Timing Of Silencing Research Articles

Paths of Evolution: A Reading of Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Martín-Santos’ Time of Destruction

This essay examines Luis Martín-Santos’ second novel, Time of Destruction, unfinished at the time of his accidental death in 1964, in connection with James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916). To date, Marisol Morales-Ladrón remains the only scholar who has dealt extensively with both texts (2005: 162-182), a sharp contrast to the numerous studies that have discussed the traces of Joyce’s Ulysses in Martín-Santos’ first novel, Time of Silence (1962). The publication, in 2022, of Mauricio Jalón’s new edition of Martín-Santos’ Time of Destruction, one with significant textual amendments to the first edition (1975), provides an ideal opportunity to expand the scholarship on this scarcely researched topic. The first section of this essay offers a brief discussion of the new edition of Martín-Santos’ novel and reconsiders it in relation to Joyce’s work. The second section proposes a reading of A Portrait and Time of Destruction in light of the tension that exists between the narrators and the two main fictional figures in these novels, Stephen Dedalus and Agustín. The final section considers both novels in relation to Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy of history and morality.

Birdsong in a Time of Silence by Steven Lovatt

Reviewed by: Birdsong in a Time of Silence by Steven Lovatt Chris Arthur Steven Lovatt Birdsong in a Time of Silence London. Particular Books. 2021. 149 pages. IN TRYING TO convey the quality of Birdsong in a Time of Silence, I found myself remembering something from another beautifully written bird-themed book. In Owls and Other Fantasies, Mary Oliver says: "To pay attention, this is our endless and proper work." Steven Lovatt's elegiac meditation is underlain by—stems from—paying attention to something frequently unnoticed. The "time of silence" that rekindled his interest in listening to birds refers to the first of the UK's Covid-19 lockdowns. Coincidentally, the pandemic struck "at just that moment in the natural calendar when birdsong resumes in full force." Lovatt was by no means alone in being struck by birdsong during lockdown. As he notes, thousands of people, with more time to take in what was happening around them and with less traffic noise, started to notice and appreciate it. Listening to birdsong is one thing; writing a book about it something else. What gives Birdsong in a Time of Silence its charm is the deft and delicate touch Lovatt brings to describing something that's highly resistant to being put into words. He talks about the way, at dusk, "robins tick, pause and tick again, as though searching for the combination that will finally open the vault of the night." With the cacophony of a rookery he suggests that were it possible to reduce the sound to one "emotional alloy," it would be contentment. In explaining the difference between the sounds made by crows, rooks, and jackdaws, he likens their raucous noises to "pencils of different hardness." They share a "kindred graphite," but express it in ways as varied as an 8B and HB pencil. He describes the whistles of two male blackbirds confronting each other as "a lode of malice made briefly audible." In part a celebration of the beauty and mystery of birdsong, in part a reflection on how we live and how that might be bettered, in part pages from a journal of a plague year, Lovatt has written an engaging and powerful volume. Its modest length belies its impact. This is the author's first book. One hopes it is a harbinger of others. The skill with which he lays before readers "an almost forgotten aspect of the grammar of reality" suggests that his is a voice worth listening out for. Whether he's talking about migration, the way unhatched chicks are "taught" in the egg by their parents' singing, or the crucial importance of the listening female birds when it comes to understanding birdsong, the book is informed by a wealth of ornithological knowledge. Far from reducing its pages to a dull monograph, such knowledge enhances the points he makes. Though alert to the enormous threats faced by birds—"In Britain alone," we're told, "there are fifty million fewer birds" than when Rachel Carson's Silent Spring appeared in 1962—Birdsong in a Time of Silence is not an environmental jeremiad. Instead, it displays quiet optimism. Looking at how birdsong enriched people's lives during lockdown, how paying attention to the natural world can lead to new concern for it, Lovatt reckons that maybe "something good" can emerge from this time of "uncertainty and suffering." Without a hint of the heavy-handedness that often happens when writers turn reflexive and examine their own craft, Lovatt's thoughts on the difficulties his topic presents and how he tackled them add to the appeal of the book. Aware of his reliance on simile and metaphor, he notes how many of the comparisons he uses are, like the birds they describe, under threat. He likens a wren's song to the spinning of a spindle, a bullfinch's call to the creaking of an iron gate, the din of reed warblers to a smithy, whilst a noisy skein of geese reminds him of "coupled train carriages going over points." The problem is that all these objects "are rapidly fading from the world." He worries that our age of "enforced digitization" impoverishes "the common soundscape" and so restricts "our...

