India which is providing employment to millions of people and also contributing for economic development of nation. But the major and common problem faced by this industry is cost overrun and time overrun. Therefore, there is need to study this topic. This research paper will help to understand cost and time overrun in construction project. Hence the main aim of these paper is to identify the factors affecting cost overrun and time overrun in construction project and provide suitable strategies to avoid it. Method used in this research is both quantitative and qualitative method. Interviews were taken from some of the experienced professionals in this industry and questionnaire survey is conducted to collect data from the respondent from contractor, consultant, clients and students. Total 81 respondent participated in the survey. From the result it is seen that for estimating cost, 73% respondent and for estimating time, 89% respondent use combination of calculation and experience. From the study it is also understood that the problem of cost and time control is not only about the techniques being used it is also about the poor management of techniques and poor supervision. Cost overrun refers to when project goes beyond the estimated cost and factors affecting cost overrun is Poor Estimate, Design changes, Scope creep, Delays, Inflation, Poor project management, Unforeseen site conditions, Material and labour cost fluctuations and Contractual disputes. Time overrun is when project get delayed beyond estimated schedule and factors affecting time overrun is Project Planning, Design Changes, Weather Conditions, Workforce Productivity, Unforeseen Conditions, Regulatory and Permitting Issues, Coordination and Communication. Based on this recommendation were given with some strategies to avoid cost and time overrun in construction projects they are Accurate cost estimation, Risk assessment, Effective project management, change management and Communication. Further research is required in project control providing a checklist for the same, so that major points can be taken care of

EVALUATION OF TIME OVERRUNS AND TIME MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN ERBIL CITY

Successful people utilize their time judiciously. The challenge of completing construction projects within the estimated time frame is the biggest concern among practitioners. In this research two aspects have been highlighted, first; the most significant factor of time overrun in construction projects performed by Erbil Municipality during road construction. The second aspect is the time management methods held by the project team. A random sampling technique was used to administer 126 questionnaires to professionals such as Project managers, Engineers, and contractors working on road construction projects for Erbil municipality. On the other hand, a case study has been conducted for 70 constructed projects during 2018-2022 for the evaluation of time management techniques in road construction projects by identifying the process of monitoring, software packages that are used for that, the progress of work, and investigating how progress records are kept in Erbil City municipality projects. The results revealed that the most significant factor for time overrun was the economic crisis which led to the failure to pay contractors' dues in a timely manner, followed by the unreasonable time frame for the completion of projects. Used techniques and software packages for time management were identified It is revealed that there is no specific method for managing time. Multiple methods are used depending on the situation.

Time overruns in the construction projects in Iraq: Case study on investigating and analyzing the root causes

Abstract In the construction industry, time overrun in construction projects has become a global phenomenon. In Iraq, this problem is very considerable where a high percentage of projects are completed behind schedule, causing a large negative impact on society on the one side and the economic impact on the other side of the country. This study aims to define the major factors that cause construction project’s time overrun by studying delay causes of projects and performing a number of interviews with a group of specialists in project construction. Next, a questionnaire is used to obtain responses from 115 participants in the city of Najaf. In addition, agreement analysis is performed to ensure that the arranged rankings by all involved respondents’ categories are not ordered by coincidence, and the Chi-squared test is put to use as well to mark the agreement or disagreement context among the respondent category rankings. The target respondents of the study included: clients, consultants, project managers, contractors, and engineers who have an experience in project management and construction. The findings of the study revealed that the top five most essential factors causing delay in public construction projects are global and local economic crises, bureaucracy and corruption, public holidays, delay in getting governmental permits, and issuing numerous change orders by owners. Moreover, eight components are extracted from the 45 questionnaire items put to use for factor analysis. Among the extracted factors are the inaccuracy of tendering process, technical performance management, and government interferences.

Study on Time Overrun related to Construction Projects in Sri Lanka

The time overrun in construction projects is a common issue around the world and no exception in Sri Lankan construction industry. The aims are to identify the causes and their significance to the project time overrun as well as to provide suggestions for those identified causes. Totally 39 significant factors were identified as relevant to Sri Lankan construction industry through a literature survey. Then a quantitative questionnaire approach was conducted to identify the significance of factors from industry professionals (civil engineers, quantity surveyors, technical officers, supervisors & directors, and the persons with minimum qualification and experience in the construction industry) working as stakeholders such as clients, consultants, and contractors without considering the project type. The previously identified 39 factors were found to be applicable to the Sri Lankan construction industry with survey results. Through the survey, 33 responses were collected and analyzed based on the relative important index of the results. Highly weighted 15 project time overrun factors were analyzed in detail. Mainly, three factors of time overrun in construction projects were identified by ranking based on overall responses; i) contractor’s improper planning, ii) mistakes during construction by contractors, and iii) delay in preparation and approval of drawings. At the same time, social and cultural factors and disputes with surroundings or neighbours got the least significance based on ranking. The relationship between the significance of factors and relevance to the construction party (contractor, consultant) is also identified in this study. From questionnaire responses, the political influence, material theft, labor attitudes and motivation, and unexpected material cost increase than the total budget was selected for the further discussion. Finally, recommendations are provided for future development projects such as the contractor’s proper planning. As well as experienced and well knowledge professional to be appointed as a project manager by contracting firm.

