Till Research Articles

Herbal Medicines in management and prevention of COVID-19

Traditional herbal medicines are widely accepted in the world. Certain countries and WHO have research investment in traditional herbal medicines. COVID-19 came as a major Health care challenge for human in 2019. 480 deaths have been recorded till 18 th of April 2020 in India. No pharmaceutical products have yet been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of COVID-19. Major 3 types of targets of COVID-19 were identified by researches, which are as follow – 1) Inhibit coronavirus at structural level, 2) Inhibit coronavirus RNA synthesis and replication and 3) Inhibit virulence factor of Coronavirus. Certain Herbal medicines like Tribulus terrestris, Withania somnifera, Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum, and Phyllanthus emblica have potent Anti-COVID properties , which is indicating new sunrise in the direction of Herbal medicine.

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Functional outcome of distal tibia extra articular fractures treated by Joshi’s External Stabilization System (JESS)

Objective: Distal tibia extra articular fractures amount to nearly 10-13% of all tibial fractures. Precarious vascularity, propensity for open fractures and poor soft tissue coverage over these fractures make them particularly vulnerable for infection and non-union and surgical site complications.We evaluated the shortterm functional outcome of fracture distal tibia fibula treated by single stage external fixation using Joshi’s External stabilizing system (JESS). Methods: In a non-control prospective interventional study on 30 patients with extra articular distal tibia fractures we used the JESS fixator as a definitive treatment modality. Fibula was internally fixed using a nail or plate when fractured. After achieving temporary fracture reduction, two pins were inserted each in tibia and calcaneum and were connected by JESS rods using clamps. In case of open fractures wound was managed by serial debridement and dressings as required. The patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 months. Results: There were 20 male and 10 females. The mean age was 39.1 years (range 18-60 years). There were 18 open and 12 closed fractures. According to the AO/OTA classification of extra articular distal tibia fractures 20 belonged to type A1, 3 in type A2 and 7 in type A3. The mean time to union was 15 weeks and the average duration of surgery was 35 minutes. At the final follow up all fractures united except one and the mean AOFAS score was 83.13. There were 2 cases of pin track infections, one non-union and one mal-union. One patient had ankle arthritis managed conservatively till last follow up. Conclusions: Definitive fixation of distal tibia extra- articular fractures with JESS is a simple procedure with good functional outcome and avoids complications associated with open reduction and internal fixation. Keywords: Distal tibia, JESS, Plating, ORIF, Fixator.

Tips and tricks in interlocking nailing in distal one third humerus shaft and segmental fractures of humerus

Background: The conventional methods like conservative treatments are well accepted for managing shaft fractures of humerus. But this needs continuous frequent vigilance on the clinical and radiological follow up to see any displacements and may need to change the line of treatment requiring surgical intervention. Closed Interlocking nailing of humerus mid shaft is routinely done as frequently as open plating because of its encouraging results. Fractures of distal one third humerus shafts are challenging for nailing especially if there is comminution and segmental fracture with short distal segment. Distal humerus fractures can be stabilised with intramedullary interlocking nails, provided adequate length is available in distal segment. The aim of this study is to explain difficulties faced in closed interlocking nailing of distal one third and below distal one third humerus shaft and solutions to overcome them and remove the hesitancy of performing nailing without any complications in such circumstances in a closed technique with minimal surgical trauma. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 27 patients with fracture of Humerus shaft at and below one third level fractures was done. They were treated by closed interlocking nailing in period of five years from 2014 -2019. These patients were followed up till fracture union & evaluated further postoperatively for finding its benefits over open plating. Results: In our study, the age varied from 25 to 68 years. The mean age of patients was 45 years. 18 were males (65%) and 9 were females (35%). The results were based on type of fracture and healing period, infection, stiffness of elbow, restriction of movements. The results were encouragingly excellent in clinical radiological and functional outcome. Conclusions: From our present study we conclude that closed nailing of distal humerus fracture is a reliable minimal invasive alternative procedures than extensive open reduction and plating. It is especially benef

Comparative efficacy of Amprolium, Garlic oil and Ginger oil against Coccidiosis in common quail (Coturnix coturnix).