Doublesex regulates male-specific differentiation during distinct developmental time windows in a parasitoid wasp

Sexually dimorphic traits in insects are subject to sexual selection, but our knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms is still scarce. Here we investigate how the highly conserved gene, Doublesex (Dsx), is involved in shaping sexual dimorphism in the model parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). First, we present the revised Dsx gene structure including an alternative transcription start, and two additional male NvDsx transcript isoforms. We show sex-specific NvDsx expression and splicing throughout development, and demonstrate that transient NvDsx silencing in different male developmental stages shifts two sexually dimorphic traits from male to female morphology, with the effect being dependent on the timing of silencing. In addition, we determined the effect of NvDsx on the development of reproductive organs. Transient silencing of NvDsx in early male larvae affects the growth and differentiation of the internal and external reproductive tissues. We did not observe phenotypic changes in females after NvDsx silencing. Our results indicate that male NvDsx is required to suppress female-specific traits and/or to promote male-specific traits during distinct developmental windows. This provides new insights into the regulatory activity of Dsx during male wasp development in the Hymenoptera.

Geoscience Commits to Racial Justice. Now We’ve Got Work to Do

To be silent is to be complicit in our own destruction because racism destroys us all. But not being silent entails more than publishing statements. There is also the collective silence of inaction. —No Time for Silence

Time for Silence to End

Time for Silence to End

No Time for Silence: An Urgent Need for Political Activism Among the Medical Community

Despite being a major stakeholder in the U.S. health care system, the medical community has remained relatively mute in the debate over the future of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). If the ACA were repealed, tens of millions of Americans would be in danger of losing their insurance, resulting in a significant increase in mortality. Because misinformation about the ACA is rampant, it is imperative that health care providers explain to the public what exactly the ACA is and how repeal will affect patients. Traditionally, many in the medical community have abstained from political advocacy for multiple reasons, including compromising the doctor-patient relationship, financial incentives, lack of experience with activism due to an absence of training in that area, and fear of political retaliation. Encouragingly, there are indications that the medical community is beginning to become more vocal. Medical students are one example, having formed a grassroots response to repeal. However, students need more guidance and support from experienced mentors to most effectively serve as patient advocates. This is no time for silence: On this life-or-death issue, the medical community cannot afford to remain mute.

A Time for Silence? Its Possibilities for Dialogue and for Reflective Learning

From the beginning of history sounds have played a fundamentally important role in humanity’s development as ways of expression and of communication. However in contemporary western society, and indeed globally, we are experiencing an excess of speech and a relentless encouragement to expression. Such excess indicates a misunderstanding about what expression and dialogue should be. This condition encourages us to think about silence, solitude and contemplation and the role they might play in restoring the realm of personal understanding of the Self and of one’s authentic experience of the Other. The purpose of this article is to explore the potency of a silence that arises from our participation in the world. We present first some ideas about silence as a human phenomenon. This is followed by an examination of silence and language, an investigation of silence in dialogue, and of its educational implications. The article concludes by emphasising the value of silence as potency in itself, assisting in recovering the expressive powers of language. We argue that it is important to understand the positive status of silence in order to recognise and avoid repressive speech and to introduce its potential for reflective learning.

A Time for Silence: William Lloyd Garrison and the “Woman Question” at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention

The World Anti-Slavery Convention of 1840 is remembered most as the event that inspired Lucretia Coffin Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to organize the Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention. Few scholars, however, have analyzed the debate proceedings that ultimately resulted in women’s exclusion from the convention. An analysis of the convention proceedings questions Wendell Phillips’ strategy of speaking on behalf of the women, arguing instead that William Lloyd Garrison’s strategy of silence was the more rhetorically astute response to the exclusion of women. Garrison’s silent protest not only attracted more attention to the women’s rights cause, but also inspired women to speak on their own behalf.

