Umbilical Cord Separation Time Research Articles

The impact of umbilical cord care education given to Primiparous mothers on cord separation time: A randomized controlled study

PurposeThis study aims to determine the impact of umbilical cord care education given to primiparous mothers on cord separation time. Design and methodsThis randomized controlled trial was conducted according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. The mothers constituting the research sample were divided into two groups, the control group and the education group, and cord care and cord separation times were measured. ResultsThe mean age of the mothers was 28.72 ± 4.86 years (min. 20 years, max. 40 years). There was no difference in age, gestational week of the baby, birth weight of the baby, gender of the baby and mode of delivery of the mother between the mothers in the control and education groups. While the cord separation time was 10.97 ± 0.320 days in the babies in the control group, it was 6.60 ± 0.177 days in the babies in the education group. A statistically significant difference was found between the duration of cord separation of the babies in the control and education groups. ConclusionsThis study showed that giving umbilical cord care education to primiparous mothers reduces umbilical cord separation time. Practice implicationsIt is recommended that pediatric nurses provide education on umbilical cord care and the goals and methods of application of care practices, especially to primiparous mothers. Clinical registrationThis study was registered at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials (code: NCT05573737).

The Effect of Dry Care on the Time of Umbilical Cord Separation in Newborns: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

There are many different approaches to umbilical cord care in clinical practice. Dry care is recommended by the WHO based on its ease of implementation and relatively low cost. However, the effect of dry care on the time of umbilical cord separation and related complications require further study. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effect of dry care on the time of umbilical cord separation and related adverse events in newborns. A literature search was conducted of articles published before December 2021 in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Airiti Library, and National Digital Library of Theses in Taiwan databases. The research quality of the identified articles was assessed using the Modified Jadad Scale. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager, version 5.3, with statistics reported as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Seven randomized controlled trials covering a total of 27,037 newborns were identified for analysis. Umbilical cord care in these studies included the following approaches: dry care, alcohol, chlorhexidine (CHX), mother's milk, and salicylic sugar powder (SSP). The results of the meta-analysis showed that umbilical cord separation time was significantly lower for the dry care approach compared to the alcohol approach (MD: -1.78 days, 95% CI: -2.4 to -1.16, three studies, n = 2,102) but not significantly different than the CHX approach (MD: -0.15 days, 95% CI [-1.99, 1.69], two studies, n = 10,519). Notably, the umbilical cord separation time for both mother's milk (MD: 1.19 days, 95% CI [0.82, 1.56], three studies, n = 730) and SSP (MD: 4.9 days, 95% CI [3.71, 6.09], one study, n = 92) approaches were reported as significantly less than the dry care approach. In addition, the CHX approach was associated with significantly fewer cord-related adverse events, while the alcohol, mother's milk, and SSP approaches were associated with rates of cord-related adverse advents similar to dry care. Because using dry care for umbilical cord care shortens the cord separation time compared to the alcohol approach and does not increase the incidence of omphalitis, this approach should be the first choice for cord care. Both mother's milk and SSP approaches are also associated with shorter umbilical cord separation times without adverse effects, and may be used as alternatives to dry care in umbilical cord care.

What is the Effect of Topical Breast Milk Application on Umbilical Cord Separation among Healthy Newborn Babies in the Middle East?

Umbilical cord care is variable all over the world and is informed by firm traditional practices that are passed down as culture. Breast milk has been proposed as a topical substance to the umbilicus as it is full of antibacterial properties. The analysis of four studies revealed a strong correlation between the use of topical breast milk and umbilical cord separation time among newborns in the Middle East. Comparing the results of the studies included in this review, breast milk is not only effective in shortening the separation time of the umbilical cord over dry cord care but is just as effective in reducing signs of infection as the antimicrobial chlorhexidine. These findings designate breast milk as an affordable, easy, and practical method of umbilical cord care. This is particularly useful in developing countries, where the risk of neonatal death due to infection is higher. The result is generalizable to healthy neonates born in a hospital setting, so more research about its practicality in rural areas as well as among sick neonates is suggested.

