Time Management Disposition Research Articles

The effects of procrastination on physical activity among Chinese university students: the chain-mediated effects of time management disposition and exercise motivation

ObjectivesGrounded in self-determination theory (SDT), the procrastination-health model, and the mechanism model of exercise persistence, this study examined the effects of procrastination on physical activity and the mechanism of its action in Chinese college students.DesignThis study employed a cross-sectional design.MethodsA total of 957 Chinese university students (Mage = 20.26, SD = 1.07) completed questionnaires. The Aitken Procrastination Questionnaire, the Adolescent Time Management Dispositions Scale (ATMDS), the Modified Physical Activity Motivation Measure-Revised (MPAM-R), and the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3) were used to measure procrastination, time management disposition, exercise motivation, and physical activity.ResultsProcrastination, time management disposition, exercise motivation, and physical activity were each significantly correlated, and procrastination was a significant negative predictor of physical activity. The mediating effect of time management disposition and exercise motivation in the effect of procrastination on physical activity was significant, and the mediating effect accounted for 44.65% of the total effect. Three paths were specifically included: first, the separate mediating effect of time management disposition, second, the separate mediating effect of exercise motivation, and third, the chain mediating effect of time management disposition and exercise motivation.ConclusionThis study reveals the mechanism of action by which procrastination influences physical activities through time management disposition and exercise motivation in Chinese college students. The findings provide guiding recommendations for further promoting greater participation in physical activities among college students.

The study of psychosocial characteristics of youth with internet addiction

Objective: To explore the mental health status, coping styles, personality traits, and time management tendencies of adolescents with internet addiction, providing a theoretical basis for the mental and physical health education of these youth. Methods: A total of 2,784 students were screened for internet addiction using an internet addiction test questionnaire. Of the 80 identified internet addicts, 77 students were designated as the study group, and 80 students without a tendency towards internet addiction were selected as the control group. Both groups were evaluated using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and the Adolescent Time Management Disposition Scale (ATMD). Results: The rate of internet addiction among adolescents was 3.1%. Except for the paranoid and psychotic factor scores, the study group's SCL-90 scores in the remaining eight factors were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). The active coping dimension score of the SCSQ was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (P<0.01), while the passive coping dimension score was significantly higher (P<0.01). The introversion and neuroticism dimension scores of the EPQ were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (P<0.01), while the psychoticism dimension score was significantly higher (P<0.01). The ATMD scores for time value, time monitoring, and time efficacy were all significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Adolescents with internet addiction have poor mental health status, a more negative problem-solving approach, introverted and reclusive personality types, and unreasonable time management.

Smartphone Distraction and Academic Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Academic Procrastination and the Moderating Role of Time Management Disposition.

The present study investigated the relationship between smartphone distraction, academic procrastination, academic anxiety, and time management disposition. A total of 474 college students were recruited to complete a survey comprising measures of smartphone distraction, academic procrastination, academic anxiety, and time management disposition. The hypothesised moderated mediation model was tested using Model 4 and Model 15 of the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results showed that smartphone distraction was positively and significantly correlated with academic anxiety (r = 0.40, p < 0.001) and academic procrastination (r = 0.42, p < 0.001). Academic procrastination mediated the relationship between smartphone distraction and academic anxiety. Time management disposition moderated the paths from academic procrastination and smartphone distraction to academic anxiety. The present study suggests that smartphone distraction could predict increased levels of academic procrastination, which could then lead to higher academic anxiety. However, the predicting effects in this mediation model could fluctuate across individuals with different time management dispositions. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of smartphone distraction using different methods.

The Relationship Between Social Media Dependence and Academic Procrastination Among College Students: The Mediating Role of Time Management Tendency and Self-Control

This study examines the influence of social media dependence on academic procrastination and the mediating role of time management tendency and self-control. The study find that a. social media dependence has a positive correlation with academic procrastination. b. Time management tendency plays a partial mediating role in the influence of social media dependence on academic procrastination. c. Self-control partially mediates the influence of social media dependence on academic procrastination.

