Minutes Of Time Research Articles

KUMARASWAMY TYPE II GENERALIZED TOPP-LEONE-G FAMILY OF DISTRIBUTIONS WITH APPLICATIONS

In the field of reliability theory, practitioners have been working assiduously in recent years to propose new families of continuous probability distributions that extend the standard theoretical distribution that is currently in use. They have done this by hybridizing two or more probability models or by introducing one or more parameters to get more flexibility in fitting data from a variety of fields, including the environmental, economics, finance, and medical sciences. The T-X approach was used to establish the Kumaraswamy Type II Generalized Topp-Leone-G (KwT2GTL-G) family, which extends the Type II Generalized Topp-Leone-G family of distributions with extra shape parameters. A few statistical characteristics of the novel family were determined and examined. A sub-model emerged and MLE was used to estimate the model parameters. To demonstrate the value of the new family, two real-life data sets were used: a set that related to the relief times (in minutes) of patients taking an analgesic, and the other that related to the failure and service times for a windshield. The superior goodness-of-fits and empirical flexibility of the KwT2GTL-G distribution are demonstrated by comparisons with other distributions, including the Kumaraswamy Extension Exponential (KwEEx), Kumaraswamy Exponential (KEx), Exponential Generalized Exponentiated Exponential (EGEEx), and Exponentiated Weibull-Exponential (EWEx) distributions.. In the second dataset, the KwT2GTLEx distribution achieved an AIC value of 38.0489, outperforming the EGEEx distribution which had an AIC value of 39.6708 next to it. These findings highlight the KwT2GTL-G family's potential to enhance lifetime data modeling, which would have a substantial impact on engineering,...

STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF COLD ROLLING AND ANNEALING ON ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH OF AA2024 ALLOY USING BOX-BEHNKEN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

This study investigates the effects of thermo-mechanical processing parameters, specifically cold rolling and annealing, on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of AA2024 alloy, employing a Box-Behnken experimental design. The deformation during cold rolling, the annealing temperature, and the time annealing were varied to evaluate their individual and combined effects on the UTS. The results demonstrated that the UTS increased with deformation from 50% to 60%, but decreased with higher annealing temperatures (460°C - 500°C) and extended annealing times (10 to 30 minutes. Among the parameters, annealing time exhibited the most significant influence on UTS, followed by deformation level and annealing temperature. The optimized parameters - 60% deformation, 460°C annealing temperature, and 10 minutes time annealing - predicted a UTS of 628 MPa, with experimental verification confirming a 3% deviation. This research underscores the critical importance of controlling thermo-mechanical parameters to optimize the mechanical properties of AA2024 alloy, offering valuable insights for industrial applications.

The Rochester Model for Spinal CSF Leak Repair Simulation and Scoring.

Iatrogenic spinal durotomies occur at a rate of 1% to 17%. Surgical simulation for durotomy repair is needed to provide affordable, accessible, and validated practice. This study sought to design and validate a simple 3-dimensional printed model for spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak repair and to introduce the Rochester original objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) CSF leak (ROCL) repair criteria for assessment. A spinal model was designed to mimic a lumbar laminectomy with the L3-5 lamina removed and 3-dimensional printed using Vero polymers. The model was paired with a porcine collagen "dura" that was pressurized using IV saline and overlayed with gel-molded fascial, muscle, and skin layers with an opening. Participants were provided a training model with a 1.5-cm midline durotomy, surgical microinstrument set, microscope, and 6-0 prolene suture. The 25-point ROCL repair criteria were adapted from the original OSATS principles to assess proficiency in surgical repair by 2 blinded neurosurgeons not participating in the trials. Postsimulation survey data regarding model realism were collected. Six residents and 4 attendings participated. Median operative time in minutes was 13 minutes among residents and 7 minutes among attendings. Moreover, the ROCL score was a median of 19/25 for attendings and 15/25 for residents. The suture angle was statistically more consistent among senior residents and attendings compared with junior residents. Participants agreed that the model was realistic (median 4/5), useful for improving the operative technique (median 5/5), and would increase comfort in spinal CSF leak repair procedures (median 5/5). Each reusable model had a cost of $19.99 if printed with polylactic acid and each replacement dura cost <3¢. This study presents an affordable, realistic, and educational spinal CSF leak repair model and introduces ROCL for assessment.