The Correlation of the Open Dry Treatment to Umbilical Cord Separation Time on Newborns

According to East Java health profile (2019), the number of neonatal tetanus is 10 cases because of inappropriate treatment. Thus, bacteria enter the body and prolong the umbilical cord separation time. WHO (2010) and Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia (2015) recommend umbilical cord care using an open dry method. This study attempts to identify the correlation of the open dry treatment to umbilical cord separation time according to literary results. Literature review was used to analyze the data from three online databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and DOAJ using inclusion-exclusion criteria. The keywords were “Umbilical Dry Cord Care,”“Day of Release of the Umbilical Cord,” “PerawatanTali Pusat Kering Terbuka,” and “Lama PelepasanTali Pusat.” The analysis method was compared and contrast. Based on 16 articles, the results showed three categories of umbilical cord separation time by using the open dry method. Four articles indicated the fast category (< 5 days), other ten as normal (5-7 days), and the other two the slow category (> 7 days). The accurate method for the umbilical cord care is open dry because the separation time is the fastest. However, further research using primary data is needed.

Umbilical Cord Separation Time and Influencing Factors in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Neonates.

The average time for umbilical cord separation in term neonates is 7 to 10 days. Prematurity, phototherapy, prolonged duration of antibiotic treatment, and parenteral nutrition are other factors which were demonstrated to delay cord separation. In the previous studies including greater premature infants, the time of separation of the umbilical cord was shown to vary 2 to 3 weeks. We aimed to determine the cord separation time and associated factors in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. In this retrospective study, VLBW infants (birth weight [BW] <1,500 g, gestational age [GA] < 32 weeks) without umbilical catheterization were included. Specific cord care was not applied. The cord separation time, gender, mode of delivery, presence of sepsis, duration of antibiotic treatment, serum free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone, lowest leukocyte, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs), and platelet counts were recorded. The study included 130 infants (GA: 29 ± 2 weeks, BW: 1,196 ± 243 g). Mean cord separation time was 14 ± 5 days, while 95th percentile was 22nd day of life. A positive correlation was demonstrated between duration of antibiotic treatment and cord separation time (p < 0.001, r: 0.505). Cord separation time did not differ regarding gender or mode of delivery. Corrected leukocyte count (p = 0.031, r: -0.190) and PMNL count (p = 0.022, r: -0.201), and serum FT3 level (p = 0.003, r: -0.261) were found to be negatively correlated with cord separation time. The cord separation time was found to be delayed in the presence of sepsis (with sepsis: 18 ± 7 days and without sepsis: 13 ± 3 days; p = 0.008). Sepsis was found to delay the cord separation time beyond second week (odds ratio = 6.30 [95% confidence interval: 2.37-15.62], p < 0.001). The 95th percentile for cord separation time was 22nd day. Sepsis might be either the reason or the consequence of delayed cord detachment. The exact contribution of low serum FT3 levels to the process of cord separation should be investigated in further studies. · Mean cord separation time was 14 ± 5 days, while 95th percentile was 22nd day, in VLBW infants.. · Sepsis was found to delay the cord separation time by sixfold beyond second week.. · Serum free triiodothyronine level was negatively correlated with cord separation time..

Bathing or Not Bathing: Which Is Better for Umbilical Cord Separation Time and Bacterial Colonization in Neonates?

Background: Sepsis is the third cause of death in the first month of life, and the umbilical cord is an important source for sepsis Objectives: We compared the effects of bathing or not bathing on bacterial colonization and cord separation time. Methods: A quasi-experimental study assessed term newborns at Golestan hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 2019 to 2020 in three groups. Bath (B) group included neonates who were bathed with tub water every two days (n = 90). Clean product (CP) group neonates were bathed with cleaners every two days (n = 87). Dry care cord (D) group neonates were not bathed during the first 10 days (n = 63). Periumbilical cord swabs were collected on the 10th day and cultured in blood agar and Eosin methylene blue agar. Bacterial sensitivity tests were done by disk diffusion. Results: The average time to cord separation was 8.2 ± 1.74 days (group B: 9.1 ± 2.1 days, group CP: 8.7 ± 1.82 days, group D: 6.8 ± 1.3 days), which was shorter in group D (P= 0.048). The positive culture rates were 77.8% in group B, 78.1% in group CP, and 74.6% in group D, which were not significantly different between the groups (P = 0.073). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolated species. Staphylococcus epidermis and Escherichia coli were the other most common species. Conclusions: Bathing with or without cleaners is safe. No-bath and water bath with or without cleaners had no difference in the rate and type of bacterial culture in umbilical cord but the cord separation time was shorter in the no-bath group. Therefore, in the first week, if a mother does not believe in bathing her baby, she should not be denounced and told that she did something wrong with cord hygiene.

