Time Course Of Body Temperature Research Articles

Predictive Factors of Fever After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Its Impact on Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Clinical Outcomes.

Fever is relatively common and worsens neurologic injury after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this study was to display the time course of body temperature, identify predictive factors of fever after SAH, and evaluate its impact on delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and clinical outcomes. Four hundred twelve patients with SAH and ruptured aneurysms who were treated at our institution between January 2007 and December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The febrile group was defined as patients having a maximal temperature ≥38.0°C for 2 consecutive days or for more than 3 days within 2 weeks after SAH, and the remaining patients comprised the afebrile group. The impact of fever on DCI and clinical outcomes was assessed. Anterior communicating artery aneurysm, Hunt and Hess grade, SAH sum score, intraventricular hemorrhage sum score, and body mass index were independent predictive factors for fever after SAH. A larger SAH and fever were independent risk factors for DCI. A worse Hunt and Hess grade, concomitant intracerebral hemorrhage, DCI, old age, and fever were independent risk factors for unfavorable outcomes. Predictors of fever after SAH were a worse clinical status at admission, larger SAH and intraventricular hemorrhage, anterior communicating artery aneurysm, and greater body mass index. Fever itself was an independent risk factor for DCI and unfavorable outcomes after aneurysmal SAH.

The time course of body temperature, serum amyloid A protein, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in patients with bacterial infection during the initial 3 days of antibiotic therapy

The accuracy of using body temperature, serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the work-up for early or late step-down therapy after an initial course of intravenous cefuroxime was investigated. Eighty-one hospitalized patients with an initial course of cefuroxime were retrospectively classified with one of the following diagnoses: bacterial infection without known focus, pneumonia, bronchitis, pyelonephritis, skin and soft-tissue infections or fever of other origin. The majority of the patients had sepsis (91% or 74/81) of whom 6 patients had severe sepsis. The inter-individual variability of body temperature, SAA, CRP and IL-6 was considerable. The time course of SAA and CRP during the first 24 h in patients with sepsis with a short duration of illness but without septic shock showed increasing levels during the initial course of intravenous therapy. In contrast, body temperature and IL-6 decreased, regardless of illness duration. Beyond 24 h, all 4 biomarkers declined, again regardless of the duration of illness. After the initial course of cefuroxime, biomarkers were non-distinguishing in terms of guidance in the judgement of early or late step-down therapy. Further studies are proposed for biomarker guidance antibiotic therapy in sepsis patients without septic shock.

Temporal patterns of body temperatures in the acute stage of stroke.

The present study aimed to describe the day-by-day temporal patterns of body temperatures in acute stroke and to delineate the differences in serial daily changes in body temperatures between intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and cerebral infarct (CI). We retrospectively enrolled 90 patients (32 with ICH and 58 with CI), admitted within 12 hours after the onset of stroke. Body temperatures were measured as the tympanic temperatures during the initial 6 days of hospitalization. Patients with clinical infections were excluded. The severity of stroke was assessed by Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS). SSS score < or = 30 was defined as severe stroke, and SSS score >30 as mild-to-moderate stroke. Mean body temperature was significantly higher in patients with ICH than those with CI in 0 approximately 12 hours; 12 approximately 24 hours, 24 approximately 48 hours, and 48 approximately 72 hours (all p<0.05) after the onset of stroke. Among patients with ICH, the body temperature was significantly higher in the severe group than the mild-to-moderate group during 24 approximately 48 hours and 48 approximately 72 hours (both p<0.05) after the onset of stroke. No significant difference in body temperatures was observed between patients with severe stroke and patient with mild-to-moderate CI. The serial time course of body temperature in the acute stage of stroke differs between ICH and CI. This study showed that, in ICH but not in CI, the elevation of body temperature has significant association with the stroke severity. Our results may help in the management of hyperthermia during acute stroke.

The time-course of body temperature in acute stroke

22 Objective: Body temperature on admission has been reported to be of prognostic significance in acute stroke in several studies. Spontaneous hyperthermia has been associated with poor outcome mainly based on body temperature measured 24 - 48 hours after stroke onset. The aim of this study was to describe the time-course of body temperature in the first hours after stroke onset and its relation to stroke severity and outcome. Patients and Methods: This work is based on 762 consecutive patients admitted within 6 hours of stroke onset (median: 2 hours) to an acute stroke unit. Body temperature was registered on admission and every 2 hours in the first 24 hours. Stroke severity was assessed by Scandinavian Stroke Scale on admission and functional outcome by modified Rankin Scale after 3 months. Results: In the severe stroke patients, both ischaemic and haemorrhagic, we observed a rise in body temperature within 6 - 8 hours after stroke onset. No rise was observed in the less severe strokes. Temperature >= 37.5°C, observed in 4.5 %, on admission within 6 hours of stroke onset was not associated with poor out-come. Conclusion: Severe stroke heralds rise in body temperature within 6 - 8 hours, while temperature remains normal in mild strokes unless infection occurs. Elevated temperature on admission had no prognostic significance in this study.