Time Management Disposition in Learning Motivation and Academic Performance of Lacquer Art Majors in Fujian, China

Time Management Disposition in Learning Motivation and Academic Performance of Lacquer Art Majors in Fujian, China

The prospective associations among time management tendency, negative emotions, and problematic smartphone use in Chinese nursing students: enlightenment from COVID-19.

The regularity of epidemic prevention and control measures in China has meant that nursing students have been exposed to more electronic devices, while problematic smartphone use has increased. The purpose of this study is to determine the prospective associations among time management tendency, negative emotions, and problematic smartphone use in nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal study was conducted between November 2021 and May 2022. A total of 989 nursing students participated. The convenience sampling method was adopted and the following tools were used: the Adolescence Time Management Disposition Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales - 21, and the Mobile Phone Addiction Index. Multiple parallel mediation models were used by Mplus. Time management tendency had a significantly negative effect on problematic smartphone use (p < 0.05). Further tests using mediation models showed that stress as a negative emotion mediated the relationship between time management tendency and problematic smartphone use (p < 0.05) over time. Nursing educators need to strengthen the stress resistance and time management ability of nursing students.

The Effect of Negative Emotions on Sleep Procrastination Behaviours: Chain Mediation of Self-control and Time Management Tendencies

This study aims to research the effects of negative emotions on bedtime procrastination behaviors, with self-control and time management as chain mediating variables. Using relevant scales, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 300 participants. The results showed significant negative correlations between bedtime procrastination and negative emotional bias, self-control, and time management tendency. Mediation analysis indicated that, Controlling for gender and age., negative emotions significantly positively predict bedtime procrastination. The significant mediating role of time management tendency, and Interlocking mediating effects of self-control and time management tendencies is significant. In essence, individuals with high levels of negative emotions are more likely to engage in bedtime procrastination behaviors and negative emotions can lead to bedtime procrastination behaviors by affecting self-control and time management tendencies.

Impact of Mobile Phone Addiction on College Students’ Learning Investment under COVID-19: The Intermediary Role of Time Management Tendency and the Regulation of Self-Control

Under the background of the COVID-19 epidemic, the problem of mobile phone addiction in college students has become increasingly serious. This study takes the relationship between mobile phone addiction and college students’ learning input under the COVID-19 epidemic as the main line, investigates the intermediary role of time management tendencies on mobile phone addiction and their learning input, and investigates the regulatory role of self-control. It is hoped that this study can help college students realize the harm from mobile phone addiction, thus reducing the time they spend in using mobile phones and improving their learning investment. In this study, 972 valid questionnaires were selected from 6 colleges and universities in Henan Province, and the effects of the variables such as mobile phone addiction, time management tendency, and self-control on college students’ learning input were explored. The results show that: (1) There is a significant negative correlation between learning investment tendency and mobile phone addiction. (2) Time management tendencies play an intermediary role between mobile phone addiction and college students’ learning input, that is, mobile phone addiction mainly affects college students’ learning investment through time management tendencies. (3) Self-control plays a regulatory role in the mediating effect of time management tendencies.

An indicator of the view of time passing: the development and validation of the metacognitive knowledge of time passing scale (MKTPS) in Chinese college students.