Implementing a colostrum-kit reduces the time to first colostrum for neonates admitted to the NICU – a retrospective observational study

BackgroundThe World Health Organisation states that newborns should receive colostrum as soon as possible after birth. However, among newborns needing neonatal intensive care, initiation of lactation and access to colostrum might be delayed. At the centre of this study, a tertiary care hospital in Sweden (10,000 deliveries/year), few admitted infants received colostrum within the day of birth, warranting a quality improvement. In order to reduce the time from birth to first colostrum received by infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), a new clinical routine including a colostrum-kit, was implemented as standard care in June 2018. The colostrum-kit contained information about hand expression of breastmilk as well as material for collecting, labelling and transporting the colostrum. The kit should be handed to all birthing parents with infants admitted to the NICU.MethodsData on time in minutes from birth to first colostrum administered to the infant (oral mouth care, oral feeding or gavage feeding) was retrieved for all infants born between 1 September 2016 and 31 October 2023, admitted to the NICU within 1h from birth. Infants were divided into four time-cohorts, compared with nonparametric ANOVA.ResultsThe study included 3618 infants born at 22 + 0 – 43 + 0 weeks gestational age, of whom 2814 (78%) had available data on time to colostrum. Median (IQR) time in hours was 35 (20–36) pre-implementations, followed by 18 (7–38), 11 (4–26) and 8 (3–22) in the subsequent follow-up cohorts, p < 0.001. Subgroups of mode of delivery had median (IQR) pre-implementation of 30 (19–54) for vaginal and 47 (23–72) for caesarean section that reached 7 (2–18) and 9 (3–26) in the last follow-up. Subgroups of gestational age (< 28, 28–31, 32–36, > 36 weeks) had a pre-implementation time of 48 (26–80), 46 (23–73), 33 (20–60) and 32 (19–57), that in the last follow-up was reduced to 4 (2–20), 7 (2–29), 9 (2–33) and 9 (4–19).ConclusionsImplementing a colostrum-kit for infants admitted to the NICU significantly reduced the time to first colostrum administered to the infant in all gestational ages. The difference between subgroups of gestational age or mode of delivery was reduced. The effect persisted over time.

Duration of In-patient Physical Therapy at a Tertiary Hospital: Implications of a Time and Motion Study

Background and Objectives. Inpatient physical therapy (PT) care entails careful provision of service for individuals across a spectrum of disorders needing evidence-based physical rehabilitation during their hospital admission. The main difficulty is identifying adequate time allocation for safe patient service within an eight-hour working time frame. At a selected tertiary teaching government-run hospital, an arbitrary personnel-population ratio method is used for human resource allocation which may lead to issues in service delivery and healthcare workforce wellness. Apart from patient care, physical therapists also assume non-clinical roles revolving on administration, clinical education, and research. This highlights the importance of identifying the duration of tasks to assess work efficiency and manage time constraints posed by the limitations of the work shift. Practice guidelines may help improve staff workload scheduling, however, there is a lack of available guidelines regarding physical therapy practice in the hospital or acute care setting for developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the duration of care for inpatients with musculoskeletal and neurological conditions and administrative tasks, and to determine the relationship of duration of care with months of experience. Methods. A continuous observation time motion study of a typical workday of all physical therapists in an in-patient setting of a tertiary teaching hospital was conducted. An external observer will time the tasks done by the PT. The external observer kept distance from the direct patient encounter to minimize interference that may affect timing. Patients with conditions of different etiologies and functional levels were included. Results. Nineteen physical therapists with a mean experience of 54.63 months were observed. There were no adverse events during the implementation of this study. The total mean time in minutes of management of neurological patients is 37:32, and musculoskeletal patients is 28:30. Time for administrative tasks took an average of 20:33 minutes. There was also a low positive correlation on months of experience and treatment duration for patients with neurologic conditions (p=0.0471). Results showed that the allocated treatment duration is determined to be sufficient for performing PT activities. The optimal number of patients to be decked can also be appropriately determined to optimize resource allocation. Conclusion. Our pilot study attempted to quantify the duration of PT care in an inpatient setting that caters to patients with different diagnosis and varying needs for PT management. Although descriptive statistics and a weak to insignificant correlation was seen in most of the variables, there may be some benefit in gathering more duration data across different acute care settings within the country. Our pilot time and motion study can contribute to the limited evidence of duration of inpatient care that may inform human resource allocation, deliverables prioritization, and employee wellness and development. Figures have been presented which could be the basis for future policy research for management science and resource allocation studies.