Literatura y filosofía: Sartre, Martín-Santos y Bartleby

Luis Martin Santos has been, after his soon death, one of the most unfairly forgotten Spanish intellectuals. This situation happens to be even more unjust considering the success of his novel “Time of Silence” and his unfinished “Time of Destruction”. The works of this psychiatrist, philosophically formed in the existentialism tradition, tackle from psychiatric and medical studies to interpretations of Dilthey, Jaspers and Heidegger. Maybe the most important achievement made by Dr. Martin-Santos was the fact of pooling in his novels all the different fields he worked in, namely: existential philosophy, psychiatry and literature. This mutual influence leads to a clearly existential interpretation of the narrative subject and to a nihilist conception of freedom: the nothingness completely understood as Sartre did. And, consequently, the attractiveness of approaching the Spanish author through literary theories that are close to the French contemporary philosophy and the primacy, not only of the existential analysis in literature, but also of the influence of the literary character as a fiction that is able to create possible realities. That is why it is interesting to study “Bartleby the Scrivener” as a paradoxical example of the existential nothingness made flesh. To put it in a nutshell, the existential triviality, a sign of modern times, has been indeed very successfully portrayed by Martin-Santos.

Huxley’s Feelies: The Cinema of Sensation in Brave New World

have just been, for first time, to see and hear picture talk, Aldous Huxley writes in 1929 essay called Silence Is Golden (Essays 2: 19). A little late in day, he imagines his up-to-date reader remarking patronizing and contemptuous smile. After all, film that introduces Huxley to world of sound cinema, Jazz Singer, had been released two years earlier. gigantically enlarged (21) images on screen spouting noise send Huxley into paroxysms of scorn and fury; he is especially horrified by scene in which Al Jolson sings Mammy in blackface: My flesh crept as loud-speaker poured out those sodden words, that greasy, sagging melody. I felt ashamed of myself for listening to such things, for even being member of species to which such things are addressed. (23) While only half feigning his reactionary pose, Huxley condemns talkies as the latest and most frightful creation-saving device for production of standardized amusement (20). Huxley's violent response to Jazz Singer is window onto key moment in history of cinema, when articles such as Silence Is Golden, Why 'Talkies' Are Unsound (Betts), Ordeal by 'Talkie' (Betts), and The Movies Commit Suicide (Seldes) contended with equally impassioned defenses of sound film. (1) crisis occasioned by coming of sound now appears as an overblown objection to transition that in hindsight seems inevitable. But just as itself was often perceived as revolutionary--George Bernard Shaw remarked in 1914 that The is going to form mind of England.... is much more momentous invention than printing press (9) (2)--the coming of sound was greeted by many as watershed moment. Beyond changes in industry (the retirement of actors who had unpleasant voices, for example), talkies raised more philosophical questions about social, moral, and even physical effects of moving and talking images. Cinema history would not be accurately represented by chronicle of technical development from, say, Muybridge to present. Such history would miss crucial component of story of cinema: spectatorship. Accounts from period such as Huxley's and Iris Barry's Let's Go to Pictures emphasize not just what happens on screen but how audience responds. Those responses are strikingly different from how we now think of spectatorship, and this is particularly true of reception of talkies. Recently critics such as Tom Gunning, Miriam Hansen, Jonathan Crary, and Ben Singer, following early lead of Walter Benjamin (3) and Siegfried Kracauer, have moved away from psychoanalytic approach that dominated film criticism in 1980s to more historical and sociological model that addresses how visual modernity in general and spectatorship in particular are bodily, visceral experiences. Cinema is not merely screen for psychic identifications but is experienced by an embodied, somatically affected spectator. While story of Lumiere's train sending confused audiences screaming from screen in 1895 has been debunked, (4) writing from time of Silence Is Golden demonstrates Kracauer's assertion that film was thought of as influencing the spectator's senses, engaging him physiologically before he is in position to respond intellectually (Theory 158). Gunning's description of earliest filmmaking as cinema of attractions (121) striving more for spectacle than telling story and Singer's examination of early blood and thunder melodramas, among other work, suggest that modern technologies of vision were experienced as mobilizing body and actively producing what Hansen calls a new sensorium (70). Different stages of cinematic development produced different modes of spectatorship and perception, and this was especially true of transition to sound. …

Major chromatin remodeling in the germinal vesicle (GV) of mammalian oocytes is dispensable for global transcriptional silencing but required for centromeric heterochromatin function