The time-course of body temperature in acute stroke

22 Objective: Body temperature on admission has been reported to be of prognostic significance in acute stroke in several studies. Spontaneous hyperthermia has been associated with poor outcome mainly based on body temperature measured 24 - 48 hours after stroke onset. The aim of this study was to describe the time-course of body temperature in the first hours after stroke onset and its relation to stroke severity and outcome. Patients and Methods: This work is based on 762 consecutive patients admitted within 6 hours of stroke onset (median: 2 hours) to an acute stroke unit. Body temperature was registered on admission and every 2 hours in the first 24 hours. Stroke severity was assessed by Scandinavian Stroke Scale on admission and functional outcome by modified Rankin Scale after 3 months. Results: In the severe stroke patients, both ischaemic and haemorrhagic, we observed a rise in body temperature within 6 - 8 hours after stroke onset. No rise was observed in the less severe strokes. Temperature &gt;= 37.5°C, observed in 4.5 %, on admission within 6 hours of stroke onset was not associated with poor out-come. Conclusion: Severe stroke heralds rise in body temperature within 6 - 8 hours, while temperature remains normal in mild strokes unless infection occurs. Elevated temperature on admission had no prognostic significance in this study.

Metabolic adjustments during daily torpor in the Djungarian hamster.

Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) acclimated to a short photoperiod (8:16-h light-dark cycle) display spontaneous daily torpor with ad libitum food availability. The time course of body temperature (Tb), metabolic rate, respiratory quotient (RQ), and substrate and enzyme changes was measured during entrance into torpor and in deep torpor. RQ, blood glucose, and serum lipids are high during the first hours of torpor but then gradually decline, suggesting that glucose is the primary fuel during the first hours of torpor, with a gradual change to lipid utilization. No major changes in enzyme activities were observed during torpor except for inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex in liver, brown adipose tissue, and heart muscle. PDH inactivation closely correlates with the reduction of total metabolic rate, whereas in brain, kidney, diaphragm, and skeletal muscle, PDH activity was maintained at the initial level. These findings suggest inhibition of carbohydrate oxidation in heart, brown adipose tissue, and liver during entrance into daily torpor.

Effect of morning bright light on body temperature, plasma cortisol and wrist motility measured during 24 hour of constant conditions

Using 24 h constant conditions, time course of body temperature, plasma cortisol and wrist motility was measured in response to a 3 day morning 2 h bright light pulse. This protocol demonstrated that a 2000 lux illumination was sufficient to elicit a shift of about 2 h of temperature minimum and cortisol peak. In reference session, actimetric recordings showed a circadian time course, closely in relation with core temperature. Bright light pulse resulted in a decrease of amplitude and a disappearance of circadian pattern of actimetry.

Sleep structure and EEG power density in morning types and evening types during a simulated day and night shift

The objective of this study was to examine circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep in humans. In 8 morning types (M-types) and in 8 evening types (E-types), sleep was recorded during 3 successive nights and, after shifting sleep to the daytime, during 3 consecutive days. Night sleep was highly similar in the M-types and E-types. Day sleep clearly differed from night sleep in both types: Day sleep was shorter and had a longer first REMS episode. Furthermore, EEG power density recorded during non-REMS in the delta and theta frequency bands was higher during all day-sleep periods. Remarkably, the enhancements did not occur in non-REMS episode 1 but were delayed. This was interpreted as an inhibition of EEG power density at the beginning of sleep, possibly caused by the time course of body temperature and/or by the higher REMS propensity. Also, clear differences between the types became apparent: Only in the E-types, the non-REMS episodes shortened in response to the shift in bedtime, and probably related to this, the time course of EEG power density over consecutive non-REMS episodes became almost flat. It was concluded that the circadian system exerts not only an influence on sleep duration and REMS propensity, but also affects the time course of the non-REMS process.

Fever, Leucocytosis and C-reactive Protein after Open-Heart Surgery and Their Value in the Diagnosis of Postoperative Infections

The time course of body temperature (T), white blood cell count (WBC) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) following uncomplicated open-heart surgery and the value of these three parameters in the diagnosis of postoperative infectious complications were analyzed in 153 patients. Preoperatively, all the patients had a normal T and the WBC level was under 10 X 10(9)/l. The CRP was elevated (over 20 mg/l) in five patients without having an influence on their postoperative courses. Postoperatively, T, WBC and CRP reached their maximum values during the first three days, decreasing gradually thereafter. Great individual variations in this average response to open-heart surgery were seen. Development of minor postoperative infections, mainly wound infection, (in 22 patients) were poorly reflected by these three parameters. However, a temperature exceeding 38 degrees C after the 6th postoperative day suggested presence of infection; less than 5% of patients without an infection had a temperature over this value. A secondary rise in CRP after the third postoperative day occurred in 20 patients and correlated well with postoperative complications; in 14 patients (70%) an infection became apparent, in three instances a probable infection was present, while two patients suffered from non-infectious complications. Only in one case (5%) did the cause for a secondary rise in CRP remain unknown. In major infections, i.e. mediastinitis, a CRP response occurred in all 12 patients, a temperature response in 11 patients (92%) and a WBC response in 10 patients (83%).