Optimization of Acetylcholinesterase and Sucrose Concentration using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach in the Development of Paper-Based Biosensor for Pesticides Detection

Excessive use of pesticides, particularly organophosphate pesticides (OPs), to increase agricultural productivity may give a risk to consumers if consumed as these pesticides are neurotoxic substances. To increase agricultural productivity, fruits and vegetables are frequently treated with excessive pesticides, particularly organophosphate pesticides (OPs). Several methods have been studied and developed to identify pesticide residue in crops, however the standard laboratory procedures for OPs analysis involves the use of HPLC or GC-MS. These methods are complex in sample preparation and require expert labor to operate. Paper-based biosensors are low-cost platforms for fast detection in the field, offering an easy and reusable option. In this study, a colorimetric paper-based biosensor based on immobilizing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using sol-gel silica matrices and indoxyl acetate is developed. The Response Surface Methodological (RSM) approach was used to optimize AChE concentration and sucrose as a stabilizer, allowing simultaneous optimization of multiple variables using smaller-size datasets. This study used the central composite design (CCD) fractional factorial design using Design Expert 7.0 software. A quadratic model was selected to represent both immobilization yield and relative AChE activity responses. The model was evaluated using ANOVA values and Lack of Fit test which confirmed that the quadratic models for both responses are suitable for experimental data. Validation of the model demonstrates that the predictive model accurately represents of the validation research. The Limit of Detection (LoD) of the biosensor for pure profenofos pesticide after a 20-minute incubation time is 1 ppm, as indicated by a 32.55 % decrease in color intensity. After a week of storage at 4 °C, the biosensor showed a loss of 5.92 % on immobilization yield and 2.55 % on relative activity indicating a good storage stability. The mean value of lettuce samples was 200.60 ± 1.2 a.u, with pesticide concentration of 2.57 ± 1.2 ppm (n=3). HIGHLIGHTS Incorporating AChE into the sol gel matrices is a great way to enhance the stability of the enzymatic colorimetric pesticide detection. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is considered as useful for optimizing response level of AChE and sucrose. Combination of optimum AChE and sucrose concentration show beneficial effect on the stability of the biosensor. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

A Tailored De-Implementation Strategy to Reduce Low-Value Home-Based Nursing Care: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study.

To facilitate the delivery of appropriate care, the aim was to test if a tailored, multifaceted de-implementation strategy (RENEW) (1) would lead to less low-value nursing care and (2) was acceptable, implementable, cost effective and scalable in the home-based nursing care context. A mixed-methods design. The RENEW strategy with components on education, persuasion, enablement, incentives and training was introduced in seven teams from two organisations in the Netherlands. To estimate the effect size, data were collected at baseline (T0) and follow-up measurement (T1), on the volume of care in both frequency and time in minutes per week and independent samples t-tests were performed. A qualitative evaluation was conducted to understand feasibility aspects, see how the strategy works and identify influencing factors and used document analyses and semi-structured interviews. Deductive coding was used to analyse the results. The time spent on low-value nursing care (mean, minutes per week per client) in seven teams for 210 clients in T1 compared to 222 clients in T0 reduced statistically significant. The difference between T0 and T1 equals 17.94%. The frequency of delivered low-value nursing care (mean per week) reduced but not statistically significant. From the transcripts of eight semi-structured interviews and documents, a list of 79 influencing factors were identified. Practical implementation tools, workplace coaching and sharing experiences within and between teams were considered as the most contributing elements. The results showed that for the seven home-healthcare teams in this study, the RENEW strategy (1) leads to a reduction in low-value care and (2) is-conditional upon minor modifications-acceptable, implementable, cost effective and scalable. Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies (StaRI) guidelines. No Patient or Public Contribution.