In birds, Eimeria spp are commonly reported coccidian parasites that cause anorexia, debilitation, bloody diarrhea, mortalities and economical losses. This study was conducted on 30 clinical cases of common quails presented at Pet Centre, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, suffering from coccidiosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative anti-coccidial efficacy of amprolium, garlic oil and ginger oil. Drinking water of affected birds was supplemented with amprolium (130 mg/100 mL), garlic oil (150µl/0.5L) and ginger oil (150µl/0.5L) for 15 days and fecal sample screening for coccidia oocyst count was performed on days 0, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 15 using direct microscopy with fecal floatation method and McMaster chamber counting technique. The data was statistically analyzed which revealed that amprolium showed highest and rapid efficacy against coccidiosis with complete disappearance of oocysts and improved activity level with better health, increased feed intake and normal feces on day 11 followed by garlic oil that showed recovery from oocysts on day 15, whereas in ginger oil treated birds oocysts were present till the end of study. It was concluded that amprolium is highly effective against coccidiosis followed by garlic oil; on other hand ginger oil was not clinically effective for the treatment of coccidiosis in quails.

Influence of wall friction on Active Earth Pressure in Model Test

Earth pressure theories occupy a paramount position in the field of geotechnical engineering. The knowledge of active earth pressure under static condition is essential in designing a retaining wall as the damage to such retaining structures may lead to disastrous failure. A retaining wall helps in maintaining the ground surface at different elevations on either side of it. Without such a structure, the soil at higher elevation would tend to move down till it acquires its natural, stable configuration. Laboratory model tests in geotechnical engineering are being performed in small steel test tanks to examine the lateral earth pressure on retaining walls. In present study laboratory model of retaining wall is cantilever type, having model tank of MS (1810 x 1210 mm) in plan and 1000 mm height. The MS plate (1210 x 1000 x 5 mm) acts as a retaining wall. Present work consists of evaluation of active earth pressure by conducting 18 tests on model with different frictional surfaces namely jute, geotextile, thick plastic sheet, cement bag and uniform surcharge of 2.0 kN/m2. All the tests are conducted on dry, cohesionless backfill. Test results show that, when frictional surfaces are attached on the side walls and retaining wall, the deflection of the retaining wall reduces and hence active earth pressure is also reduced. Earth pressure slightly reduces in case of frictional surfaces on side wall as well as on retaining wall as compared to that with frictional surface only on retaining wall. Further it is observed that the reduction of the active earth pressure depends on to the wall friction angle () of frictional surface. Increase in wall friction angle () of surface results in decrease in deflection and thereby corresponding decrease in active earth pressure. Earth pressure obtained in the present work agrees well with Culmann’s graphical method whereas earth pressure by coulomb method is slightly higher than that obtained experimentally.

The role and delicate balance of Host Immunity in Coronavirus Disease-19.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) associated with SARS-CoV-2, causes a severe form of the respiratory illness known as Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19). COVID-19 has emerged as a worldwide pandemic with a high number of fatalities. Approximately 112,654,202 people have been infected so far with this disease which has led to the death of more than one point seven million (2,496,749) till 24th Feb, 2021. Measures to counter this disease have led to a global economic slowdown. Multiple drug trials are ongoing and several putative candidates for vaccination against the virus have been approved and are in the pipeline. Many studies have also characterized the immunological profile of patients infected with COVID-19. Some studies suggest that the severity of the COVID-19 infection is directly associated with the cytokine storm. In this review, we aim to compile the available knowledge and describe the nature of immune responses in patients infected with COVID-19 in different age groups, comorbidity, and immune-compromised state and their association with disease severity.