The normal range of separation time of the umbilical cord in Iraqi Newborn

A prospective study was performed on 150 healthy term newborn babies who had been examined in postnatal ward of gynecology and obstetrics department at Al-Mahmodyia general hospital during the period from of April to December 2019. Among the total 150 surveyed cases, 71 cases were males (47%), 79 cases were females (53%). The mean time of umbilical cord separation for the male cases was 8.5 days, whereas that of the female cases was 8.3 days. In the studied newborns, the mean time of umbilical cord separation was 8.4 days, shortest documented time of separation was 4 days (3 cases) while the longest time of separation was 14 days (one case only). Most of the cases; 71 (47.33%) cases had separated the umbilical cord in the time period (>8 to 11 days), whereas the least group separated the UC in the time period (>11 days).

Effects of Newborn Umblical Cord Properties on the Cord Separation Time

Amaç: Bu çalışma, yenidoğanın umblikal kord özelliklerinin göbek düşme süresine etkisini belirlemek amacı ile yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Analitik nitelikte olan çalışma, 1 Eylül 2015 ile 1 Eylül 2016 tarihleri arasında, batıda yer alan bir üniversite hastanesinde, 90 anne ve yenidoğan ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın iki aşaması vardır. İlk aşamada doğum sonu dönem 0. günde anne ve yenidoğana ait özellikler değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın ikinci aşaması ise birinci görüşmeden en az 15 gün sonra anneler ile telefonla görüşülerek tamamlanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde sayı, yüzde dağılımları belirlenmiş, t testi, Mann Whitney U analizi yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Yenidoğanların %63.3’ü 38-41. gebelik haftası arasında, %86.7’si sezaryenle doğmuş olup, ortalama 3099±48 gr ağırlığında ve 49.85±2.42 cm boyunda, umblikal kord klemp mesafesi medyan değeri 2 cm, kord çevresi medyan değeri 1.5 cm olduğu bulunmuştur. Yenidoğanların göbeğinin düşme süresi ortalama 8.5 gün olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yenidoğanların %82.2’sinin göbek bakımı yapılmadığı ve kuru bırakıldığı, 14’ünde (%15.6) umblikal kord enfeksiyonu geliştiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada yenidoğanların doğum şekli ve Rh uyuşmazlığı durumu ile göbek düşme süresi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık saptanmıştır (p&amp;lt;0.05). Umblikal kord klemp mesafesi ve kord çevresi uzunluğu ile yenidoğanın göbeğinin düşme süresi arasında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmamıştır (p&amp;gt;0.05).Sonuç: Yenidoğanların göbek düşme süresi ile umblikal kord özellikleri (klemp mesafesi ve kord çevresi uzunluğu) arasında ilişki saptanmamıştır. Ayrıca sezaryen ile doğan yenidoğanlarda göbek düşme süresinin daha uzun, RH uyuşmazlığı sorunu yaşayan yenidoğanlarda ise daha kısa olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Umbilical cord separation time, predictors and healing complications in newborns with dry care.

The objective of this study was to explore the umbilical cord separation time, predictors, and healing complications from birth until the newborn was one month old. A quantitative longitudinal observational analytical study by stratified random sample was adopted. Public health system hospitals in southern Spain and at newborns' homes. Between April 2016 and December 2017, the study included 106 neonates born after 35-42 weeks of gestation whose umbilical cord was cured with water and soap and dried later as well as newborns without umbilical canalisation whose mothers enjoyed a low-risk pregnancy. The data collection procedure comprised two blocks: from birth to the time of separation of the umbilical cord and from cord separation to the first month of life of the newborn. Umbilical cord separation time was measured in minutes; socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were measured by means of questionnaires, and the external diameter of the umbilical cord was measured using an electronic stainless-steel calliper and trailing roller. The mean umbilical separation time: 6.61 days (±2.33, IC 95%:6.16-7.05). Incidence of omphalitis was 3.7%; granuloma was 8.6%. Separation time predictors were wetting recurrence, birth weight, intrapartum antibiotics, birth season, and Apgar < 9 (R2 = 0.439 F: 15.361, p <0.01). The findings support the World Health Organization recommendations: dry umbilical cord cares is a safe practice that soon detaches the umbilical cord, taking into account the factors studied that will vary the length of time until the umbilical cord is separated.