BS SO05 - A Comparative Study Between Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy with omentopexy Versus conventional Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background Sleeve Gastrectomy, is a widely used procedure globally. However, omentopexy is a newly added variation, which involves reattachment of the omental to the stomach. Currently, there is not enough data regarding this technique Method A prospective cohort study, was conducted from June 2021 to June 2023 in University Hospitals and other non-governmental hospitals, which included 174 for a one-year follow-up. Results Group (I) with omentopexy while Group (II) without omentopexy. Regarding intra-operative time, the mean time in minutes in the group (I) is 115.45 minutes with a standard deviation ±11.19. While in group (II) is 79.8 minutes with a standard deviation of ±13.3 (p=O.001). Regarding complications rate . leakage occurred in 1(1.14%) patient in group (I). While, in 3(3.4%) patients in group (II) (p=0.62). Bleeding was found in 1 (1.1%) patient in group(I) and 2(2.3%) patients in group (II) (p=1). GERD was found in 10(11.49%) patients in group(I) and 12(13.7%) patients in group (II) (p=0.82). Conclusion Although there was no significant superiority in the group of patients with omentopexy, less bleeding, leakage, and GERD were detected compared to the traditional group, so we recommend further studies comparing both groups to be able to do meta-analysis comparing both groups and we also should emphasize that further refinement of the learning curve is possible in the future to further reduce the operative time required to execute this essential technique.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of Fenton and photo-Fenton processes for degradation and mineralisation of the model pollutant caffeine

ABSTRACT This study investigates caffeine degradation and mineralisation using Fenton and photo-Fenton processes through a 2k Factorial Design. Key parameters varied include Fe2+ concentration (2 and 10 mg/L), H₂O₂ concentration (50 and 500 mg/L), light intensity (0 and 96 W), and reaction time (0 and 60 min) to optimise degradation. The experimental setup featured a 1 L glass contact column in a UV-controlled chamber with an initial caffeine concentration of 20 mg/L. Results revealed that Fenton was inefficient, achieving only 12% degradation and 9% mineralisation, with dimethylparabanic acid as the main by-product. Conversely, photo-Fenton attained 88% degradation and 40% mineralisation, demonstrating the significant influence of UV light. Energy consumption varied from 3.33 to 50 kWh.m−3. Optimal conditions identified were 10 mg/L Fe2+, 50 mg/L H₂O₂, 96 W UV intensity, and a 60-minute reaction time, highlighting the effectiveness of advanced photo-Fenton oxidation for caffeine treatment.

[Translated article] Medial tab-type fasciocutaneous flap as an alternative for the management of soft tissue defects of the leg

BackgroundSelecting the right technique for lower limb soft tissue reconstruction is a therapeutic challenge. Despite having several reconstruction options, it's important to choose a technique that is effective and with the least possible donor site morbidity. ObjectiveDemonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of the medial tab flap in soft tissue reconstruction on the leg, compared to conventional flaps. Materials and methodsCohort study matched by age. 64 patients with soft tissue defects were selected and according to the intervention divided in: group (1) medial tab flap, and group (2) conventional flaps (sural, soleus, gastrocnemius) followed up to one year postoperatively. Outcome variables: surgical time in minutes, healing, healing time in days, complications. ResultsThe patients who underwent surgery with medial tab flap and with conventional flaps healed completely. The healing time was 16.2±11.2 days in the tab flap and 16.1±11.2 days in conventional flaps, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups (p=.89).The surgical time for tab flaps was 225.2±117.8min, and 191.3±117.2min for the comparison flaps (p=.65), there were no statistically significant differences. There were no complications in the medial tab flaps. ConclusionThe findings suggest that the medial tab flap technique is as effective as the conventional flap technique, with complete flap survival and healing, and without any major complications in this studied group.