How we view the passage of past time determines how we face time itself as well as our futures, which has a strong impact particularly during the highly creative and malleable college years. Chinese culture cherishes time deeply, and for centuries there has been a tradition of "educating children and youth to inspect the passage of time." However, in today's age of information and intelligence, time has shown a trend toward fragmentation. How do contemporary Chinese college students view the passage of time, and what structures or content does it contain? The answer to this question remains uncertain, necessitating further exploration. Following Flavell's theory of metacognitive knowledge (MK), we adopted a semi-structured interview method and used the results to first outline the basic structure of Chinese college students' view of time passing, identifying four major aspects: priming aftereffect, life touching, positive promotion, and negative inhibition. Then, using the initial four-dimensional structure as a starting point, we developed the Metacognitive Knowledge of Time Passing Scale (MKTPS), and carried out exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to test its fit. The results showed that the four-factor scale and its 22 items had a good fit to the data. Third, the reliability and validity of the self-developed scale were tested. The results show that the internal consistency, split-half, and retest reliability of the MKTPS are good (all rs > 0.60). The construct validity of the MKTPS is also good (r between subscales is 0.33-0.60, r between subscales and total scale is 0.64-0.87), the convergent validity with Zimbardo's negative past time perspective is high (r = 0.37), and the discriminant validity with Zimbardo's future time perspective is significant (r = 0.18). Regarding criterion correlation validity, the total scores of the MKTPS have a significantly higher positive correlation with those of the time management disposition (TMD) scale (r = 0.45). Future points for studying the view of time passing in adults of all ages and across cultures field and shortcomings of the current study are also discussed.

Problematic mobile phone use and time management disposition in Chinese college students: the chain mediating role of sleep quality and cognitive flexibility

BackgroundWith the widespread adoption of smartphones, there has been a notable increase in problematic mobile phone use (PMPU), particularly prevalent among college students. Research suggests that apart from being associated with various problematic behaviors, this excessive mobile phone use might also have an impact on individual personality traits, such as time management disposition (TMD), which plays a significant role in individual motivation and psychological well-being. While previous literature has identified a negative relationship between PMPU and TMD, few studies have delved into the underlying mediating mechanism. Thus, the main aim of this study was to examine the chain mediating effect of sleep quality and cognitive flexibility on the relationship between PMPU and TMD.MethodsA total of 921 Chinese college students completed the questionnaire. We collected basic information about the participants and assessed their PMPU, TMD, sleep quality, and cognitive flexibility using the Problematic Mobile Phone Use Scale-10, Adolescence Time Management Disposition Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory.ResultsThe results indicated a significant correlation among all the variables. Moreover, we noted that both sleep quality and cognitive flexibility fully mediated the association between PMPU and TMD. Additionally, a chain mediating effect involving sleep quality and flexibility in this relationship was also identified.ConclusionWe found that sleep quality and cognitive flexibility had a series of multiple mediating effects in the pathway from PMPU to TMD, and both significantly mediated TMD. These findings indicated that impaired cognitive function and sleep quality may contribute to time management difficulties resulting from PMPU, suggesting that problematic behaviors like PMPU can impact one’s personality traits. Therefore, interventions should be enhanced to mitigate the adverse effects of PMPU.

A REVIEW OF TIME MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN CHINESE UNIVERSITIES

This paper adopts a qualitative approach, conducting a literature review which studies time management among undergraduate students in Chinese universities at home and abroad through libraries, reference rooms and online resources. There is significant gender, urban/rural, arts and science, grade, academic performance, and school-type discrepancies in time management among Chinese university undergraduates. Professional time management training and group counselling can help develop undergraduate students' time management abilities. In addition, according to the theoretical analysis framework of "time management tendency", issues in time management among Chinese university undergraduates appear to be closely related to psychological characteristics and behaviours of individuals. Previous research on undergraduate time management has focused on the management of the current situation, while systematic research on the underlying causes of poor time management has been neglected. While it has been suggested that time management skills can be improved through training, little has been written about research into other educational interventions. Compared with students’ previous educational experience, the proliferation of after-school free time is a distinctive feature of university life. An individual's time management skills directly affect his or her ability to study independently and further influence the personal qualities of the individual as a whole. This study aims to investigate the current situation of Chinese undergraduates' after-school time management ability, reveal the problems underlying Chinese undergraduates' after-school time management, disclose the shortcomings in the current management process and identify the factors affecting Chinese undergraduates' after-school time management ability, in order to help improve time management skills among Chinese undergraduate students.

