Time For New Products Research Articles

ORDerly: Data Sets and Benchmarks for Chemical Reaction Data.

Machine learning has the potential to provide tremendous value to life sciences by providing models that aid in the discovery of new molecules and reduce the time for new products to come to market. Chemical reactions play a significant role in these fields, but there is a lack of high-quality open-source chemical reaction data sets for training machine learning models. Herein, we present ORDerly, an open-source Python package for the customizable and reproducible preparation of reaction data stored in accordance with the increasingly popular Open Reaction Database (ORD) schema. We use ORDerly to clean United States patent data stored in ORD and generate data sets for forward prediction, retrosynthesis, as well as the first benchmark for reaction condition prediction. We train neural networks on data sets generated with ORDerly for condition prediction and show that data sets missing key cleaning steps can lead to silently overinflated performance metrics. Additionally, we train transformers for forward and retrosynthesis prediction and demonstrate how non-patent data can be used to evaluate model generalization. By providing a customizable open-source solution for cleaning and preparing large chemical reaction data, ORDerly is poised to push forward the boundaries of machine learning applications in chemistry.

The double-edged sword effect of awe of nature on consumers’ new product choice

PurposeIn daily marketing practices, when launching and promoting new products, marketers often induce consumers’ awe of nature via exposing consumers to beautiful natural scenes. Does this marketing practice really facilitate consumers’ subsequent new product choice? Existing awe research and new product research have not examined this issue yet. The purpose of this study is to study whether the marketing practice of awe induction faciliates consumers' new product choice.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines the double-edged sword effect of different types of awe on consumers’ adoption of new products. The authors conducted five experiments using various product categories (soft drinks, juices, cookies and watches), various many sources of sample types (college student samples and adult samples) and various manipulation of awe. The authors also focused on both new products with incongruent visual appearance (Experiment 1a, Experiment 1c, Experiment 2 and Experiment 3) and new products with incongruent conceptual attributes (Experiment 1b) to enhance the rigor of the experiments and the generalizability of the conclusions.FindingsThe authors find that when consumers perceive awe of threatening natural phenomena, they decrease their choice of moderately incongruent new products (positive effect), while when consumers perceive awe of beautiful natural phenomena, they increase their choice of moderately incongruent new products (negative effect). Also, this paper finds that the emergence of the positive of the double-edged sword effect is driven by the sequential mediation of the need for accommodation and openness to new experiences, while the emergence of the negative of the double-edged sword effect is driven by the uncertainty reduction motive.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has important theoretical implications. First, this paper advances existing awe research by reconciling the inconsistent findings in existing awe research by categorizing awe of nature. Second, this paper advances existing research on new products and moderate incongruity effects by exploring when the moderate incongruity effect exists and when it reverses in the new products field through the classification of awe of nature.Practical implicationsThis study has rich implications for marketing management. First, marketers can facilitate consumers’ adoption of moderate incongruent new product via priming consumers’ awe of beautiful nature. Second, this paper suggests that marketers and brand managers should carefully choose the timing of new product launches to avoid inducing consumer awe of threatening nature (e.g. immediately after a severe natural disaster). Finally, the results of Experiment 3 in this paper suggest that when marketers want to launch new products with moderate incongruity, they need to target consumers with high cognitive flexibility.Social implicationsThis paper discusses how different types of awe affect consumers’ attitudes and choice of moderately new products. This research question has its social value in helping marketers, companies, consumers and society know the power of awe of nature on the behaviors and decision-making.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is among the first ones to examine the double-edged sword effect of different types of awe of nature on consumers’ new product adoption.

Дослідження динамічних навантажень рами фронтального навантажувача з використанням комп’ютерних 3D моделей у середовищі Siemens NX

When designing new construction and road machines, a variety of CAD and CAE computer programs are used. The designer has the ability to set certain strength properties of the future structure using finite element calculations, and after the first prototype is made, the moment comes when it needs to be tested for loads applied during technological operations to confirm the preliminary strength calculations. The goal of this work is to compare the test results of 3D models of two load-bearing systems of the T-156B loader, one of which is the original and the other a fivefold reduced copy. The result of the comparison is a reduction factor, the calculation of which will allow us to determine how and how many times the load is reduced when scaling 3D models. Previous work on this topic was done in the Ansys calculation complex, but the long process of calculating the task, importing, and complex process of configuring the model forced us to switch to a faster Siemens NX software complex. This software package has a clear and simple interface while performing calculation tasks much faster than Ansys. In this work, similarity coefficients were calculated for two more common cases of forklift operations: moving a full bucket over an uneven surface and colliding with an obstacle while filling the bucket. Thus, knowing these coefficients, it can be assumed that when modeling a new load-bearing system, by making a reduced copy of it in the appropriate scale and testing it for loading by means of computer modeling, or by conducting field tests, it is possible to calculate what loads will affect the model with natural dimensions. The article proposes a new solution for analyzing the strength of load-bearing systems at the design stage using the theory of similarity. This method makes it possible not to create a full-size model of a new load-bearing system (frame) in metal for testing. In accordance with the proposed method, it is enough to make a scaled simplified model of the future load-bearing system (frame), conduct strength tests and, in accordance with the similarity coefficient, calculate what loads will affect the full-size load-bearing system. This method can significantly reduce the cost of materials, production, and manufacturing time for new products.