Impact of Labour Productivity Factors on Construction Project Cost and Time

Productivity is the dominating aspect in construction as it encourages cost savings and effective utilization of resources. Poor labour productivity is one of the major causes of cost and time overrun in construction projects and as such requires attention. Previous studies have identified factors affecting labour productivity within building projects, however, there is need to understand these factors as it relates to their impact on cost and time. In view of this, the paper aimed at assessing the impact of factors affecting labour productivity on cost and time, with a view to minimizing their effects on construction projects. The study elicits knowledge gained by project managers actively engaged in construction projects within Abuja been the Federal Capital Territory and employed the use of a survey. A well-structured questionnaire was designed to collect data with respect to degree of impact of labour productivity factors on construction project cost, and time using a five-point Likert scale and distributed to 45 project managers using purposive sampling. Responses from the administered questionnaires were collated, interpreted, and analysed using descriptive statistics, and results presented in tables. The findings showed that material shortage at project site with a mean value of 3.68 had significant impact on construction project cost. Furthermore, lack of tools and equipment in the market, and workforce absenteeism with mean values of 3.65 and 3.62 respectively had significant impacts on construction project time. The study concludes that material shortage, lack of tools and equipment in the market, and workforce absenteeism are labour productivity factors that had significant impact on construction project cost and time. Thus, Construction managers should enforce the use of material supply schedule, and adopt appropriate financial incentives for employee’s that could curtail the problem of absenteeism.

Factors Affecting Time Overrun in Construction Projects in Bhutan

The construction industry has a significant influence on the economy of a country as it plays a vital role in its development. However, construction projects in countries usually faced time and cost overrun, affecting the economic development and overall performance of the contractors. As infrastructure development is one of the key activities in developing countries, it is very important to analyze the factors contributing to time overrun to enable effective contract management. Time overruns are always associated with cost overrun often putting burden to country’s capital resources. Although time overruns have been recurring issues in construction industry, very little or no researches have been carried out in Bhutan so far. This paper presents a case study of time overrun of construction projects in Bhutan. The study was carried out through an online questionnaire consisting of thirty-one factors which are further sub-divided into seven categories. The one hundred twenty responses were analyzed using relative importance index which shows that inexperienced and financial instability of the contractor, incompetence of human resources, shortage and inefficient equipment, lack of construction materials are significant factors affecting time overrun. Issues related to sub-contracting, unrealistic calculation of the project duration, delay in the mobilization of machines are minor factors of time over-run of the construction projects in Bhutan. Keywords: Time overrun, principle factors, factor analysis, adversity, average index.s DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-29-01 Publication date: October 31 st 2020

Causes of Delay in Public Building Construction Projects: A Case of Addis Abeba Administration, Ethiopia

The time overrun in construction projects has become one of the most common problems in the industry that cause multitude of negative effects on the projects and its stakeholders. This study focused on assessing the main causes of delay in public building construction projects in Addis Ababa Administration mainly undertaken by grade one contractors. In these projects, 42 delay causing events in the Addis Ababa public building construction projects were identified and categorized in to five main category groups, and the most important and critical causes of public building construction delay causing factors were evaluated and ranked based on the RRI(Ranking and computation of relative importance index)values from the data collected in a questionnaire survey of three groups of respondents- clients, consultant and contractors in the construction industry. The survey findings revealed the top ten factors that cause construction delays in the public building construction projects in Addis Ababa are: (1) Difficulty in project financing (poor financial system); (2) Poor Project management system;(3) Delay in issuance of designs and working drawings; (4) Shortage of availability of imported construction materials and goods on market; (5) Design errors and complexity of designs;(6)Delay in progress payments for completed works; (7) Late start & resource mobilization to site; (8) Financing problems; (9) Inaccurate Site investigation Report;(10) Price Inflation. Furthermore, the ranking of the factors tested the agreement among the respondents and finally agreement test reveal that there appears a positivecorrelation between the groups in noticing and ranking the set of delay causes. The study recommended in general and particularly to all the parties for mitigating factors causing time overrun.

