Cold Storage Time Research Articles

Organic fungicides and diphenylamine shift microbiomes of ‘Fuji’ apples during storage

The native microbiome plays an important role in biocontrol efficacy, but less is known about how the microbiome responds to conventional and organic natural product fungicides. This study investigated the effects of the conventional fungicide fludioxonil and the organic fungicide natamycin, with and without the superficial scald inhibitor diphenylamine (DPA) on the microbiomes of ‘Fuji’ apples from 1 to 28 d of storage at 0.5 °C plus 7 d at 20 °C. We hypothesized that fungicide applications would shift the microbiome, with a more pronounced effect from natamycin due to the target specificity of fludioxonil. We also predicted that the antioxidant properties of DPA would shift both bacterial and fungal microbiomes. We found that natamycin resulted in modest fungal shifts and fludioxonil resulted in no observed shifts, while DPA strongly affected the fungal microbiome over time. Chemical treatment was not a predictor of bacterial microbiome variation, but bacterial communities shifted throughout storage. However, many of the trends that occurred during storage were reversed during the 7-d shelf life period at 20 °C after storage. Time in cold storage decreased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas, while DPA application reduced the relative abundance of Aureobasidium, both notable biocontrol genera. These results highlight how chemical applications such as DPA may have unintended effects on beneficial microbes that protect fruit from pathogen infection.

Low-cost multispectral sensor reveals cold chain breaks, meat type, and storage time in chicken meat samples

A portable and low-cost spectrometric system has been proposed to discriminate cold chain (frozen) interruption during the supply chain, as well as, the sample type among four different tested chicken meat and products (nugget, wing, thigh and drumstick) and the storage time elapsed after the cold chain break. To achieve this, an AS7265x sensor chipset was used and controlled by a custom programmed microcontroller through a Qwiic I2C interface. Communication between the user and the sensor setup was made using a custom programmed interface developed using the Python. Frozen chicken samples were thawed under various temperature-time combinations (4, 8, 16, and 24 h at 4 and 24 °C) and then refrozen at -18 °C. The refrozen samples were stored for up to 60 days. Spectral measurements (410–940 nm) were taken before thawing and at 1, 10, 30 and 60 days of storage after refreezing. The spectra obtained were analysed using Principal Component Analysis and outliers were eliminated using Mahalobobis distance. Several classification models (including Decision Tree, Random Forest, AdaBoost, Support Vector Machine, k-Nearest Neighbors, Gaussian-Naïve Bayes, Multilayer Perceptron, Gaussian Process, Linear and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis) were trained where appropriate. The top models with the highest predictive ability were selected and merged to build Soft Voting Classifiers (SVC) for each feature to be predicted. The SVC models correctly classified the samples with 93%, 92% and 83% accuracy for cold chain interruption, chicken meat/product type and storage time after thaw-refreeze cycle, respectively. In addition, a graphical interface was also developed so that it can be used by end users for food safety concerns. The results showed the potential of the developed low-cost sensor to rapidly detect the potential food safety risks due to cold chain breakage and to trace back the problem by predicting the storage time after refreezing.

Cold Storage and Release Characteristics of Phase Change Cold Storage Plate with Non-Uniform Fins

Ice plates, widely used in food cold chain refrigeration transportation, involve challenges such as long cold storage time and low efficiency in use. This study establishes a mathematical model for ice plate cold storage and release. It analyzes the influence of fin setting position, distribution, and size on the cold storage and release characteristics of non-uniform fins having diverse sizes and spacing on the inner and outer surfaces of the ice plate. Results show that compared to finless ice plates, plates with inner or outer fins can reduce the cold storage and release time, accelerate the charging and discharging efficiency of the cold storage equipment, and potentially save time. Cold storage and release time savings of up to 17.5% and 19.6%, respectively, were attained using outer fins. Driven by natural convection inside the finned ice plate, cold storage proceeds from top to bottom, while cold release proceeds from bottom to top. For inner fins, the distribution has a higher impact on the cold storage and release speed than the size. For outer fins, both the distribution and size equally affect the cold storage and release speed. The smaller the reference spacing between the outer fins, the faster the cooling storage, but the slower the cold release. The larger the reference area, the faster the cooling storage, but the slower the cold release. Thus, when designing ice plate products, the distribution and the size of fins should be selected based on prior consideration of storage or release speed. This study provides a theoretical basis and design guidance for the design of ice plate products, especially for refrigerated transportation applications.