Road network disruptions during extreme flooding events and their impact on the access to emergency medical services: A spatiotemporal vulnerability analysis

The impact of extreme floods can be significant, affecting humans, the environment and any type of human-built infrastructure. A further consequence of flooding is restricted access to medical facilities, including constraints to access more dedicated emergency medical services (EMS). To date, there has been a lack of investigation into EMS accessibility dynamics during extreme floods. The objective of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the spatiotemporal changes in accessibility-based vulnerability related to EMS during a representative extreme flood event, which was simulated over a period of six days. The study assesses the spatial accessibility of EMS centres to populations located within 15-, 30-, 45-, and 60-minute travel time thresholds in Canton Bern, Switzerland, and applies floating catchment area method. The dynamic aspects of EMS access vulnerability during extreme floods were assessed in two different ways. Firstly, the ratios between accessibility change and accessibility under normal conditions in 1 km grid cells were calculated at hourly moments, t. Subsequently, the resulting values were used to calculate the average vulnerability score. Secondly, percentage changes of affected populations were evaluated for different accessibility classes during the flood event and under all-time high static flood conditions. Varied spatial patterns of accessibility were generally observed with respect to the road network and population distributions in the hilly and mountainous landscape. Extending evaluations to consider temporal dynamics revealed a complex pattern of accessibility gains and losses in different regions of the study area, including those where no direct flood impacts occurred on the road network. The application of a static, all-time high flood condition resulted in an overestimation of accessibility limits to EMS centres. While this overestimation was not considered to be critical, the application of a spatiotemporal accessibility-based vulnerability analysis method to EMS is considered to be more holistic. Insights from this study can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of EMS risk management plans with respect to evolving extreme flood scenarios.

First clinical implementation of a highly efficient daily online adapted proton therapy (DAPT) workflow

Objective.This study presents the first clinical implementation of an efficient online daily adaptive proton therapy workflow (DAPT).Approach.The DAPT workflow includes apre-treatment phase,where atemplateand afallback planare optimized on the planning computed tomography (CT). In theonline phase, theadapted planis re-optimized on daily images from an in-room CT. Daily structures are rigidly propagated from the planning CT. Automated Quality Assurance (QA) involves geometric, sanity checks and an independent dose calculation from the machine files. Differences from the template plan are analyzed field-by-field, and clinical plan is assessed by reviewing the achieved clinical goals using a traffic light protocol. If the daily adapted plan fails any QA or clinical goals, the fallback plan is used. In theoffline phasethe delivered dose is recalculated from log-files onto the daily CT, and a gamma analysis is performed (3%/3 mm). The DAPT workflow has been applied to selected adult patients treated in rigid anatomy for the last serie of the treatment between October 2023 and April 2024.Main Results.DAPT treatment sessions averaged around 23 min [range: 15-30 min] and did not exceed the typical 30 minute time slot. Treatment adaptation, including QA and clinical plan assessment, averaged just under 7 min [range: 3:30-16 min] per fraction. All plans passed the online QAs steps. In the offline phase a good agreement with the log-files reconstructed dose was achieved (minimum gamma pass rate of 97.5%). The online adapted plan was delivered for >85% of the fractions. In 92% of total fractions, adapted plans exhibited improved individual dose metrics to the targets and/or organs at risk.Significance.This study demonstrates the successful implementation of an online daily DAPT workflow. Notably, the duration of a DAPT session did not exceed the time slot typically allocated for non-DAPT treatment. As far as we are aware, this is a first clinical implementation of daily online adaptive proton therapy.

Three-dimensional localization and tracking of chromosomal loci throughout the Escherichia coli cell cycle.

The intracellular position of genes may impact their expression, but it has not been possible to accurately measure the 3D position of chromosomal loci. In 2D, loci can be tracked using arrays of DNA-binding sites for transcription factors (TFs) fused with fluorescent proteins. However, the same 2D data can result from different 3D trajectories. Here, we have developed a deep learning method for super-resolved astigmatism-based 3D localization of chromosomal loci in live E. coli cells which enables a precision better than 61 nm at a signal-to-background ratio of ~4 on a heterogeneous cell background. Determining the spatial localization of chromosomal loci, we find that some loci are at the periphery of the nucleoid for large parts of the cell cycle. Analyses of individual trajectories reveal that these loci are subdiffusive both longitudinally (x) and radially (r), but that individual loci explore the full radial width on a minute time scale.