Umbilical cord separation time: chlorhexidine vs methylated-spirit

Background Use of topical antiseptics could reduce the incidence of infection; however, studies have suggested that some antiseptics prolong the time for cord separation when compared with others. Aims To compare the umbilical cord separation time between neonates receiving 7.1% chlorhexidine gel and methylated spirit. Methods A quasi-experimental research design was employed for this study. A multistage sampling technique was used to select three primary health centers in Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of 212 newborns (118 newborns in the chlorhexidine group and 94 in the methylated spirit group) were enrolled into the study. Findings There was a statistically significant difference in mean time to cord separation between chlorhexidine (9.53 ± 4.559 days) and methylated-spirit group (7.98 ± 2.984) (t=2.840; P=0.005). Conclusions Chlorhexidine gel prolongs cord separation when compared to methylated spirit. Prolonged cord separation time was the major cause of dissatisfaction in the two study groups. The increased cord separation time associated with chlorhexidine should not eliminate it in settings where the risk of cord infection is high, but mothers should be informed of this.

Survey of umbilical cord care practices and separation time in healthy new-born in Maiduguri, Nigeria

This study aimed at assessing the umbilical cord care practices and separation time in healthy new-born in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. A total of 365 women attending child welfare clinic were selected through systematic random sampling technique from three health care facilities in Maiduguri Metropolis. A self-developed and validated questionnaire was used to collect information from the women on common cord care practices and knowledge of standard umbilical cord care practices. The questionnaire was pretested in State Specialist Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State and the correlation coefficient of 0.87 determined. The result of the study revealed that common cord care practices among women in Maiduguri include the use of methylated spirit, hot compress, charcoal, Vaseline and table salt. Others were mixture of methylated spirit with traditional concoctions, toothpaste and cow dung were also found to be commonly used by the mothers. The mean umbilical cord separation time of 3.5 days (± 0.397) was observed with the unorthodox treatment of the cord. Although there was a good knowledge among the respondents with regards to standard umbilical cord care practice, there was however no commensurate practice. Therefore, there is an urgent need for cultural re-orientation most especially of women with regard and unhygienic traditional cord care practices on the new born.

Comparing the impacts of topical chlorhexidine and dry cord care on umbilical cord separation time among neonates

Background: Delayed umbilical cord separation (UCS) can increase the risk of infection. Therefore, cord care is of great importance. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the impacts of topical chlorhexidine and dry cord care on UCS time. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 174 neonates were recruited from two teaching hospitals affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. They were assigned to chlorhexidine and dry cord care groups. In the first group, 4% chlorhexidine solution was applied to the cord stump 3 h after birth and then every 12 h until 2 days after cord separation. The mothers of neonates in the dry cord care group were recommended to avoid using any material on the cord stump. The signs of cord stump infection were assessed by mothers on a daily basis and also by the second author at four-time points, namely, 3 h after birth (in hospital), 3 and 7 days after birth (through home visits), and 2 days after cord separation (through home visits). UCS time was documented by mothers. The Chi-square and the independent-samples t-tests were used to analyze the data. Results: UCS time in the chlorhexidine group was significantly longer than the dry cord care group (13.28 ± 6.79 vs. 7.85 ± 2.51 days; P 0.05). Conclusion: Dry cord care not only is as effective as topical use of chlorhexidine in preventing cord stump infection but also is associated with shorter cord separation time.

Effect of topical application of human breast milk versus 4% chlorhexidine versus dry cord care on bacterial colonization and clinical outcomes of umbilical cord in preterm newborns

Introduction: The umbilical cord is one of the routes of entry of microorganisms that can cause infection. Hence, affordable, effective, and safe cord care regimens are needed to prevent from such infections. Methods: The study was conducted in Nehru Hospital, PGIMER, Chandigarh, with the objective to assess the effect of two cord care regimens – human breast milk and 4% chlorhexidine on bacterial colonization and other clinical outcomes. A total of 105 newborns were enrolled and randomized into three groups (35 participants in each group) – human breast milk, 4% chlorhexidine, and dry cord care group (control group). The umbilical cord swab baseline sample was taken and cultured from each of the participants. The first application (either breast milk or 4% chlorhexidine) was done immediately after the baseline cord swab sample was taken. In the dry cord care group (control group), nothing was applied on the cord. Cord swab was again taken at 72 ± 12 h and at 120 ± 12 h after birth. Umbilical cord separation time was noted. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in cord colonization at baseline (P = 0.13). At 72 ± 12 h, 34.3%, 5.7%, and 51.4% had colonization in the breast milk, chlorhexidine, and dry cord care, respectively (P