Elevated Lipid Metabolites in Stored Clinical OCA Media Correlate With Chondrocyte Death

Background: A major limitation of osteochondral allografts (OCA) is the deterioration of cartilage health associated with cell death during prolonged storage. However, little is known about the mechanisms that contribute to chondrocyte death during storage. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study aimed to determine whether bioactive lipid metabolites accumulate in the storage media of OCA and whether they are associated with a loss of chondrocyte viability during prolonged storage. It was hypothesized that free fatty acids (FFAs) would accumulate over time in the storage media of OCA and adversely affect cartilage health during storage. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A group of 21 (n = 6-8 OCA/treatment group) fresh human hemicondylar OCA tissues and media were analyzed after 7, 28, and 68 days of prolonged cold (4°C) storage. Targeted mass spectrometry analysis was used to quantify bioactive FFAs, as well as primary (lipid hydroperoxide [ROOH]) and secondary (malondialdehyde) lipid oxidation products. Chondrocyte viability was measured using a fluorescence-based live/dead assay and confocal microscopy. Results: The concentration of all targeted fatty acid metabolites in storage media was significantly increased with increased cold storage time (P < .05). ROOH was significantly higher on day 28 of cold storage. No difference in secondary ROOH products in storage media was observed. Chondrocyte viability significantly declined in both the en face and the vertical cross-sectional analysis with increased cold storage time and inversely correlated with fatty acid metabolites (P < .05). Conclusion: It is well established that elevated levels of certain FFAs and lipid oxidation products can alter cell function and cause cell death via lipotoxicity and other mechanisms. This work is the first to identify elevated levels of FFA metabolites and primary oxidation lipid products in the storage media from clinical OCA. The concentrations of FFA metabolites were measured at levels (>100 µM) known to induce cell death and were directly correlated with chondrocyte viability. Clinical Relevance: These findings provide important targets for understanding why cartilage health declines during cold storage, which can be used to optimize media formulations and improve graft health.

Transcriptome analysis reveals the effect of cold storage time on the expression of genes related to oxidative metabolism in Chinese black truffle.

Chinese black truffle (Tuber indicum) is a hypogenous fungus of great value due to its distinctive aroma. In this study, both transcriptome and physicochemical analyses were performed to investigate the changes of nutrients and gene expression in truffle fruiting bodies during cold storage. The results of physicochemical analysis revealed the active metabolism of fruiting bodies in cold storage, showing the decreased contents of protein and soluble sugar, the variations in both polyphenol oxidase activity and total phenol content, and the detrimental effect of reactive oxygen species production caused by heavy metals (cadmium and lead) in truffles. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 139,489 unigenes. Down-regulated expression of genes encoding the catalase-like domain-containing protein (katE), glutaredoxin protein (GRX), a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Sod_Cu), and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) affected the degradation metabolism of intracellular oxides. Ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase (RPE) was a key enzyme in response to oxidative stress in truffle cells through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). A total of 51,612 simple sequence repeats were identified, providing valuable resources for further genetic diversity analysis, molecular breeding, and genetic map-ping in T. indicum. Transcription factors GAL4 and SUF4-like protein were involved in glucose metabolism and histone methylation processes, respectively. Our study provided a fundamental characterization of the physicochemical and molecular variations in T. indicum during the cold storage at 4°C, providing strong experimental evidence to support the improvement of storage quality of T. indicum.