Postgraduates’ time management disposition and mental health: mediating role of life satisfaction and moderating role of core self-evaluations

BackgroundThe current study aimed to investigate the relationship between postgraduates’ time management disposition and mental health. As such, it constructed a moderated mediation model to examine the mediating role of life satisfaction on the relationship between graduate students’ time management disposition and mental health and examine whether this role was moderated by core self-evaluations.Methods455 postgraduates were surveyed by the Adolescence Time Management Disposition Inventory, the Adolescent Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale, the revised version of the Chinese Core Self-Evaluation Scale, and the revised version of the Chinese General Health Questionnaire.ResultsTime management disposition, life satisfaction, core self-evaluation, and mental health were significantly correlated. Time management disposition indirectly affected mental health through the mediating effect of life satisfaction. Core self-evaluation moderated the second half of the mediating effect of time management disposition on mental health via life satisfaction.ConclusionThe findings reveal the mechanism between time management disposition and mental health, which will help school educators to guide postgraduates in developing good time management disposition and improving life satisfaction and core self-evaluation, and thus improve their mental health.

Research on the Relationship between Time Management Disposition and Academic Achievement of College Students —Exploration on Ideological and Political Teaching of Positive Psychology

Time management disposition; Academic achievement; Curriculum ideology and politics

Planning new ideas: Does time management tendency benefit daily creativity?

Planning new ideas: Does time management tendency benefit daily creativity?

"Time is My Own Treasure": Parental Autonomy Support and Academic Procrastination Among Chinese Adolescents.

PurposePrevious studies have shown that academic procrastination not only affects middle school students’ academic performance but also causes them physical and psychological stress, as well as negative emotions. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the influencing factors of academic procrastination and its internal mechanisms. This study aims to explore the relationship between perceived parental autonomy support and academic procrastination, as well as the role of autonomous motivation and time management disposition.Participants and MethodsCross-sectional data from 662 middle school students were collected using the Parental Autonomy Support Scale, Academic Procrastination Inventory for Middle School Students, Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire and Adolescence Time Management Disposition Scale. SPSS and its PROCESS macro were used for data analysis.ResultsAfter gender and age were controlled, the results showed that perceived parental autonomy support could not only directly predict middle school students’ academic procrastination but also predict three paths of procrastination: (1) the mediating role of autonomous motivation, (2) the mediating role of time management disposition, and (3) the chain mediating role of autonomous motivation and time management disposition.ConclusionAutonomous motivation and time management disposition played a chain mediating role in the relationship between perceived parental autonomy support and academic procrastination in middle school students.

The Mediating Roles of Time Management and Learning Strategic Approach in the Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Academic Procrastination.

PurposeSmartphone is an indispensable everyday tool for college students, while excessive usage of smartphones may lead to negative outcomes, such as academic procrastination. Previous research has suggested that smartphone addiction is a predisposing factor for procrastination. To further understand the above relationship, structural equation model analysis was used to examine the mediating effects of time management and learning strategic approach in the association with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2021. A total of 1129 college students aged 18 to 22 participated in the present study was adopted the cluster random sampling method and the following tools were used: the Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale, Time Management Disposition Scale, Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory, and Aitken Procrastination Scale.ResultsResults indicated that smartphone addiction is positively linked to academic procrastination, while negatively linked to time management and learning strategic approach. Both time management and learning strategic approach were negatively linked to academic procrastination. Additionally, the results showed that time management and learning strategic approach serve sequential mediating roles in the association with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination among Chinese college students after controlling for age and sex (RMSEA = 0.045, SRMR = 0.035, TLI = 0.993, CFI = 0.979).ConclusionTime management and learning strategic approach serve sequential mediating roles in the association with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination among Chinese college students. Therefore, intervention management that focusing on improving time management as well as strengthening learning strategic approach may be useful for reducing academic procrastination among college students.

Time management disposition and relevant factors among new nurses in Chinese tertiary hospitals: A cross-sectional study.