Water-Sintered Transient Nanocomposites Used as Electrical Interconnects for Dissolvable Consumer Electronics.

Rapid development of electronic technology shortens the development time for new products and accelerates the obsolescence of consumer electronics, resulting in the explosive growth of electronic waste that is difficult to recycle and hazardous to the environment and human health. Transient electronics that can dissolve in water may potentially be adopted to tackle the issues of electronic waste; however, promising approaches to yield large-scale and high-performance transient consumer electronics have not yet been developed. Here, the joint effect of galvanic corrosion and redeposition has been utilized to develop bimetallic transient nanocomposites, which can be printed and water-sintered to yield high-performance transient PCB circuits with excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness. The entire sintering process requires no external energy and strict environmental conditions. The achieved PCB circuits offer a conductivity of 307,664.4 S/m that is among the highest in comparison with other printed transient circuits. The supreme performance of the transient circuits eventually leads to the first dissolvable smartwatch that offers the same functions and similar performance as conventional smartwatches and dissolves in water within 40 h. The joint effect of galvanic corrosion and redeposition between two metals with distinct activities leads to novel nanocomposites and processing techniques of transient electronics. The resulting high-performance transient devices may reshape the appearance of consumer electronics and reform the electronics recycling industry by reducing recycling costs and minimizing environmental pollution and health hazard.

A methodology for damping measurement of engineering materials: application to a structure under bending and torsion loading

A new method to calculate damping properties of rigid materials to be used in Finite Elements calculations is presented. Its relevance relies in its simplicity regarding the amount of materials data, mathematical treatment and experimental equipment needed. Its application allows more realistic calculation of mechanical parts and structures under dynamic loading. In most of those calculations very unreal assumptions are done when simulating with Finite Elements software to assure stability of the solution. The main reason for that situation is the lack of information of damping properties of materials in databases and the complexity of the reported methodology to calculate or measure them. Another reason is the common development time for new products in industry encouraging engineers to quickly evaluate mechanical performance of the product. Recommendations to select initial parameters are presented. Critical parameters to achieve good mathematical fits of the experimental data are identified. Theoretical treatment, fitting algorithm and experimental procedure are described and proved. Several materials: plastics and ferrous and nonferrous metals are studied to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. Finally, the method is proved in a complex hyperstatic three-dimensional structure under dynamic loading; including working under resonance conditions. Results obtained prove the validity of the method and its application to real world situations.

Flexible grasping of electronic consumer goods

Automated packaging is becoming more and more interesting for production sites. However, in many companies, the packaging process can only handle a limited amount of products. Most of the time for new products, the packaging system needs to be modified. One of the main components in an automated packaging process is the grasping of the objects that need to be packed. For different products, mostly a different gripping system is required. In this paper, solutions from a research project are presented which enables the flexible grasping of different products. These solutions include flexible pose recognition for different objects, path planning for the recognized objects and finally, a prototypical design for a flexible gripper, which enables handling of various objects of different weight and size.

Technology Focus: Nanotechnology (February 2014)

Technology Focus Nanotechnology has enormous potential in the oil industry, with numerous applications currently under investigation. These include, for example, improvements in material design for enhanced resistance to corrosion or erosion, improved and enhanced oil recovery, improved understanding of reservoirs through use of nanosensors, nanocoatings that prevent the adherence of deposits, and use of nanotechnology in drilling and completion fluids along with production chemicals. The key word with regard to nanotechnology applications in the oil industry is “potential.” Realizing that potential is another matter. A survey of SPE papers published in 2013 describing nanotechnology applications that have been implemented in the field showed only two. There are, of course, numerous explanations for the apparent lack of papers describing field experiences, with the most obvious being that we are in an early-phase technology development and it will take time for new products to emerge in the marketplace. Our industry can be cautious when it comes to new technology, and this resistance to change could be another factor here. A further influence is the potentially unknown consequences of introducing nanotechnology into the environment. For example, much research is focused on the environmental effect of releasing nanoparticles and the potential health risk through inhalation along with the potentially damaging consequences of these particles entering the food chain. It will take time to work through these issues before nanotechnology can be described as mainstream. Where does the future lie for nanotechnology in the oil industry? It is too early to say, with too many unanswered questions remaining. Nevertheless, given the effect that nanotechnology has had in other disciplines (for example, medicine), it would be surprising if nanotechnology had little effect on the oil industry. The papers selected this year include two examples presenting field implementation of nanotechnology. Let’s hope that, in the future, many more papers of this type will appear in the SPE literature. JPT Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. OMC 2013-105 Nanotechnology Applications in Drilling Fluids by Katherine Price Hoelscher, M-I Swaco, et al. SPE 164461 Illuminating the Reservoir: Magnetic Nanomappers by Abdullah A. Al-Shehri, Saudi Aramco, et al. SPE 166140 Crosswell Magnetic Sensing of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Subsurface Applications by Amir Reza Rahmani, The University of Texas at Austin, et al.