Assessment of an AI-based tool for population-wide collection of placental morphological data

ObjectivesAutomated placental assessment could allow accurate and timely morphological/pathological measurements at scale. We undertook a pilot study using an artificial intelligence-based assessment system (AI-PLAX) to ascertain the potential of a state-wide rollout as part of Generation Victoria, assessing the impact of time post-delivery, user, and technology used for image capture, on a range of derived placental data. Study designTen placentas were imaged by three different users and imaging technologies (iPad, iPhone, Samsung) at (0 h), 24 h, and 48 h post-delivery. Using AI-PLAX, disc size (short and long length, perimeter, area), shape (normal, abnormal), cord insertion type (central, eccentric), cord coiling, abruption (retroplacental hematoma), and meconium staining were determined. ResultsWhen analysing the maternal surface of the placenta, time in cold storage post-delivery had modest effects on placental dimensions, with decreases in the short length (24–48 h: −3.7 %), disc area (0–24 h: 4.7 % and 0–48 h: −7.4 %), and perimeter (0–48 h: −3.8 %) observed. There was marginal impact on placental dimensions when the placenta was imaged by different users, including long length (+1.9 %), disc area (+2.9 %), and perimeter (+2.0 %). Measures of placental size were not impacted by the type of technology used to capture the images. When analysing the fetal surface of the placenta, more variance in placental size measures were observed between users. Abruption detection was not affected by any parameter. Time between delivery and imaging impacted apparent meconium staining – likely reflecting changes in fetal surface colour over time. Meconium staining was not affected by technology or user. ConclusionsThis study supports the feasibility of the collection of placenta images for later morphological analysis by AI-PLAX, with measures obtained minimally influenced by time in cold storage, user imaging the placenta, or technology to capture the images.

Changes in meat quality, metabolites and microorganisms of mutton during cold chain storage

During the cold chain storage process, changes in metabolites and microorganisms are highly likely to lead to changes in meat quality. To elucidate the changes in the composition of metabolites and microbiota during cold chain storage of mutton, this study utilized untargeted metabolome and 5R 16S rRNA sequencing analyses to investigate the changes in the longissimus dorsi under different cold chain temperatures (4 °C and −20 °C). With the extension of cold chain storage time, the meat color darkened and the content of C18:2n-6, C20:3n-6, and C23:0 were significantly increased in mutton. In this study, nine metabolites, including 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, alanylphenylala-nine, indole-3-acrylic acid and the others, were significantly altered during cold chain storage. The abundance of the dominant microorganisms, including Brachymonas, Aeromonas, Corynebacterium and Steroidobacter, was significantly altered. Furthermore, a high correlation was observed between the different metabolites and microorganisms. These findings provide an in-depth understanding of the effects of different cold chain storage temperatures and times on the quality of mutton.

Long-term cold storage of platelets for transfusion based on zwitterionic magnetic microgels

Hypothermic preservation of platelets at 22 °C with an agitation process realizes their rapid transfusion to treat hemorrhage and thrombocytopenia in the clinic. However, platelets suffer from activation, aggregation, and bacterial contamination during storage, resulting in a limited shelf life of 5 days. Cold storage in a refrigerator can effectively prevent bacterial growth, but this condition is challenging to preserve platelets, owing to cold-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction or platelet desialylation. Here, we design a zwitterionic magnetic microgel assembly to preserve platelets for a long time without agitation at 4 °C. The microgel assembly can scavenge cold-induced ROS and provide a super-hydrophilic 3D environment to isolate platelets, preventing platelet activation, aggregation, and desialylation. Moreover, the antifouling property of microgel assembly at 4 °C can ensure the anti-bacterial environment for platelets. As a result, the cold storage time of platelets significantly extended to 7 days. This work serves as a springboard for the development of platelet-based clinical applications.