Topical Breastmilk: Nursing Care of Newborn Umbilical Cord Model

Introduction: Omphalitis and umbilical cord separation time contributing to the number of morbidity and mortality in infants. There are various ways of cord care, but there was no significant difference in prevent of infection and cord separation time. Breast milk contains anti-infective and antiinflammatory factors that can be used for cord care. WHO recommends to develop it. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of topical breastmilk model on the incidence of omphalitis and separation time of the umbilical cord to the newborn.Methods: The study design was a quasy experimental. The subjects of this study were 30 newborns obtained by consecutive sampling in Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Kendangsari Surabaya May–June 2012. The samples were divided into 2 groups (topical breastmilk and open dry treatment), each group consists of 15 newborns. Data were analyzed using chi-square and independent t-test with a signifi cance level ofα≤0.05.Results: There was no difference in the incidence of omphalitis in the use of topical breastmilk model compared to open dry treatment (p=0.33). However, there are significant differences in the average of cord separation time between topical breastmilk model and open dry treatment (p=0.020).Conclusion: Model of cord care with topical breastmilk lowers the risk of omphalitis and accelerate the cord separation time compared to open dry treatment. Using breastmilk as cord care are safe, effective and efficient.

Impact of different antiseptics on umbilical cord colonization and cord separation time.

There is still some uncertainty on cord care practices all around the world, especially in developing countries. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of six different umbilical cord care practices on the rate of colonization and cord separation time. A total of 516 newborns were randomly allocated to the following six umbilical cord care groups: group 1 received dry care; groups 2-4 received a single application of 70% alcohol, 4% chlorhexidine, or povidon-iodine in the delivery room, respectively, which were discontinued thereafter; groups 5 and 6 received a single application of 70% alcohol or 4% chlorhexidine, respectively, starting in the delivery room andcontinuing every six hours until discharge. Umbilical cords were examined on the second and third days and between the fifth and seventh day for signs of omphalitis. Swab cultures were taken on the second or third day from all cases. Cord separation time (median [interquartile range]) was the shortest for group 1 (7 [6-7] days) and the longest for group 3 (10 [7-12] days) and group 6 (10 [8-12] days) (p < 0.001). The cord colonization in the swab cultures was significantly lower in groups 3 and 6 (p < 0.001). Omphalitis was detected in eight (1.5%) patients among the study population, and there was no significant difference between the groups. Our study showed that chlorhexidine application was the most effective agent in decreasing colonization, though it increased cord separation time significantly in both groups.

Chlorhexidine Cleansing of the Umbilical Cord and Cord Separation Time: A Hospital Based Study in Bangladesh

Background: Cord separation time has evolved as an important justification for recommending against the topical use of chlorhexidine on the cord. Objective: This present study was undertaken to determine the impact of cord cleansing with chlorhexidine on cord separation time and maternal acceptance of chlorhexidine in umbilical cord care. Methods: Between April 2013 to July 2014, 340 newborns were randomly assigned within a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh to receive 1 of 2 cord care regimens: clean and dry cord care (control) and single cord cleansing with 4% chlorhexidine. Results: The mean cord separation time in newborns of chlorhexidine group was significantly longer than dry cord care group (p &lt; 0.001). Mother of newborns in chlorhexidine group more frequently reported “longer than usual” cord separation time. Overall satisfaction of mother with cord separation time was high (95.9%). Conclusion: Topical chlorhexidine significantly increased cord separation time.Journal of Science Foundation, 2015;13(2):27-30DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v13i2.27929

The effects of two bathing methods on the time of separation of umbilical cord in term babies in Turkey.

Background:Umbilical cord infection developing subsequent to bacterial colonization is one of the outstanding reasons of newborn mortality and morbidity in underdeveloped and developing countriesObjectives:This study aimed to evaluate the influence of sponge and tub bathing methods on umbilical cord separation time in full term babies in Turkey.Patients and Methods:This quasi-experimental and randomized controlled study was performed on 100 healthy term newborn babies and their mothers. One-hundred full-term babies (51 sponge bathing, 49 tub bathing) born at a state hospital between 14.03.2013 and 18.05.2013 with gestational age of 38-42 weeks, weighing 2500 grams and above and met the selection criteria were included as the study sample. Two booklets were prepared about sponge bathing and tub bathing. Mothers were instructed about sponge bathing and tub bathing, umbilical cord care in prenatal and postnatal periods. The first postnatal visit was performed at the hospital. Home visits and telephone calls were continued until the day of cord separation. Number, percent, mean and standard deviation values, qui-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for data assessment.Results:The time of separation of umbilical cord in babies who were given sponge bathing (6.1 ± 1.4) was shorter compared to those given tub bathing (8.3 ± 2.5) (P < 0.005).Conclusions:Since wetting of umbilical cord during tub bathing delays the separation of umbilical cord, sponge bathing is recommended for newborns until the umbilical cord falls off.