Images of the Elderly in Preschoolers and Their Parents

Introduction. The paper analyses the representations of old people by the preschoolers. The changing demographic situation of the society stimulates a study of contemporary relationship between generations. Some studies reveal stereotypes and discrimination of an old subject by small children. The nature of this phenomenon and factors influencing it are contradictory and not clear.The objective of the study is to reveal and to analyze interrelations between the elderly images in preschoolers with those of their parents. We supposed that the image of the elderly in older preschoolers depends on stereotyped parents’ representations of the elderly and on the quality and accessibility of child’s relationship with grandparents.Study design. 67 child-parents dyads including 67 preschoolers aged from five to six years (56.7% of girls and 43.3% of boys) and 67 parents aged from 23 till 59 years (85.1% of mothers and 14.9% of fathers) took part in the study. We used the method of projective drawing for children and a questionary together with association test for parents. The questionary was aimed to precise the social and demographic state of the parents and the ancestors, the type of the family from the point of view of participation of grandparents in the care and upbringing of children, relationship of children and grandparents and parents’ opinions about the need for participation of grandparents in children upbringing.Results. (1) The study of parents proved, that a positive or negative image of an old person is manifested via the dynamic system of health/disease, preservation or not preservation of functional abilities and life competence. A neutral image is represented through inclusion in the new state of a retired and an ancestor. (2) The study of children proved that the quality of communication with grandparents determines the emotional component in elderly and old subject image. A limited or absent communication results in emotionally neutral and personally not valuable image. (3) We did not reveal the influence of parents’ stereotyped images on children.Conclusions. (1) A positive aging images and an efficient communication of children with ancestors form a basis for positive image of elderly and of an old subject by small children. (2) Children experience of “sufficient” communication with grandparents actualizes predominantly the emotional aspect of communication in the image of an old subject. (3) Children with deficient communication with grandparents represent an image of an old subject as somebody else or nobody’ person, and accentuate psychophysiological deficits. (4) Preschoolers can have own representations of elderly not identic to parents or surrounding people or social stereotypes.

The travails of Nigerian federalism 1951-1999: A federation in crisis of constitutional engineering

Federalism in Nigeria dates back to 1951 (69 years), but in spite of the long period of experience with federalism as a political system, Nigerians are still in search of an acceptable, truly and functional federal constitution. Today, the clamor for the restructuring of the Nigerian federal system, another way of asking for a new constitution, is so rife that it has assumed a crisis proportion. This paper therefore briefly discusses some conceptual notes of federalism and summarizes the federal constitutions in Nigeria from 1951 till date. And finally, the paper adopts four perspectives in explaining the challenges of Nigerian federalism. The four perspectives are (1) the political economy of constitution making, (2) the nature of the Nigerian state, (3) the absence of hegemony and (4) the military factor. Key words: Nigeria, federalism, constitutional engineering, political system.

Custodiol versus extracellular crystalloid cardioplegia in mitral valve replacement in patients with low ejection fraction

Background The use of cardioplegia solution is aimed to avoid myocardial muscle damage, leading to poor contraction and abnormal increased release of cardiac biomarkers enzymes during cardiac arrest. It remains the primary method for myocardial protection against ischemia–reperfusion injury during cardiac surgery. Cardioplegia was first presented as an agent for hypothermic hyperkalemic arrest. Blood was then introduced as a vehicle to convey potassium to the heart. Histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate solution is safe and used as a single dose that can last for up to 3 h. Comparison between custodiol cardioplegia and cold blood cardioplegia still remains a big debate till now. Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of custodiol solution with cold blood cardioplegia in mitral valve replacement (MVR) with cardiac ejection fraction less than 45%. Patients and methods This single‑center randomized prospective study was carried out from January 2018 till June 2019 at Ain Shams University hospitals. Overall, 65 patients with poor left ventricular function undergoing mitral valve replacement were divided randomly according to type of myocardial protection into two groups: group A included 30 patients who received custodiol cardioplegia, and group B included 35 patients who received cold blood cardioplegia. Data from each group were collected and compared with each other. Results Baseline demographic and intraoperative data showed no significant difference between the two groups. The need for inotropic support, length of mechanical ventilation, and ICU stay were statistically nonsignificant between the two groups. There was a statistically significant difference regarding the rhythm upon declamping [ventricular fibrillation (VF) in 17 (56.7%) cases in group A and nine (25.7%) cases in group B (P=0.016)], and also there was a significant difference in times of defibrillation cardioversion (DC) shock given after declamping (P=0.005). Overall mortality shows a statistically nonsignificant difference. There is a significant difference in postoperative echo assessment for both groups [ejection fraction in group A: 53.17±7.73 compared with 49.06±7.170 in group B (P=0.031)], and there is also a difference in hemoglobin postoperatively, with 10.35±0.843 in group A compared with 10.88±0.798 in group B (P=0.013). Conclusion Cardiac arrest using custodiol cardioplegia is a good choice in mitral valve replacement with the advantage of giving only one dose of cardioplegia without interruption of the operation, and also it gives good postoperative echo results than cold blood cardioplegia. Its disadvantages are lower hemoglobin levels postoperatively and hyponatremia during bypass in comparison with cold blood cardioplegia.