THE DYNAMIC PRICE-QUALITY DECISION MODEL FOR TWO SUCCESSIVE GENERATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION

As most of the high-technology companies are trying to be more demand driven, technological innovation and diffusion become important forces in markets today. They critically affect the fortunes of consumers, firms, and nations. Despite research across many disciplines, many important questions remain unanswered. Effects of fluctuating price and quality on the consumer adoption decision for multi-generation innovation are some of such important research areas in this field. High-technology product comes in generations that consist of substitutable product ranges; consumers' preferences tend to reflect external and internal factors that change over time. Often, two successive generations under the same product category compete in the market. It is anticipated by the consumers that the later generation possesses more advance features. Yet it becomes difficult for the marketing managers to decide on the optimum-level values of marketing mix variables for two competing products under its stable. This paper studies optimal control policies for quality and price when two technology generations are present in a dynamic market and also suggest a policy for the optimal launching time of an advanced generation. Lots of work has already been done to study the optimal policies on explanatory variables such as price, promotional effort, quality, and time for new products. In comparison high-technology products have received less attention. The profit functional used for optimal control in this paper combines well-known diffusion models and the cost function that is capable of estimating the future profit trends. The diffusion model uses the relationship between the repeat purchasers and the new purchasers to study the overall diffusion of a new technology over multiple generations.

A new vision for the automation systems engineering for automotive powertrain assembly

Pressure on the powertrain sector of the automotive industry is mounting as market demand for higher variety and lower-cost automation systems increases. To maintain the market competitiveness, design-to-market time for new products should be significantly shorter and considerable cost saving needs to be made during the design and manufacture of production facilities. Virtual construction, test and validation of systems prior to build are now identified as crucial because engineering changes owing to untested designs cannot be afforded any longer, and approved designs need to be reused more efficiently. In this article, the authors report research collaboration between Loughborough University and Ford Motor Company, to improve the current business and engineering model used in the powertrain industry. The current problems are highlighted and corresponding industrial engineering requirements are specified. The existing end-user and supply-chain interaction models are captured and new business and engineering interaction models are proposed to address the requirements. A set of engineering services required for the new interaction models is described and an evaluation approach to identify the impact of the new model on the current enterprises is explained. In addition, an overview is given on the research findings on the predicted impacts on the current businesses based on a set of evaluation criteria.

Wintel: Cooperation and Conflict

We study competitive interactions between Intel and Microsoft, two producers of complementary products. In a system of complements, like the PC, the value of the final product depends on how well the different components work together. This, in turn, depends on the firms’ investment in complementary R&D. We ask whether Intel and Microsoft will want to cooperate and make the final product as valuable as possible. Contrary to the popular view that two tight complements will generally have well aligned incentives, we demonstrate that natural conflicts emerge over pricing, the timing of new product releases, and who captures the greatest value at different phases of product generations.

Optimizing Supply-Chain Planning

Semiconductor manufacturing is a very capital-intensive endeavor that can return substantial revenues. The production planning process must deliver a build schedule that makes efficient use of Intel’s capital resources while satisfying as much demand as possible. This schedule should comprehend the flexibility of production resources, the dynamic nature of supply and demand within Intel’s supply chain, as well as the timing of new product releases and production facility improvements. Previous planning processes relied on spreadsheets for heuristic manual decision making with localized data. With the growing complexity of Intel’s products and manufacturing processes, these methods had become inadequate and unsustainable. Upgrading the planning process required better decision algorithms, improved data management, as well as more automated and integrated planning processes. New tools based on Mathematical Programming were implemented in multiple divisions and stages of Intel’s supply chain. The development team worked closely with the users to understand their business and capture their operating logic to create automated decision systems. These tools balance requirements to satisfy demand, achieve inventory targets, and remain within production capacity to reduce costs and satisfy demand across Intel’s supply chain. They have been developed to evolve the planning process while maintaining visibility to the logic and data flow to facilitate continuous improvement. Advances in data management were required to complement decision algorithm improvements. The new tools integrate directly into source data systems while providing planningand optimization-specific functionality, including mechanisms to track parameter changes and supply dynamic reporting capabilities. These advances allow planners to more easily identify data issues and to better understand the planning recommendations from the tools. The robust data management infrastructure enables tighter integration of organizations, increased scalability, and more consistent implementation of solutions across business units. Advances in decision algorithms, data management, and system automation led to improvements in solution quality, data health, and productivity. The new applications allow planners to rapidly perform analyses on multiple business scenarios to produce better solutions and improve collaboration with other organizations. While results reported by the business users over the past four years have proven the stability and value of this decision support technology, there is still work to be done. Plans for extensions and continuous improvement are provided in the last section of this paper.