English

BACKGROUND: The umbilical cord usually shrivels and falls off at around 5 to 15days of life. It is important to know timing of separation, so that parents may be advised on proper cord care and ally any misconceptions about the cord separation; early discharge has increased the need for women to receive accurate, relevant information on how to care for themselves and their newborns when discharged from the hospital. Delay in separation of the umbilical cord, umbilical discharge, odor, or granuloma causes concern and source of immense anxiety for parents, the interval between delivery and umbilical cord separation varies worldwide, this study is undertaken to determine time of separation and factors influencing the separation. OBJECTIVES: To determine time of separation of umbilical cord and factors influencing it. METHODS: SETTINGS: Babies admitted at a tertiary hospital, selected by purposive sampling technique. For each recruited baby, data is obtained about mother's parity, mode of delivery, gestational age, birth weight, and gender of baby, method of resuscitation, phototherapy, IV antibiotics, and cord blood TSH values, time of umbilical cord separation after birth. Newborns whose umbilical cord shriveled off during the stay in the hospital information were obtained directly, and a self-addressed postcard was given to parents of newborns whose umbilical cord was intact at time of discharge. Parents would be advised to note and write the date of fall of umbilical cord on post card and mail it. RESULTS: Cord separation time ranges from 3 to 11 days, with mean separation of 5.62 ± 2.37 days, it is one to two days earlier as compared to previous studies, seventy nine (79) of hundred and ten (110) separated between 5-7 days (71%), one baby had separation at 11days, babies who received antibiotics had statistically significant delay in separation time of umbilical, neonates received antibiotics had mean separation time (6 ± 2.4 days) as compared to those neonates not received antibiotics (5.53 ± 2.33 days), with p value of 0.017, none of the other parameters were found significant. CONCLUSION: In an era of early discharges, there is an increased need for women to receive accurate, relevant information on, how to care for themselves, and their newborns when discharged from the hospital. Our study revealed that umbilical cord separation can be expected mostly within one week, there may a slight delay in babies

O-157 The Effects Of Two Bathing Methods On The Time Of Separation Of The Umbilical Cord In Term Babies

Purpose This quasi-experimental research was conducted in order to evaluate the influence of bathtub and swabing methods on umbilical cord separation time in full term babies. Methods One-hundred full-term babies (49 bathtub, 51 swab) who were born at a state hospital between 14.03.2013 and 18.05.2013 with gestational age of 38–42 weeks, weighing 2500 gr and above and who met the selection cirteria consisted the study sample. Two booklets were prepared about bathtub and swab baths. Mothers were instructed about bathtub and swab baths, umbilcal cord care in prenatal and postnatal periods. The first postnatal visit was done at the hospital. Home visits and telephone calls were continued until the day of cord separation. Number, percent, mean and standard deviation values, qui-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for assessment of data. Results The difference between groups was found statistically significant when cord separation times were compared according to bath type (p Conclusion Since wetting of the umbilical cord during tub bathing delays the separation of umbilical cord, sponge bathing is recommended for newborns until the umbilical cord falls off.

Eau de Dalibour vs. Alcohol for Umbilical Cord Care

This study was conducted to compare the effects of Eau de Dalibour and ethanol on preventing omphalitis and also on umbilical cord separation time in neonates. In this clinical trial, 178 randomly selected, healthy term neonates were investigated. To disinfect the umbilical cords, Eau de Dalibour was used for 84 infants (case group) and ethanol for 94 infants (control group). No cases of omphalitis were observed in either group. Umbilical cord separation time was significantly shorter in the Eau de Dalibour group than in the ethanol group: 4.04 ± 1.61 days vs. 6.3 ± 1.82 days, p = 0.001. This study revealed that although Eau de Dalibour and ethanol were equally effective in preventing the incidence of omphalitis in neonates, Eau de Dalibour induced the separation of umbilical cord significantly quicker in the infants. Thus, Eau de Dalibour could be used as a suitable replacement for ethanol in neonates' umbilical cord care.