IntroductionNew nurses struggled with time management, which was a prominent theme in safety care for patients. However, the transition training of time management for new nurses was complicated and ignored by clinical managers. The purpose of this study was to understand the level of new nurses’ TMD from a nationwide perspective and detect the influencing factors of the TMD.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study design with a stratified sampling method was sampled in China. Six hundred and seventy new nurses within the first year of employment were recruited. New nurses’ time management disposition, job stressors, self-efficacy, clinical communication competence, and safety behavior were measured by corresponding scales.ResultsNew nurses showed the best sense of time’s value, followed by the sense of time efficacy and time monitoring view for time management disposition. The related factors of time management disposition were communication skills, safety behavior, job stressors, and being without a preceptor. New nurses’ time management disposition was at a moderate level and they performed worse in time allocation. The highest education, with or without a preceptor, the experience of part-time jobs, and class cadre were significantly influencing the time management disposition of new nurses.ConclusionNursing managers should pay attention to new nurses’ time management disposition. Reducing the job stressors, improving communication ability, and safe behavior were important measures to improve the time management disposition.

Time Management Disposition Mediates the Influence of Childhood Psychological Maltreatment on Undergraduates' Procrastination.

ObjectiveThe present study explores the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and procrastination among college students and the mediating effect of time management disposition.Materials and MethodsThe present study surveyed 682 college students from two universities with the Children’s Psychological Maltreatment Scale, Aitken Procrastination Questionnaire, and Adolescence Time Management Disposition Scale.ResultsThere are significant positive correlations between childhood psychological maltreatment and undergraduates’ procrastination (r = 0.197, p < 0.01), namely, individuals with more severe childhood psychological maltreatment are more likely to procrastinate. Time management disposition negatively correlates with childhood psychological maltreatment (r = −0.136, p < 0.01) and procrastination (r = −0.573, p < 0.01). The mediating roles of the time management disposition in the association between childhood psychological maltreatment and undergraduates’ procrastination are significant.ConclusionTime management disposition plays a mediating role in the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and college students’ procrastination behavior.

The Influence of College Students' Time Management Tendency on Job-Hunting Anxiety: Mediating Role of Job-Hunting Self-Efficacy.

To explore the influence of career self-efficacy and time management tendency on career anxiety of college students, and to analyze the mediating effect of career self-efficacy between time management tendency and career anxiety of college students. By random cluster sampling, 300 college students were selected, and all the tests were completed at one time with the scale of adolescent time management tendency and the scale of college students' self-efficacy in choosing jobs. Gender differences have a significant impact on college students' self-efficacy in choosing jobs. The average level of college students' time management ability is higher. The total scores of time monitoring, time efficacy and time management tendency of college students have a significant negative correlation with career anxiety. The total scores of time efficacy and time management tendency can directly predict achievement motivation. Time management tendency is an important factor affecting college students' anxiety in choosing a job, and the skills of time management tendency of college students can be trained and coached.

College Students’ Time Management Disposition, Self-Esteem and Mobile Phone Addiction

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of time management disposition on mobile phone addiction, explore the mediating role of self-esteem, and examine the differences between active and inactive college students in this mediating role. 887 college students participated in this study with valid measures. According to physical activity rating scale (PARS-3), students who met the recommendations of the World Health Organization's Global recommendations on physical activity for health were categorized into active groups while the others were inactive group. The data was subjected to mediation model testing and multi-group comparison using Amos 21.0. The proportion of physical inactivity of college students was as high as 66.76%, there were significant differences between active and inactive college student in time monitoring concept, time efficacy, self-esteem, withdrawal symptoms, prominent behavior, social comfort and mood change. Each dimension of time management disposition was significantly negatively correlated with each dimension of mobile phone addiction, and was significantly positively correlated with self-esteem. Self-esteem was significantly negatively correlated with all dimensions of mobile phone addiction. According to the model test, the data fitted the hypothesized model well. In the whole sample model and active group model, self-esteem played a partial mediating role. In the inactive college student group, the exercise value cognition played a part of mediating role. Multi-group analysis found that the moderating effect of active or not was not significant. Self-esteem played a part of mediating role in the influence of time management disposition on mobile phone addiction. The findings suggest that persistent participation in physical activity help students to improve time management ability and reduce mobile phone dependence and even addiction. Future research needs to explore more influential factors for promoting college students' physical and mental health.