O225: Oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion (HMPO2) of the pancreas; a porcine circulatory death model to compare a ‘continuous’ and an ‘end-ischaemic’ approach

Abstract Pancreas and islet cell transplantation are used in the treatment of patients with diabetes complications. During static cold storage (SCS) ATP is depleted, and by-products of anaerobic respiration accumulate. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) affects quantity and viability of islets and it is characterised by acinar necrosis, oedema, and endothelial disruption (graft pancreatitis). The introduction of HMPO2 in liver &amp; kidney preservation has demonstrated a significant reduction in the consequences of IRI. Pancreas HMPO2 was shown to be feasible in pre-clinical studies. We aimed to compare a ‘continuous’ to an ‘end-ischaemic’ approach of HMPO2 in pancreases using a porcine circulatory death model. Porcine pancreases were either started on HMPO2 for the totality of the cold storage time (‘Continuous’ group, n=6) or for the last two hours of the cold storage time (‘End’ group, n=6). All pancreases then underwent normothermic reperfusion (NR) to mimic transplantation. Glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was measured using Mercodia human insulin ELISA (n=3 in each group). Both groups had no significant change of wet-to-dry ratio during the experiment, despite an increase in gross weight. Flows were higher during NR in the Continuous group. Amylase, Lipase and LDH increased throughout the study for all pancreases and showed no statistically significant difference between both groups. The Continuous group had a significantly greater insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulation and followed a biphasic pattern. Continuous HMPO2 preserved islet function and was a superior mode of preservation, showing no statistically significant difference in oedema or markers of damage, with improved perfusion parameters.

Effect of temperature, 1-methylcyclopropene, and modified atmosphere packaging on the post-harvest behavior of lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam)

Lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam) is a tropical fruit with high market potential but short shelf life. In this work, the effect of temperature, the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), and the use of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) were evaluated on the preservation of fresh lulo fruits. Three independent experiments were made sequentially: in the first one, an adequate refrigeration temperature was established (between 5 and 18 °C), then in the second experiment, a suitable dose and application time of 1-MCP (0.35–1.0 μL L−1 and 10–15 min) were found and finally, the combined effect of refrigeration, 1-MCP, and MAP were determined in the last experiment. In the experiments with 1-MCP and MAP, some fruits were stored at refrigeration (5 °C) and then at room temperature (23 °C) while others were kept at room temperature the whole test. Different properties such as respiration, ethylene production, color index, and gas level were evaluated in the samples to determine post-harvest changes. Given the fruit behavior during cold storage, 5 °C proved to be more favorable for preservation. Likewise, samples treated with 0.70 μL L−1 1-MCP + 15 min immersion showed lower CO2 and ethylene production throughout cold storage and shelf time compared with other 1-MCP treatments. For the tests with MAP, the combined treatment with 1-MCP and at 5 °C resulted in a lower respiratory rate, ethylene production, and physicochemical changes during the evaluation (24 days of cold storage + 16 days of shelf time). The results obtained can contribute to increasing the possibilities of lulo commercialization and marketing.

NADPH oxidase overexpression and mitochondrial OxPhos impairment are more profound in human hearts donated after circulatory death than brain death.

This study investigated cardiac stress and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) in human donation after circulatory death (DCD) hearts regarding warm ischemic time (WIT) and subsequent cold storage and compared them with that of human brain death donor (DBD) hearts. A total of 24 human hearts were procured for the research study-6 in the DBD group and 18 in the DCD group. DCD group was divided into three groups (n = 6) based on different WITs (20, 40, and 60 min). All hearts received del Nido cardioplegia before being placed in normal saline cold storage for 6 h. Left ventricular biopsies were performed at hours 0, 2, 4, and 6. Cardiac stress [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits: 47-kDa protein of phagocyte oxidase (p47phox), 91-kDa glycoprotein of phagocyte oxidase (gp91phox)] and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation [OxPhos, complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) subunit of ETC (CI)-complex V (ATP synthase) subunit of ETC (CV)] proteins were measured in cardiac tissue and mitochondria respectively. Modulation of cardiac stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were observed in both DCD and DBD hearts. However, DCD hearts suffered more cardiac stress (overexpressed NADPH oxidase subunits) and diminished mitochondrial OxPhos than DBD hearts. The severity of cardiac stress and impaired oxidative phosphorylation in DCD hearts correlated with the longer WIT and subsequent cold storage time. More drastic changes were evident in DCD hearts with a WIT of 60 min or more. Activation of NADPH oxidase via overproduction of p47phox and gp91phox proteins in cardiac tissue may be responsible for cardiac stress leading to diminished mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. These protein changes can be used as biomarkers for myocardium damage and might help assess DCD and DBD heart transplant suitability.NEW & NOTEWORTHY First human DCD heart research studied cardiac stress and mitochondrial dysfunction concerning WIT and the efficacy of del Nido cardioplegia as an organ procurement solution and subsequent cold storage. Mild to moderate cardiac stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were noticed in DCD hearts with WIT 20 and 40 min and cold storage for 4 and 2 h, respectively. These changes can serve as biomarkers, allowing interventions to preserve mitochondria and extend WIT in DCD hearts.

