Time-dependent Transfer Coefficients Research Articles

A Multimedia Chemical Fate Model with Time-Dependent Air-Water Transfer Rates

A multimedia model for the temporal evolution of the concentration of chemical species in a water basin and its bottom sediment layer has been tested with time-dependent air-water transfer rates varying with the meteorological conditions over the basin. The multimedia model uses the chemical fugacity approach in a system of two ordinary differential equations for the chemical species partition in the two mentioned media, with transfer through the sediment-water and the air-water interfaces. The air-water transfer rates are estimated by a micrometeorological preprocessor. A scenario in which known concentrations in air of a soluble pollutant (benzene) induce water and sediment pollution is tested on both ‘synthetic’ (MonteCarlo-simulated) and real series of meteorological data. It is found that the use of time-dependent transfer coefficients affects not only the relaxation time, but also the long term concentration of the pollutant in water and sediment, that differs between 10 and 40% in the examined cases when compared with the same multimedia model using average constant transfer rates as usual. This is shown to be due to the statistical correlations between meteorological parameters and air pollutant concentrations, which stresses the advantages of a time-dependent estimation of the transfer coefficients. Correction terms are proposed to take into account the correlation effects when a constant parameters multimedia model is used.

An Elementary Method for Solving Compartmental Models with Time-Dependent Coefficients

Several of the biokinetic models used in ICRP Publication 56, Age-dependent Doses to the Public from Exposures to Radionuclides, depict the movement of materials among explicitly defined organs and tissues using transfer coefficients that vary continuously with age from infancy to adulthood. Such physiologically and/or biologically based models are appealing because of the identifiability of model components, but their application has been limited by the general perception that such models can only be evaluated using sophisticated mathematical tools. The purpose of this paper is to describe an elementary method for solving complex compartmental models with time-dependent transfer coefficients. The method has practically no limitations on the number of compartments or connections between compartments and thus is applicable to a wide class of models, including those that depict recycling of material. We illustrate the method by applications to the age-specific biokinetic models described in ICRP Publication 56.

An Elementary Method for Solving Compartmental Models with Time-Dependent Coefficients

Several of the biokinetic models used in ICRP Publication 56, Age-dependent Doses to the Public from Exposures to Radionuclides, depict the movement of materials among explicitly defined organs and tissues using transfer coefficients that vary continuously with age from infancy to adulthood. Such physiologically and/or biologically based models are appealing because of the identifiability of model components, but their application has been limited by the general perception that such models can only be evaluated using sophisticated mathematical tools. The purpose of this paper is to describe an elementary method for solving complex compartmental models with time-dependent transfer coefficients. The method has practically no limitations on the number of compartments or connections between compartments and thus is applicable to a wide class of models, including those that depict recycling of material. We illustrate the method by applications to the age-specific biokinetic models described in ICRP Publication 56.