Retrospective evaluation of functional results and cost analysis of two different anesthesia methods in carpal tunnel syndrome surgery

Objective: The provision of health services at a satisfactory level and low cost is the main objective of all health systems. For this purpose, we evaluated carpal tunnel surgery performed under local anesthesia in the local procedure room and under a laryngeal mask in the operating room in terms of cost analysis. In this way, we aimed to reveal the controllability of health service expenditures and inadequacies in costing. Methods: A total of 119 patients who underwent local anesthesia (LA) in the local procedure room (Group I) and 45 patients who underwent laryngeal mask anesthesia (LMA) in the operating room (Group II) were retrospectively evaluated. In the calculation of cost analysis, since there were no hospitalization procedures in Group I cases, total costs were calculated only in minutes, multiplied by a coefficient of 7. In Group II cases, total costs were calculated by multiplying total procedure times in minutes by a coefficient of 12 and adding 50 units of hospitalization cost. Results: Postoperative Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score is statistically similar in both groups (P=0.714). The operation duration has an average value of 15.39±2.37 in the group of patients who received local anesthesia and 29.71±4.78 in the group treated in the operating room (P&amp;lt;0.001). It has been found that the intervention performed in the operating room is 2.2 times more costly than the local intervention. Conclusion: Our study is extremely valuable in terms of demonstrating that health service expenditures can be controlled in appropriately selected patients.

Comparison of analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block with direct infiltration of local anesthetic into surgical incision in lower abdominal gynecological surgeries.

Objective: To compare the mean time for analgesic requirement of transversus abdominis plane block with direct infiltration of local anesthetic into surgical incision in lower abdominal gynecological surgeries. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Department of Anesthesia, Combined Military Hospital, Kharian. Period: 1st July 2022 to 1st January 2023. Methods: A total of 60 patients with 30 patients in each group undergoing elective c section were included in the study. Patients were counselled about VAS scoring system before procedure. Time (in minutes) for first rescue analgesia and requirement in 24 hours was noted. Results: Mean time required for first analgesia was 143.966±8.15 minutes in group A as compare to 86.400±7.08 minutes in group B (p=0.000). Conclusion: Our study has concluded that TAP block is a promising technique in alleviating postoperative pain in patients undergoing lower abdominal gynecological surgeries.

Analysis of Students Ability on Countable and Uncountable Nouns in Writing Descriptive Text of MTsN 13 Agam

This research was due to the problems that were found in MTsN 13 AGAM. The first some of students did not know how to differentiate the countable and uncountable nouns. The second, some of students felt reluctant to write in English. The third, some of students had limited vocabulary. Furthermore, this research is aimed to find out how was the student’s ability on countable and uncountable nouns in writing descriptive text of MTsN 13 Agam. The researcher used quantitative research. The population in this research was MTsN 13 Agam. There were four classes for the ninth grade students in MTsN 13 Agam. the total population was 105 students from class nine of MTSN 13 Agam. The researcher used cluster random sampling in choosing the sample. The total sample of this study was 24 students. The instrument that use for this research was written test. The researcher gave the students 45 minutes time, and the researcher ordered the students to write a descriptive text. In conclusion, this research has provided valuable insights into the students' ability in using countable and uncountable nouns in writing descriptive texts. The findings showed that the students have a relatively good proficiency in this aspect. Based on the data above, it can be concluded that the majority of the students have good to excellent ability in using countable nouns where 23 students can use at least 3 countable nouns in their writing and only one of them that cannot use any countable noun. However, the same cannot be said for uncountable nouns as there are more students who scored poorly in this area where the total of 13 students got the score between 0-40 which categorized as poor. This could be due to various reasons such as lack of exposure to English as a language, limited.