Effects of Potassium Bicarbonate on Gel, Antioxidant and Water Distribution of Reduced-Phosphate Silver Carp Surimi Batter under Cold Storage.

The changes in storage loss, water distribution status, gel characteristics, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), total volatile basic nitrogen, and total plate count of cooked reduced-phosphate silver carp surimi batter during cold storage at 4 °C were investigated. The storage loss, content of free water, pH, hardness, TBARSs, total volatile basic nitrogen value, and total plate count of all cooked silver carp surimi batters significantly increased (p < 0.05) with an increase in cold storage time. Meanwhile, the content of immobilized water, whiteness, springiness, and cohesiveness significantly decreased (p < 0.05). At the same cold storage time, the sample of cooked reduced-phosphate silver carp surimi batter had lower water mobility, darker color, and better texture characteristics than the cooked silver carp surimi batter without potassium bicarbonate; however, the values of TBARSs, total volatile basic nitrogen, and total plate count were not significantly different (p > 0.05). This meant that there was no difference between potassium bicarbonate and sodium tripolyphosphate in antioxidant and antibacterial activity during the cold storage of silver carp surimi batter. To summarize, the use of potassium bicarbonate instead of sodium tripolyphosphate could produce cooked reduced-phosphate silver carp surimi batter with better water-holding capacity and gel characteristics during cold storage.

Myocardial edema, inflammation, and injury in human heart donated after circulatory death are sensitive to warm ischemia and subsequent cold storage

BackgroundSingle-dose del Nido solution was recently used in human donation after circulatory death (DCD) heart procurement. We compared the effect of del Nido cardioplegia on myocardial edema, inflammatory response, and injury in human DCD hearts and human donation after brain death (DBD) hearts with different warm ischemic times (WIT) and subsequent cold saline storage times (CST). MethodsA total of 24 human hearts, including 6 in the DBD group and 18 in the DCD group—were procured for the research study. The DCD group was divided into 3 subgroups based on WIT: 20, 40, and ≥60 minutes. All hearts received 1 L of del Nido cardioplegia before being placed in cold saline for 6 hours. Left ventricular biopsies were performed at 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours. Temporal changes in myocardial edema, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), and histopathology injury scores were compared between the DBD and DCD groups. ResultsDCD hearts showed more profound changes in myocardial edema, inflammation, and injury than DBD hearts at baseline and subsequent CST. The DCD heart with WIT of 20 and 40 minutes with CST of 4 and 2 hours, respectively, appeared to have limited myocardial edema, inflammation, and injury. DCD hearts with WIT ≥60 minutes showed severe myocardial edema, inflammation, and injury at baseline and subsequent CST. ConclusionsSingle-dose cold del Nido cardioplegia and subsequent cold normal saline storage can preserve both DCD and DBD hearts. DCD hearts have been shown to be able to tolerate a WIT of 20 minutes and subsequent CST of 4 hours without experiencing significant myocardial edema, inflammation, and injury.

Physicochemical Quality Retention during Cold Storage of Prepackaged Barramundi Meat Processed with a New Microwave-Assisted Induction Heating Technology.