Global silencing of transcriptional activity in the oocyte genome occurs just before the resumption of meiosis and is a crucial developmental transition at the culmination of oogenesis. Transcriptionally quiescent oocytes rely on stored maternal transcripts to sustain the completion of meiosis, fertilization, and early embryonic cleavage stages. Thus, the timing of silencing is key for successful embryo development. Yet, the cellular and molecular pathways coordinating dynamic changes in large-scale chromatin structure with the onset of transcriptional repression are poorly understood. Here, oocytes obtained from nucleoplasmin 2 knockout ( Npm2 −/− ) mice were used to investigate the relationship between transcriptional repression and chromatin remodeling in the germinal vesicle (GV) of mammalian oocytes. Although temporally linked, global silencing of transcription and chromatin remodeling in the oocyte genome can be experimentally dissociated and therefore must be regulated through distinct pathways. Detection of centromeric heterochromatin DNA sequences with a mouse pan-centromeric chromosome paint revealed that most centromeres are found in close apposition with the nucleolus in transcriptionally quiescent oocytes and therefore constitute an important component of the perinucleolar heterochromatin rim or karyosphere. Pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) with trichostatin A (TSA) revealed that HDACs are essential for large-scale chromatin remodeling in the GV. Importantly, the specialized nuclear architecture acquired upon transcriptional repression is essential for meiotic progression as interference with global deacetylation and partial disruption of the karyosphere resulted in a dramatic increase in the proportion of oocytes exhibiting abnormal meiotic chromosome and spindle configuration. These results indicate that the unique chromatin remodeling mechanism in oocytes may be specifically related to meiotic cell division in female mammals.

Late Modern

Books reviewed:John A. Davis, Italy in the Nineteenth CenturyMichael Wintle, An Economic and Social History of the Netherlands, 1800–1920. Demographic, Economic and Social TransitionStanislaw Eile, Literature and Nationalism in Partitioned Poland, 1795–1918Jerzy Kloczowski, A History of Polish ChristianityRobert Woods, The Demography of Victorian England and WalesAlan Armstrong, The Population of Victorian and Edwardian NorfolkMartin Gorsky, Patterns of Philanthropy. Charity and Society in Nineteenth‐Century BristolJohn Belchem, Merseypride: Essays in Liverpool ExceptionalismJohn Belchem (ed.), A New History of the Isle of Man: Volume V: The Modern Period 1830–1999Fabrice Bensimon, Les Britanniques face à la révolution française de 1848David Nash and Antony Taylor (ed.), Republicanism in Victorian SocietyIan Inkster, Colin Griffin, Jeff Hill, and Judith Rowbotham (eds), The Golden Age: Essays in British Social and Economic History, 1850–1870Mike Huggins, Flat Racing and British Society 1790–1914: A Social and Economic HistorySimon Gunn, The Public Culture of the Victorian Middle Class: Ritual and Authority in the English Industrial City 1840–1914Ida Blom, Karen Hagemann and Catherine Hall (eds), Gendered Nations: Nationalism and Gender Order in the Long Nineteenth CenturyDeirdre Beddoe, Out of the Shadows: A History of Women in Twentieth‐Century WalesJohn Milner, Art, War and Revolution in France 1870–1871. Myth, Reportage and RealityWilliam Kidd, Les Monuments aux morts mosellans de 1870 à nos joursHélène Carrère d’Encausse, Nicholas II. The Interrupted TransitionMark Cornwall, The Undermining of Austria‐Hungary. The Battle for Hearts and MindsIan F. W. Beckett, The Great War 1914–1918Robert Self, The Neville Chamberlain Diary Letters, Volume 1: The Making of a Politician, 1915–1920 and Volume 2: The Reform Years, 1921–1927Geoffrey Best, Churchill: A Study in GreatnessGeorge Peden, The Treasury and British Public Policy 1906–1959June Purvis and Sandra Stanley Holton (eds), Votes for WomenPatricia Clavin, The Great Depression in Europe, 1929–1939Ian Kershaw, Hitler 1889–1936: HubrisIan Kershaw, Hitler, 1936–1945: NemesisNeil Gregor (ed.), NazismPeter Jackson, France and the Nazi Menace. Intelligence and Policy Making 1933–1939Michael Jabara Carley, 1939. The Alliance That Never Was and the Coming of World War IIRichard Breitman, Official Secrets. What the Nazis Planned. What the British and Americans KnewMichael Richards, A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco’s Spain, 1936–1945Claire Duchen and Irene Bandhauer‐Schöffmann (eds), When the War was Over: Women, War and Peace in Europe 1940–1956Patrick McCarthy (ed.), Italy since 1945Douglas R. Holmes, Integral Europe: Fast‐Capitalism, Multiculturalism, NeofascismSpencer C. Tucker (ed.), Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social and Military HistoryKevin Ruane (ed.), The Vietnam WarsDavid Childs (ed.), The Fall of the GDR: Germany’s Road to UnityJohn K. Walton, The British Seaside. Holidays and Resorts in the Twentieth CenturyRichard Holt and Tony Mason, Sport in Britain, 1945–2000

