First-time Breastfeeding Research Articles

Information Seeking Behavior and Strategies to Increase Milk Supply Among Breastfeeding Mothers in the United States.

Background: Some breastfeeding mothers try to increase their milk supply through pharmaceutical, dietary, and behavioral strategies that vary in effectiveness. Information seeking behaviors may influence which strategies mothers use. Objective: To describe where mothers obtain information about increasing milk supply, describe the perceived influence of each information source on decision-making about strategies for increasing milk supply, and explore associations between information sources and mothers' use of galactagogues (i.e., pharmaceutical and dietary strategies) and behavioral strategies. Methods: Women who were currently breastfeeding and living in the United States were recruited through Facebook advertisements to complete an online survey between December 2020 and February 2021. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and chi-square tests compared participants' use of galactagogues and behavioral strategies by information sources. Results: Participants were 1,351 breastfeeding mothers (81% non-Hispanic white; 47% first-time breastfeeding; 21% Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children participants). Nearly all participants (97%) obtained information about increasing milk supply from at least one source, most commonly lactation consultants (68%), Facebook (61%), search engines (50%), websites (47%), and nurses (41%). There was high variability in the perceived influence of each source on decision-making. Galactagogue use was higher among participants who obtained information from the internet (Yes: 68% vs. No: 43%, p < 0.000), social media (Yes: 65% vs. No: 40%, p < 0.000), family and friends (Yes: 65% vs. No: 53%, p < 0.000), and lactation consultants (Yes: 63% vs. No: 54%, p < 0.002). Behavioral strategies were more commonly reported among participants who accessed these same sources, maternal health care professionals (Yes: 98% vs. No: 91%, p < 0.000), and pediatricians (Yes: 98% vs. No: 94%, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Breastfeeding mothers commonly obtained information about increasing milk supply from a variety of sources. Information sources accessed were associated with mothers' use of galactagogues and behavioral strategies for increasing milk supply.

A Qualitative Study of Breastfeeding Experiences Among Mothers Who Used Galactagogues to Increase Their Milk Supply

ObjectiveTo qualitatively describe breastfeeding experiences among mothers who used galactagogues to increase their milk supply. DesignOne-time, semistructured phone interviews. SettingUS. ParticipantsBreastfeeding mothers (n = 19) who reported ever consuming foods, beverages, or herbal supplements to increase their milk supply in a cross-sectional online survey were purposefully sampled to participate in this qualitative study. Participants were diverse in terms of race and ethnicity, education, income, infant age (0–18 months), and prior breastfeeding experience (32% first-time breastfeeding). Phenomenon of InterestReasons for trying to increase milk supply, sources of information about increasing milk supply, and strategies tried to increase milk supply. AnalysisInterviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. ResultsParticipants expressed determination and commitment to breastfeeding but unexpectedly struggled to breastfeed and increase their milk supply. They sought information from multiple sources and used individualized approaches to address milk supply concerns on the basis of recommendations from others, as well as the perceived convenience, cost, palatability, and safety of potential strategies. Conclusions and ImplicationsResults suggest a need to expand breastfeeding education and support so that lactating parents anticipate common breastfeeding challenges and are aware of evidence-based strategies for increasing their milk supply.