Light Echoes of Protoplanetary Disks

Light echoes offer a means of studying protoplanetary disks, including their geometry and composition, even when they are not spatially resolved. We present a test of this approach applied specifically to optically thick, geometrically flared disks around active stars. Here we adopt stellar parameters of an active M dwarf to calculate light echoes for disks and rings with radii that would produce time delays consistent with TESS short cadence (about 2 minutes) time bins. Our results show successful fits to disk parameters, highlighting the potential effectiveness of this method in the search for protoplanetary disks.

Analysis of the Effect of Delay Time and Type of Coolant Media with the Spray Method on the Back Surface of PV Panel

Sunlight can be harnessed as a clean and renewable energy source using solar cells and the photovoltaic process. However, relying on direct sunlight exposure can increase solar cell temperatures and negatively impact performance. This research aims to maintain cell efficiency by exploring the effectiveness of spraying coolant media on the bottom surface of panels through three timed intervals (10, 20, and 30 minutes) using three different media (A, B, and C). Each spray application lasts for 1 minute. Analyzing the test results with Minitab18 software with full factorial design will identify the most effective treatment for maintaining performance. Based on the results of the experimental test, coolant A with a 10-minute delay spraying time has a maximum power of 52.89 Watts, a temperature of 48oC, and an efficiency of 5.69%. Response Optimization using Design of Experiment (DOE) Full Factorial shows an optimal response with coolant A and a 10-minute delay spraying time with the lowest temperature at 49.3oC, maximum output power at 46.87 Watts, and efficiency at 5.61%. Moreover, Tukey Krammer test result provides an information about 10-minute delay spraying time has a better performance to reduce the PV panel temperature compared to 30-minute delay spraying time by 3.94 oC.

Intersection of Care: Navigating Patient-Hospital Relationships in Neurosurgery

This study explores the vital elements of patient satisfaction in hospital settings, with an emphasis on the aspects of service quality and patient-hospital interaction. It looks at how patients perceive several aspects of service quality, such as assurance, tangibility, empathy, responsiveness, and consistency. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 80 Neurosurgery in-patients at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), using convenience sampling. Data collection was done after obtaining consent from each patient. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, and patient satisfaction with the outpatient clinic experience. Data were entered and analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 25. A chi-square test was used to examine associations between outcome variables and factors related to patient satisfaction. The majority of the patients were males, 46 (57.5%). The mean age of the patients was 48.73 ± 18.428 years. The waiting time at the hospital also varies, with 77.5% of patients experiencing 0-hour wait time, and the mean waiting time being 38.44 minutes. A positive correlation was found between the following variables: travel time in minutes (χ2 = 0.012, p > 0.05) ; gender (χ2 = 0.037, p < 0.05) ; and the number of hospital visits per month (χ2 = 0.016, p > 0.05) and patient interaction in a health care setting. The study emphasizes the value of excellent patient-hospital interactions and the importance of communication, empathy, and trust-building in promoting these outcomes.

“Wait” to promote high sighting rates of wildlife in tourism: evidence from a wildlife disturbance experiment

ABSTRACT Ecotourism is often seen as beneficial for both people and nature, but unregulated wildlife tourism can harm wildlife. To improve management practices, we studied rabbit tourism involving Amami rabbits (Pentalagus furnessi) at a Natural World Heritage Site in Japan. The study aimed to determine the sighting rates of wildlife under different car schedules and density scenarios. Using wildlife disturbance experiments and model simulations, we estimated the recovery rate of rabbits after being disturbed by tourists. Our findings revealed that a 20-minute time lag between cars resulted in a 90% recovery rate for the rabbits. Additionally, a regular car schedule increased rabbit sighting rates by approximately 1.85 times compared to random schedules and 2.4 times compared to normal schedules under optimal conditions (maximum density and 50 cars). We also evaluated the profitability of tourism under different rabbit densities and money-back guarantee (MBG) rates. While introducing more cars increased profits, it decreased rabbit sighting rates and increased the likelihood of activating the MBG. In conclusion, our study showed that considering both animal behavior and human interests in developing a tourism management system can balance profitability and minimize the impact of overutilization.