Causes of Time Overrun in Construction of Building Projects in Pakistan

Time overrun in construction projects is a very serious issue in developed countries. The main object of this research is to find the main causes of time overrun in the construction of building project and its possible mitigation measures. Quantitative approach was adopted in this research to achieve object and RIW (relative importance weight) approach was used for collecting data. Financial issues faced by the contractor, contractor’s inexperience, weather impacts, late delivery of material, mistakes in design, shortage of skilled labor, incompetent subcontractor and mistakes in time estimation were identified as main causes of time overrun in construction projects and possible mitigation measures were also proposed from experts. This research will help in giving awareness to stakeholders to narrow down the factors of time overrun in construction projects in Pakistan.

Variability of Cost and Time Delivery of Educational Buildings in Nigeria

Cost and time overrun in construction projects has become a reoccurring problem in construction industries around the world especially in developing countries. This situation is unhealthy for public educational buildings which are executed with limited government funds, and are in most cases time sensitive, as they need to cater for the influx of students into the institutions. This study therefore assessed the variability of cost and time delivery of educational buildings in Nigeria, using a study of selected educational buildings within the country. A pro forma was used to gather cost and time data on selected building projects, while structured questionnaire was used to harness information on the possible measures for reducing the variability from the construction participants that were involved in the delivery of these projects. Paired sample t-test, percentage, relative importance index, and Kruskal-Walis test were adopted for data analyses. The study reveals that there is a significant difference between the initial and final cost of delivering educational buildings, as an average of 4.87% deviation, with a sig. p-value of 0.000 was experienced on all assessed projects. For time delivery, there is also a significant difference between the initial estimated time and final time of construction as a whopping 130% averaged deviation with a sig. p-value of 0.000 was discovered. To remedy these problems, the study revealed that prompt payment for executed works, predicting market price fluctuation and inculcating it into the initial estimate, and owner’s involvement at the planning and design phase are some of the possible measures to be adopted.

Controlling of Time-Overrun in Construction Projects in Iraq

This paper is about analyzing time overrun in construction projects. The principle targets are centered on researching the causes, effects and strategies for controlling time over-run in development ventures in Iraq. The study has been accomplished based on previous researches in addition to a questionnaire form and case studies. Forty-two factors of time overrun causes under four main responsible parties were distinguished (owner, consultant, contractor, others). Eight major impacts of time overrun were also identified. The questionnaire form was formulated based on the above data and was distributed to the selected respondents which are professionals in construction industry. Depending on the results of the questionnaire form, the major origin of time overrun was found that the contractor is the responsible for most of the time overrun (i.e. Contractor's financial difficulties Shortage of skilled manpower and the other causes related to him). The most important two impacts of time overrun were Increase the cost of the project, Quality degradation and Increasing in overhead expenses, the highest percentage of time-overrun in the nine existed project 319% and the most common causes were (change in economic condition and Company's lack of experience).According to the research findings a management system has been proposed to control on the time overrun in construction projects.

Significant Factors Causing Time Overrun in Construction Projects of Peninsular Malaysia

This study has identified the significant factors causing time overrun in Malaysian construction industry. Investigation through survey was carried out in central and southern parts of Malaysian among the respondents from three categories i.e. client, consultant and contractors. The feedback was received from 75 respondents against 300 companies contacted. The feedback was analyzed statistically which revealed that cash flow and financial difficulties faced by contractor, poor site management and supervision, incompetent subcontractor, shortage of workers and financial difficulties of the owner are major contributors of time overrun. The author recommends that the problem of time overrun can be controlled through proper planning of work, committed leadership and management, and effective communication system.

Time Overrun in Construction Projects from the Perspective of Project Management Consultant (PMC)

Time Overrun is one of the most significant issues being faced by the construction industry today. There are various factors responsible for the time overrun which require serious attention to understand and address in order to achieve successful completion of projects on time. This is because time overrun has great impact to construction cost which can never be recovered. Thirty (30) large construction projects in Malaysia were identified facing Time Overrun during construction. Out of 30 projects, 17 (56.67%) projects were caused by 1-100 days time overrun, 5 (16.67%) projects in between 101 to 200 days, 5 (16.67%) projects 201 to 300 days whereas 3 (10%) projects were delayed for time period above 300 days. A structured questionnaire was conducted amongst personnel of project management consultants (PMC). The data was analyzed statistically to calculate the causes mean rank of time overrun. It also computed the level of agreement with Kendall‟s formula. Dominating factors affecting time overrun are cash flow & financial difficulties faced by contractors, contractor‟s poor site management, and inadequate contractor experience, shortage of site works and ineffective planning & scheduling. The results of this study will enhance the selection process of awarding construction job to the contractor.Keywords: Time Overrun, Causes of Time overrun, PMC, Malaysian Construction Industri