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure through infant feeding in early life.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are non-degradable, man-made-chemicals with an elimination half-life of multiple years, causing accumulation in the environment and humans with potential harmful effects. However, longitudinal PFAS levels in human milk, daily PFAS intake and the association with infant plasma PFAS levels have never been reported. We investigated longitudinal PFOA and PFOS levels in human milk and the daily PFAS intake through infant feeding in the first 3months of life, the most important determinants and the correlation with PFAS plasma levels at age 3months and 2years. In 372 healthy term-born Dutch infants, we determined PFOA and PFOS levels in human milk given at age 1 and 3months, in 6 infant formula brands and in infant plasma at 3months and 2years, using liquid-chromatography-electrospray-ionization-tandem-mass-spectrometry(LC-ESI-MS/MS). We studied the associations between daily PFAS intake and predictive characteristics by multiple regression models. PFOA and PFOS levels in human milk decreased between 1 and 3months after delivery, regardless whether breastfeeding was given exclusively(EBF) or in combination with formula feeding. PFOA and PFOS could not be detected in any formula feeding. Daily PFAS intake(ng/kg) was highest in EBF-infants. Higher amount of human milk, older maternal age, lower parity and first-time breastfeeding were associated with higher daily intake. Daily PFAS intake in early life was strongly correlated with PFAS plasma levels at age 3months and 2years(R=0.642-0.875, p<0.001). Human milk contains PFOA and PFOS, in contrast to formula feeding. Daily PFOA and PFOS intake in early life is highest in exclusively breastfed infants and it is highly correlated with infant's plasma levels throughout infancy. Our findings show that breastfeeding is an important PFAS exposure pathway in the first months of life, with unknown but potential adverse effects. Knowing the important health benefits of breastfeeding, our findings warrant more research about the health outcomes in later life.

Impact of Kangaroo Mother Care Intervention on Immunological and Pulmonary Functions of Preterm Infants during Breastfeeding.

Objective Preterm infants (PTIs) are prone to respiratory failure or other diseases due to immature organ development and poor immunological function. Herein, the effects of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on the immunological and pulmonary functions of PTIs during breastfeeding were investigated in this study. Methods The study recruited 86 delivery women and their PTIs with preterm pregnancy outcomes, consisting of 46 cases receiving breastfeeding plus KMC intervention (KMC group) and 40 cases receiving breastfeeding plus routine care (control group). The time of first lactation, time of first breastfeeding, and duration of first breastfeeding were observed in both cohorts. The breastfeeding status was assessed using the LATCH system. Maternal psychological status was evaluated by the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale (BSES) and self-rating anxiety/depression scale (SAS/SDS). The growth and development of PTIs were recorded, and the levels of postalbumin (PA), transferrin (TRF), plasma albumin (ALB), immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, IgM, and complement C3 and C4 were measured. The tidal volume (VT), tidal volume per kilogram (VT/kg), minute volume (MV), and minute volume per kilogram (MV/kg) were detected using a pulmonary function tester. Results The KMC group presented shorter time of first lactation and first breastfeeding than the control group, with longer duration of first breastfeeding (P < 0.05). After intervention, the BSES scores of delivery women were increased, while the SAS and SDS scores were decreased, with more notable improvements in the KMC group (P < 0.05). The levels of PA, TRF, ALB, IgA, IgG, VT, and MV were elevated in PTIs in both groups, with more evident increase in the KMC group than in the control group (P < 0.05). A better growth of PTIs was found in the KMC group than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The study demonstrated that KMC intervention during breastfeeding could benefit PTIs specifically regarding their immunological and pulmonary functions.

Travayda Duş Almanın Annenin Doğum Memnuniyeti Ve Doğum Sonrası Konforuna Etkisi

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of showering in labor on the birth satisfaction and maternal postnatal comfort of the mother. Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled study model was used in the study. Pregnant women in the active phase of labor were randomly divided into 1:1 experimental and control groups (50+50). The data were collected twice, before and after birth, using the questionnaire form. Prenatal data was collected using the Prenatal Data Collection Form. Data after birth was collected with the Postnatal Data Collection Form, Postnatal Comfort Scale, and Birth Satisfaction Scale. The pregnant women in the experimental group were showered in 37°C water for at least 20 minutes. Student t, Mann Whitney U, and chi-square tests were used to evaluate the data.Results: There was no significant difference between the birth satisfaction and postpartum comfort scale scores of the groups (p>0.05). There was a strong relationship between birth satisfaction and postpartum comfort in the experimental group (r=0.68). In the experimental group, postpartum comfort and satisfaction scores were significantly higher in women who did not undergo episiotomy and breastfeed in the first half-hour (p<0.05). There was no difference between postpartum comfort and satisfaction levels of the groups according to the presence of episiotomy and the time of first breastfeeding (p>0.05).Conclusion: Although showering in labor did not have a direct effect on birth satisfaction and postpartum comfort, it was found that it can positively affect birth results.