A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936–1945. By Michael Richards. Studies in the Social and Cultural History of Modern Warfare, volume 4. Edited by, Jay Winter, et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. xii+314. $59.95.

<i>A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936–1945</i>. By Michael Richards. Studies in the Social and Cultural History of Modern Warfare, volume 4. Edited by, Jay Winter, et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. xii+314. $59.95.

A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco’s Spain, 1936-1945, by Michael Richards.

<i>A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco’s Spain, 1936-1945</i>, by Michael Richards.

Michael Richards. &lt;italic&gt;A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936–1945&lt;/italic&gt;. (Studies in the Social and Cultural History of Modern Warfare, number 4.) New York: Cambridge University Press. 1998. Pp. xii, 314. $59.95

Michael Richards. &lt;italic&gt;A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936–1945&lt;/italic&gt;. (Studies in the Social and Cultural History of Modern Warfare, number 4.) New York: Cambridge University Press. 1998. Pp. xii, 314. $59.95

A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936-1945

A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936-1945

Nation and State in Twentieth-Century Spain

Pamela Beth Radcliff, From Mobilisation to Civil War: The Politics of Polarisation in the Spanish City of Gijón, 1900–1937 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 354 pp., £40, ISBN 0–521–56213–9.Carolyn Boyd, Historia Patria: Politics, History, and National Identity in Spain, 1875–1975 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), 358 pp., $49.50, £35.00, ISBN 0–691–02656–4.Sebastian Balfour, The End of the Spanish Empire 1898–1923 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997), 269 pp., £35.00, ISBN 0–198–20507–4.Clare Mar-Molinero and Angel Smith, eds., Nationalism and the Nation in the Iberian Peninsula: Competing and Conflicting Identities (Oxford/Washington, DC: Berg, 1996), 281 pp., £34.95, pb £14.95, ISBN 1–859–73175–9.Michael Richards, A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936–1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 314 pp., £40.00, $59.95, ISBN 0–521–59401–4.Gerald Howson, Arms for Spain: the Untold Story of the Spanish Civil War (London: John Murray, 1998), 354 pp., £25, ISBN 0–719–55556–6.During the long years of Francoism, Spanish historiography was dominated by a search for explanation. Against the regime's triumphalist account of the ‘essential’ Spain – resurgent in the form of the victorious general's authoritarian, confessional state – exiled intellectuals such as Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz and Américo Castro posed questions about the ‘problem’ of Spain, looking to the country's past to explain the political violence of the present. For those who won the Civil War of 1936–39, Spain's national destiny was to remain true to the imperial, Catholic legacy of the Habsburg monarchy. Eschewing modern ‘decadence’ and the false paths of secularism and democracy, Spain was to remain, according to Franco, the ‘spiritual reserve of the west’. Such a vision of history, in Mike Richards's words, ‘appropriated time itself in acknowledging no distinctions between past, present and future’ (Mar-Molinero and Smith, p. 152). To Francoist ideologues, both history and the nation were understood in terms of providential destiny: once understood, the national destiny would prove immutable.

A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936-1945

A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936-1945

A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936-1945 by Michael Richards

A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936-1945 by Michael Richards

No Time for Silence: Evangelical Women in Public Ministry around the Turn of the Century. Janette Hassey

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook NotesNo Time for Silence: Evangelical Women in Public Ministry around the Turn of the Century. Janette Hassey Barbara Brown ZikmundBarbara Brown Zikmund Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Religion Volume 68, Number 4Oct., 1988 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/487982 Views: 3Total views on this site Copyright 1988 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.