Microwave-assisted induction heating (MAIH) is a composite microwave and induction heating to supply rapid and uniform heating of food. A recent study showed that the optimum MAIH heating condition for barramundi meat was 90 °C/110 s or 70 °C/130 s. This study examines whether the microwave-assisted induction heating (MAIH) technology (at 70 °C for 130 s or 90 °C for 110 s) can more effectively slow down the quality loss of barramundi meat during cold storage than the traditional boiling method (at 90 °C for 150 s). The results show that no microbial growth was observed in the three groups of heated barramundi meat samples during the 60 days of cold storage. However, the MAIH technology slowed down the increase in the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) content more significantly than the boiling method. As the cold storage time increased, though, the L* (lightness), a* (redness), and W (whiteness) values decreased, while the b* (yellowness) and color difference (ΔE) values increased in the three treatment groups. However, the MAIH technology slowed down the decrease in the L*, a*, and W values more significantly, and produced a ΔE value smaller than the boiling method. Moreover, the MAIH technology ensured higher hardness and chewiness of the barramundi meat than the boiling method. Overall, the MAIH technology slowed down the quality loss of the barramundi meat and maintained better color and texture during cold storage.

The Enigma of Heart-kidney Transplantation.

The Enigma of Heart-kidney Transplantation.

Energy storage potential analysis of phase change material (PCM) energy storage units based on tunnel lining ground heat exchangers

Low geo-temperature geothermal energy in the surrounding rock can be extracted by tunnel lining ground heat exchangers (GHEs) and stored in phase change material (PCM) plates to realize the cold energy utilization. However, the research of the coupling heat transfer of tunnel lining GHEs and PCM plates has been rarely reported. In this study, a 3D coupling heat transfer model of tunnel lining GHEs and PCM plates was developed to investigate the cold energy storage performances of PCM plates under different PCM and tunnel parameters. The circulative iteration calculation is used to solve the coupling model. The results show that the cold energy storage of PCM plates utilizing tunnel lining GHEs for energy storage is feasible. The PCM melt fraction and solid phase PCM proportion within the PCM plates decrease and increase respectively with an increase in the PCM thermal conductivity and melting temperature and a reduction in the surrounding rock temperature. The cold energy storage efficiencies of PCM plates improve by 77.8% and 34.1% as the PCM thermal conductivity and melting temperature increase by 1 W/(m K) and 4 ℃. Moreover, the cold energy storage efficiency of PCM plate enhances by 68.5% as the surrounding rock temperature reduces from 10 to 1 ℃. A larger difference between the surrounding rock temperature and PCM melting temperature is efficient for the cold energy storage of PCM plates, and the cold energy storage time and temperature difference show a power function relationship. Finally, increasing the tunnel lining GHEs length is conducive to enhancing the cold energy storage efficiency of PCM plates, whereas this enhancement is limited. In actual applications, selecting a reasonable tunnel lining GHEs length is necessary.

Preparation and stability analysis of glycine water-based phase change materials modified with potassium sorbate for cold chain logistics

Organic water-based phase change material (PCM) shows great potential for cold chain logistics below 0 °C. However, its poor stability limits its application. The purpose of this study is to develop an organic water-based PCM with high latent heat and melting temperature of −4 °C to −6 °C based on solving the problem of poor stability. Glycine and mannitol aqueous solution were selected as the base PCM, and the static stability was improved effectively with 0.1 wt% potassium sorbate modification. The prepared 6-PCM5 composed of 6 wt% glycine, 1.5 wt% mannitol, and 0.1 wt% potassium sorbate, demonstrated moderate thermal conductivity of 0.6017 W/(m·K) and a suitable melting temperature of −5.78 °C as well as an enthalpy of fusion of 292.64 J/g. After 100 thermal cycles, the melting temperature, enthalpy of fusion, and thermal conductivity were −5.91 °C, 290.66 J/g, and 0.5886 W/(m·K), which decreased only by 2.24%, 0.68%, and 2.18%, respectively. Furthermore, the cold storage performances of 6-PCM5 and ice were compared and evaluated by loading strawberries. Compared with ice storage, the pre-cooling time and average temperature of strawberries in the cold storage box with 6-PCM5 was reduced by 68.4% and 2.55 °C, and the effective cold storage time was lasted for 22.83 h at a temperature range of 0.45 °C to 3 °C, which effectively improved the cold storage quality of strawberries. Overall, the developed 6-PCM5 cold storage material possesses good static and cyclic stability, providing an effective solution for pre-cooling and short-distance cold chain transportation of perishable food.