Assessing the changes in childbirth care practices and neonatal outcomes in Western China: pre-comparison and post-comparison study on early essential newborn care interventions

ObjectiveTo explore the changes in childbirth care practices and health outcomes of newborns after the introduction of early essential newborn care (EENC).DesignA pre-comparison and post-comparison study.SettingThe study was conducted in...

DETERMINING THE FACTORS RELATED TO FIRST TIME POSTNATAL BREASTFEEDING

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is a problem in Indonesia that must be addressed in various aspects. New-borns need more attention in fulfilling their intake for growth and development. The best baby intake for early life after childbirth is exclusive breast milk. The importance of the time when breastfeeding is first given is closely related to the success of the Early Breastfeeding Initiation (EBI). Besides being able to handle the problem of infant intake, EBI is useful in strengthening the relationship between mother and child due to the interactions formed during breastfeeding. The goal to be achieved by researchers is to determine factors related to the time when breastfeeding was first given after birth. This type of research is analytic descriptive using the Spearman correlation test and chi-square statistical tests. The data used are secondary data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017. The results of the descriptive analysis of the study are that the majority of mothers as respondents gave breastfeeding for the first time immediately at 62.8%. The results of the bivariate analysis of the study are the relationship between maternal parity (p = 0.001 and r = -0.072), infant birth weight (p = 0.03 and r = 0.049), area of residence (p = 0.013) and type of delivery (p = 0.013) p = 0.001) to the time of first breastfeeding.

Investigating the Relationship Between Breastfeeding Duration and Health Literacy in Primiparous Women Referring to Tehran Health Centers: An Application of Bayesian Poisson Regression Model

Introduction: Breast milk is an ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants. Breastfeeding is associated with benefits of lifelong health for both infants and mothers. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting breastfeeding duration in primiparous women referring to Tehran health centers. Methods: In this analytical study, the population consisted of primiparous women of reproductive age who referred to Tehran health centers in 2015-2016 having a child aged 2-5 years. Data were collected by a questionnaire for measuring the level of Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA) in the urban population, a Socio-Economic Status (SES) questionnaire and interviews with mothers. Statistical analysis was done using Bayesian Poisson regression model and OpenBUGS software. Results: In the present study, the minimum and maximum of breastfeeding duration were one and 24 months respectively, and the median duration of breastfeeding was 20 months. Also, exclusive breastfeeding was reported at 50.5%. The variables age of mother (CI 95%: -0.01, -0.008), health literacy score (CI 95%: 0.01, 0.02) and the first-time breastfeeding more than one hour after birth (CI 95%: -0.34, -0.04) had significant relationship with breastfeeding duration. Conclusion: The health literacy score, the age of mother and the first-time breastfeeding more than one hour after birth had a significant relationship with breastfeeding duration. Therefore, considering the importance of the effect of maternal health literacy on breastfeeding, it is suggested that mothers of prepregnancy have the ability to obtain a high score of health literacy

Observation of labor process combined with comprehensive nursing care in cesarean section postoperative pregnancy after vaginal delivery of pregnant women in the application of the effect of observation

Objective To investigate the effect of combined nursing care in postoperative vaginal delivery of pregnant women after cesarean section. Methods A total of 85 pregnant women with repregnancy after cesarean section in the hospital from February 2016 to May 2017 were selected as the research objects. According to the admission order, they were divided into the observation group (43 cases) and the control group (42 cases). The control group was given general nursing and labor process observation, observation group on this basis combined with comprehensive nursing intervention. The success rate of vaginal delivery, neonatal outcome and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were compared. Results The success rate of vaginal delivery in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [93.02% (40/43) vs76.19%(32/42)] , and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). Apgar score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the initial breast-feeding time was shorter than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction degree of the observation group was higher than the control group [93.02%(40/43)vs73.81%(31/42)], and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Observation of labor process combined with comprehensive nursing can effectively improve the success rate of vaginal delivery of pregnant women after cesarean section, improve neonatal outcomes, shorten the time of first breastfeeding, and nursing satisfaction is high.It is worthy of clinical promotion and application. Key words: Re-pregnancy after cesarean section; Vaginal delivery; Labor process observation; Comprehensive care