Reduction of human sleep duration after bright light exposure in the morning

In 8 subjects the spontaneous termination of sleep was determined after repetitive exposure to either bright or dim light, between 6.00 and 9.00 h, on 3 days preceding sleep assessment. Sleep duration was significantly shorter following bright light than following dim light. During sleep the time course of EEG energy was not affected by the light treatment. Analysis of the time course of body temperature during sleep indicated an earlier rise of body temperature following the bright light treatment. In terms of the two-process model of sleep regulation this can be interpreted as a direct effect of light on the circadian phase of the wake up threshold.

Stereotyped behavior and hyperthermia in dogs: correlation with the levels of amphetamine and p-hydroxyamphetamine in plasma and CSF.

A gas-chromatographic method for simultaneously measuring p-hydroxyamphetamine (pOA) against amphetamine (A) in plasma and CSF is presented. The time course of body temperature (Tb), stereotyped behavior (St), and A and pOA levels in plasma and CSF were studied after administration of 0.6 and 1.5 mg/kg p.o. of A to dogs. Stereotyped behavior reached maximal value 2.5 h after A, as did levels of A in CSF. The A levels in CSF decreased steadily in the following hours and simultaneously with the levels of A in plasma. St remained elevated and began to decrease after 6.5 h. The relationship between St and amounts of A was not linear but exponential. This suggest that both A and its metabolite contributed to this effect. In fact, a linear relationship was found between St and the amounts of pOA in CSF. Body temperature had a time course similar to A plasma levels, reaching peak value after 1.5 h and declining thereafter simultaneously with A. A linear relationship was found between Tb and the amounts of A in plasma. Thus Tb seems to be a peripheral A effect related to the presence of the drug in plasma.

The relation between the torpor cycle and heat exchange in the California pocket mouse Perognathus californicus.

AbstractThe changes in body temperature (TB) associated with the torpor cycle of P. californicus are described by the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{{\rm dT}_{\rm B} }}{{{\rm dt}}} = \frac{{{\rm heat production - heat loss}}}{{\rm K}} $\end{document} where t is time, and K is the heat capacity of body tissue. This equation can be solved after substituting appropriate expressions for maximum and minimum aerobic heat production and heat loss to give theoretical maximum rates of entry into and arousal from torpor.The measured time course of body temperature and oxygen consumption during entry into torpor compare favorably with theoretical curves calculated under conditions of minimum heat production and maximum heat loss. Thus P. californicus appears able to “switch off its thermostat” so that oxygen consumption during entry into torpor falls almost to the minimum level for a given body temperature. Heat loss during entry into torpor appears to be facilitated by an increase in thermal conductance.During arousal from torpor, body temperature increases faster than can be accounted for assuming maximum heat production and minimum heat loss. This could be explained by anaerobic heat production and by a decreased thermal conductance resulting from the posterior vasoconstriction typical of arousing hibernators.Torpor periods of short duration are feasible for P. californicus, for it can enter torpor and arouse immediately thereafter at an ambient temperature of 15° with an expenditure of energy only 55% of that required to maintain a high body temperature over the same period of time. Arousal from torpor at an ambient temperature of 15° requires about 75% of the total energy expended during a ten hour torpor cycle; entry into torpor and torpor itself account for only 9 and 16% of the total energy expenditure, respectively.The quantitative relations between heat production and heat loss presented in this paper suggest further investigations of the effects of body size on heat production and loss, and of physiological phenomena which alter heat exchange.

Untersuchungen zur Arbeitshyperthermie des Menschen

The main subject of this study is the possible effect of partial neuromuscular block on the body temperature during exercise. The experiments are performed on 5 well trained healthy male persons (20–25 years old). During muscular work of 3 mkp/sec on a bycicle-ergometer, the body temperature (measured in the lower third of the Oesophagus) remains constant at a room temperature of 23°C, and rises slightly at a room temperature of 34°C. If the same persons receive an i.v. infusion of d-Tubocurarine during the exercise, the time course of body temperature, under all experimental conditions, shows no deviations from the control values. This finding does not support the assumption, that the increase of body temperature during work may be attributed to an irradiation of impulses from the cortex to thermoregulatory centres.