Where to Draw the Line in Ex-Situ Split Liver Transplantation for Adult Recipients? – A Benchmarking Analysis

Abstract Background A comprehensive outcome analysis of ex situ right split liver graft transplantation (RSLT) is currently lacking. Aims Benchmarking outcomes of RSLT against best achievable results from whole LT offers a novel comparative approach. Methods This retrospective study includes all consecutive ex-situ RSLT for adult recipients performed from 2014-2019 at 4 high volume transplant centers (&amp;gt;70 LT/year). Outcomes including overall morbidity expressed by the comprehensive complication index (CCI) and graft related complications were compared to the published benchmark cutoffs for whole graft LT. Results We included 129 ex-situ RSLT with 76% H45678 (n=98) and 24% (n=31) H5678 grafts. The median follow-up was 4.8 years. Overall and severe 1-year morbidity expressed by the CCI were within established whole graft LT benchmarks. Biliary complication rates were slightly higher than the benchmark due to the occurrence of cut-surface leaks. The arterial thrombosis rate was outside the benchmark cutoff (7% vs ≤4.4%) leading to a higher retransplantation rate. However, overall 1-year graft and recipient mortality were well within the benchmark cutoffs, resulting in a 5-year overall recipient survival of 88.5%. Selecting benchmark cases for RSLT defined by low-risk recipient-donor criteria including static cold storage time ≤10h and recipient MELD≤20 points, did not significantly reduce overall morbidity nor arterial complication rate. In contrast, the type of split graft (H45678 vs.H5678) did impact on both arterial and biliary complications. Conclusions This large multicenter series of ex-situ right split grafts disclosed an overall 1-year morbi-mortality comparable to the best achievable results in whole graft LT. The results show that the main morbidity burden in adult RSLT is related to technical criteria rather than graft-recipient matching.

Effects of cold storage time on the quality and active probiotics of yogurt fermented by Bifidobacterium lactis and commercial bacteria Danisco.

In this study, the commercial bacteria Danisco and Bifidobacterium lactis were used to ferment soy yogurt, and then the quality of yogurt and the number of active probiotics in yogurt during storage were investigated. The results showed that the total number of viable bacteria in soy yogurt increased first and then decreased, but all of them met the standard for the number of viable bacteria in probiotic foods. The content of protein, lipid, and total sugar in soy yogurt decreased gradually with the extension of storage time. The texture, water holding capacity, and rheological properties of soy yogurt were improved within 0-10 days, and there was no significant change after 15 days. However, brightness and whiteness of yogurt were significantly reduced. Based on realizing the reuse of soy whey, this study provided a theoretical basis for the research of the shelf life of soy yogurt. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study developed a soy yogurt with good quality and provided a theoretical basis for the study of the shelf life of soy yogurt. In addition, some technical support was provided for the reuse of soy whey.

Risk Analysis of Supply Chain Food Loss on Fishery Products Using Failure Mode Effect and Supply Chain Operation Reference Model

One of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) currently rife is Global Food Loss and Waste. This Food Loss and Food Waste (FLFW) harms the environmental and economic sectors. FLFW occurs a lot in the food supply chain, especially in the fishery product. There are potential risks in each process for each stakeholder. So this study tries to prioritize FLFW reduction actions by using the integration of risk measurement and the supply chain operation reference model (SCOR). Risk management is carried out to identify and prioritize FLFW risks. The actor analysis identify the characteristic of the actors such as their needs, problems, and characters. Data selection used the purposive technique. The data were collected by investigators through depth interviews. The result of this method is a risk analysis metric to find out the critical risks. It was expected to be considerations to develop policy recommendations in reducing the level of FLFW in the fishery supply chain using SCOR and risk analysis (FMEA). We found that the highest risk for fishers is Poor quality of cold storage after fishing (R3); the highest risks for collectors are Poor quality of cold storage (R5) and Long storage time (R7); The highest risk for The tuna processing company is Unclean cold storage (R16).