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN WAKTU MENYUSUI PERTAMA KALI PADA BAYI BARU LAHIR DI RSUD MERAUKE

Advantages of Early Breastfeeding Initiation is to get food with quality and quantity. The purpose of this study to determine the factors associated with the time of breastfeeding the firstfirst time in newborns at the Regional General Hospital (RSUD). This research design using descriptive method of quantitative research with cross sectional approach with accidental sampling technique. The sample is 60 respondents. Data were collected in the post partum room of normal post-partum mothers with normal-born infants at RSUD Merauke. Independent variable is mother's age, mother's education, mother's parity, mother's knowledge, type of delivery and support of health officer. The dependent variable is the first feeding time in the newborn. The results showed that the factors that influence the time of first breastfeeding in the newborn is the type of labor (p value 0.00) while the non-influencing factors are maternal age (p value 0.765), maternal education (p value 0.390), maternal parity value 0.12) maternal knowledge (p value 0, 528) and health officer support (p value 0.19)

The Relationship of Knowledge and Breastfeeding Practice to Maternal BMI

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the effect of breastfeeding on maternal BMI and evaluate mothers’ knowledge of infant feeding in Samsun, Turkey. A total of 289 mothers who had children ranging from 0 to 2 years of age and applied to the Family Health Centers were included in the study. The mothers filled out a questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge on infant feeding. The data was evaluated using the SPSS with the descriptive statistics, the Student t-test, the chi-square test, and multiple linear regression analyses. Most of the mothers, who did never breastfeed their children, were either overweight or obese. As a result of the multiple linear regression analysis, we concluded that maternal age, number of pregnancies, time of first breastfeeding ≥ 12 hours, and early introduction of complementary foods positively affect maternal BMI. Increased maternal BMI is thought to be negatively correlated with decreased breastfeeding of babies immediately after birth.

Association of Mothers' Background Characteristics and Severe under Nutrition in Pre Schoolers

The objective of this study was to analyse the effects of age, BMI, delivery spacing, number of children, time of first breast feeding, awareness about nutrition and poverty of mothers on under nutrition of pre schoolers. It is the report of ICDS survey conducted in 2008 for under nutrition among pre schoolers. The study area included all 14 Tahasils of Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra and the participants were 0-6 year old pre schoolers. The children were generally found under nourished when their mothers were not educated, from Scheduled Tribe (ST), Scheduled Caste (SC) and Nomadic Tribe (NT) castes, belonging to low to middle socio-economic groups of the age 20-24 years with lesser delivery spacing.

Neonatal hypothermia and associated risk factors at baby friendly hospital in babol, iran.

Background:Thermal care is an important element of Baby Friendly Hospital.Aim:The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of neonatal hypothermia and associated risk factors in healthy full term newborns at a Baby Friendly Hospital.Subjects and Methods:A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on consecutively healthy full term neonates recruited during a 1 year. Temperatures were recorded immediately after birth and at the age of 1, 2 and 4 h after birth in order to estimate the prevalence of neonatal hypothermia, defined as axillary temperature less than 36.0°C. The data were collected using an especially questionnaire; data of history of abortion, parity, mode of vaginal delivery, gestational age, birth weight, newborn temperatures, time of the first skin-to-skin contact, time of first breast feeding, first wrapping and first visiting by the pediatrician. Association between neonatal hypothermia and risk factors was determined using logistic regression.Results:Axillary temperature showed 41.2%, 47.5%, 46.4% and 37.2% of the a consecutive number of 522 healthy full term neonates were moderately hypothermia immediately after birth, at 1 h, 2 h and 4 h respectively. Spontaneous labor and warming room were associated with decreased risk of hypothermia. A persistently high prevalence of neonatal hypothermia was shown within the first 4 h of vaginal birth. All analyses were carried out using the SPSS version 17.0 (Chicago IL, USA). Test of the associations were done, stepwise multiple logistic regressions. Odds ratios (ORs) were assessed using maximum likelihood and associated 95% confidence intervals were computed. A P ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significantConclusion:The findings of this study indicated that a high prevalence of neonatal hypothermia was identified among healthy full term newborn in a Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize on the development “warm chain” in preventing neonatal hypothermia in Baby Friendly Hospital.