Predicting order and timing of new product moves: the role of top management in corporate entrepreneurship

In this study, we focused on new product move as a form of corporate entrepreneurial activity. We developed hypotheses relating the characteristics of the top management team (TMT) to the order and timing of new product moves made by firms. We analyzed 223 new product introduction moves from the personal computer, long distance telecommunication, and brewing industries from the period of 1975–1990. We found that firms with larger TMTs were more likely to be first movers. The hypothesis that firms with larger TMTs are more likely to respond quickly to new product moves received marginal support. The hypothesis that TMTs more heterogeneous in terms of organizational tenure of executives are more likely to be first movers as well as earlier in the order of new product moves received marginal support. We found contradictory results with TMT organizational tenure and TMT educational background heterogeneity as predictors of order and timing of new product moves. Subsequently, we conducted industry-wise analysis that revealed important differences in this new product entrepreneurial activity across the three industries.

The integration of rapid prototyping and CAE in mould manufacturing

In order to shorten the manufacturing time for new products and their moulds, the use and the development of modern techniques are critical. One of such technologies is the rapid prototyping method, which enables the designer and the customer to see the physical presentation of a new product which will be ready for marketing in the period of 3–6 months, already at the early stage of its development. During this period of 3–6 months, the mould must be manufactured and the product must be placed to the market. In this comprehensive R&D work, modern computer techniques must be applied. With the help of computer aided numerical simulations, solving of the greater part of the problems that can emerge during the product and/or mould manufacturing can be predicted. This paper is a result of the co-operation between three Slovenian companies in the development of new products. It starts with the rapid prototyping and computer simulations in the development phase of the product. The same CAE approach will be used in the implementation of modern mould manufacturing techniques, the whole development of the products being treated as an industrial implementation of concurrent engineering methods.

The Changing Focus in the Pharmaceutical Industry

The focus of the pharmaceutical industry has changed significantly over the last year or two. The demand for efficiency has suddenly become a major issue. Most companies are concerned with cutting costs and shortening development time for new products. This general concern also has an effect on clinical data management, its priorities, and its routines.This paper describes how the changing focus has affected Data Management at Nycomed Imaging. It will also briefly outline a few of the actions Nycomed has taken or plans to take in the near future in answer to the new challenge. This includes issues such as data entry pool, clinical systems development, standardization, alternative data capture, categorization of data, improving routines, and computer system validation.

A Survey of Major Approaches for Accelerating New Product Development

Product life‐cycles are becoming shorter, leading firms to reduce the time to bring new products to market. Being early can provide a significant competitive advantage, making the acceleration of new product development (NPD) an important area for research and inquiry. Based on their review of a wide range of literatures in business strategy, marketing, new product development, manufacturing and organization management, Murray Millson, S. P. Raj and David Wilemon report a general set of techniques for reducing the developmental cycle time for new products. The article develops a hierarchy of available NPD acceleration approaches and discusses potential benefits, limitations and significant challenges to successful implementation.

A survey of major approaches for accelerating new product development

Product life-cycles are becoming shorter, leading firms to reduce the time to bring new products to market. Being early can provide a significant competitive advantage, making the acceleration of new product development (NPD) an important area for research and inquiry. Based on their review of a wide range of literatures in business strategy, marketing, new product development, manufacturing and organization management, Murray Millson, S.P. Raj and David Wilemon report a general set of techniques for reducing the developmental cycle time for new products. The article develops a hierarchy of available NPD acceleration approaches and discusses potential benefits, limitations and significant challenges to successful implementation.

A two-stage assembly process planning tooJ for robot-based flexible assembly systems

Abstract Market forces are increasingly forcing manufacturing companies to reduce both the time to market and the design cycle time for new products. These forces have given rise to a new engineering philosophy in which product design and manufacture take place in parallel. Successful implementation of this philosophy depends on the availability of tools which support CAD/CAM integration in a creative way. This paper proposes the use of computer aided process planning (CAPP) as a two-stage procedure: product/process analysis followed by process planning proper. Product/process analysis involves the application of design for manufacturing and assembly techniques via an effective CAD database interface. A prototype two stage computer-based process planning system for robot-based assembly applications is described.