Effect of immediate and continuous mother–infant skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous women: A randomised control trial

To evaluate the effect of mother-infant immediate skin-to-skin contact on primiparous mother's breastfeeding self-efficacy. A randomised control trial. The study was conducted in Omolbanin obstetrics hospital (large tertiary hospital), Mashhad, Iran. 114 18-35 year-old primiparous, Iranian, healthy and full term mothers who anticipated normal vaginal delivery and intended to breastfeed their babies. Skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth and then controlling breastfeeding self-efficacy at 28 days postpartum. Maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy at 28 days postpartum and success in first breastfeeding and mean time of first breastfeeding initiation. A total of 92 mother-infant dyads (47 dyads in skin-to-skin care skin-to-skin contact group and 45 dyads in routine care group) were monitored and analysed. In skin-to-skin contact group, breastfeeding self-efficacy was 53.42±8.57 SD as compared to 49.85±5.50 SD in routine care group which is significantly higher in skin-to-skin contact group (p=0.0003). Successful breastfeeding initiation rate was 56.6% in skin-to-skin contact group as compared to 35.6% in routine care group (p=0.02). Time to initiate first feed was 21.98±9.10 SD min in SSC group vs. 66.55±20.76 min in routine care group (p<0.001). Mother-infant immediate skin-to-skin contact is an easy and available method of enhancing maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. High breastfeeding self-efficacy increases exclusive breastfeeding duration.

Initiation of breastfeeding within 120 minutes after birth is associated with breastfeeding at four months among Japanese women: A self-administered questionnaire survey

BackgroundThe proportion of mothers in Japan who breastfeed exclusively has been low since the 1970s. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the time of first breastfeed after birth and the proportion of mothers fully breastfeeding up to four months postpartum.MethodsA survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. The participants were 318 mothers who participated in a physical examination of their four month old infants in Nagasaki City, Japan in 2003.ResultsThe time of first breastfeeding up to 120 minutes was significantly associated with the proportion of mothers fully breastfeeding during their stay in the clinic/hospital (p = 0.006), at one month (p = 0.004) and at four months after birth (p = 0.003). There was no significant difference in the proportion of full breastfeeding in mothers who first breastfed between the period of less 30 minutes after birth and that of between 31 and 120 minutes after birth. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the proportion of mothers who continued full breastfeeding at four months was significantly higher in those who breastfed their baby within 120 minutes compared with more than 120 minutes (OR 2.5, p = 0.01), but was not significantly different in those who breastfed within 30 minutes compared with more than 30 minutes (OR 1.8, p = 0.06). Early breastfeeding was affected by caesarean section, premature delivery and severe bleeding during delivery.ConclusionCommencement of early breastfeeding was associated with the proportion of mothers who fully breastfed their infants up to four months. Early breastfeeding, especially within two hours, is recommended for child and maternal health.

Cesarean Delivery and Breastfeeding Outcomes

Breastfeeding outcomes of 121 primiparas enrolled in a larger study were examined to determine the impact of cesarean delivery on time of first breastfeeding. Mothers giving birth by cesarean had a later first breastfeeding and expressed less satisfaction with the birth experience than did those who delivered vaginally. No relationships were found between delivery type and duration of breastfeeding or pain or fatigue related to breastfeeding. Time of first breastfeeding was not related to breastfeeding duration. Although some investigators have reported that mothers who have cesarean deliveries or delayed first feeding are less successful at breastfeeding, the high level of commitment to breastfeeding in this sample may have overcome the effect of perinatal events.