Primary graft nonfunction in liver transplantation: can we predict? A single-center experience

Background Primary nonfunction (PNF) after liver transplantation is a lethal condition, requiring immediate retransplantation. The precise cause is not well known yet. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of PNF in our liver recipients, potential risk factors, and outcome. Patients and methods A total of 248 adult liver transplant recipients from 2014 till 2017 at our Transplant Unit were included after excluding nine patients for missing data. Of 248 patients, five (2%) had PNF; two of these patients have been excluded for the purpose of data analysis, as they had machine perfusion (One Liver Assist, and the other Organox). Of the non-PNF 243 recipients, 36 patients receiving livers from donors undergoing in-situ normothermic regional perfusion or ex-situ normothermic perfusion were not included, leaving 207 patients, so the total number was 210 patients. Donor and graft variables studied including age, BMI, serum sodium, cold ischemia time, warm ischemia time, operative time, graft type, and severity of steatosis. Recipient variables included primary liver disease; United Kingdom Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (UKELD) score; posttransplant biochemistry; potential risk factors, including dialysis, inotropes, mechanical ventilation, and pretransplant portal vein thrombosis; hospital and ICU stay; and patient survival. Results UKELD score was the only significant recipient variable (P=0.044). Among donor and graft variables, notably all PNF patients received donation after circulatory death grafts. Posttransplant laboratory values were strikingly worse, clearly indicating more pronounced hepatic and renal impairment in PNF group. Creatinine levels on days 1, 3, and 5 were significantly worse. Hospital and ICU stays were longer for PNF group, with ICU stay significantly longer [median of 7 vs. 2 days (P=0.014)], with no death in PNF group. Conclusion The main risk factors for PNF in our practice were donation after circulatory death grafts and more sick (higher UKELD) recipients.

Primary anastomosis versus diverting stoma as a management of intestinal vascular gangrene: a randomized controlled study

Context When intestinal gangrene is evident or suspected, surgical laparotomy is mandatory where the affected segment is resected with a safety margin of 5–10 cm, and the remaining part is either anastomosed or diverted on anterior abdominal wall as stoma. Stomas protect against the risks of anastomotic leakage and permit close examination of the bowel by inspection and/or endoscopy; however, it affects the quality of life. Aims To evaluate the perioperative outcomes of patients of mesenteric vascular occlusion in relation to the method of surgical intervention with either primary anastomosis or diverting ileostomy. Settings and design The study was a prospective, randomized comparative study. It involved all eligible patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria of the study. It was conducted at Mansoura Emergency Hospital in the period from November 2016 till November 2019. Patients and methods A total of 100 patients were recruited into the current study and divided into two groups after resection of gangrenous part: stoma group and anastomosis group. Statistical analysis Data were fed to the PC and analyzed using SPSS, version 26.0. Results Overall, 100 cases had a mean age of 53.0±7.6 years, with the range of 38.0–77.0 years. It included 66 (66%) males and 34 (34%) females. The leakage rate was significantly higher in the anastomotic group (18 cases), whereas it was experienced only in two (4%) cases in the other group (P<0.001). Consequently, postoperative mortality was higher in the same group (nine cases) (P=0.025). Conclusions The diverting stoma appeared to be a safer procedure to perform in mesenteric vascular occlusion with respect to morbidity and mortality rates but needs a strict nutritional, psychological, and special home care to enhance quality of life.

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A critical appraisal of Lakshanadhyaya of Kashyapa Samhita with special reference to pediatric examination

Kashyapa Samhita is the only Ayurveda classical text, which deals exclusively with pediatric anatomy, physiology, pathology, and its management. Out of which, chapter number 28 - Lakshanadhyaya has a detailed description of anatomical and physiological features of the child and correlated it with clinical, professional, social, and spiritual fortunes. But, Lakshanadhyaya is incomplete at the end. Objective: To reveal the clinical importance of features mentioned in Lakshanadhyaya and to provide probable justification for particular future predictions given in Lakshanadhyaya. Data Source: Lakshanadhyaya of Kashyapa Samhita published by Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi. Materials and Methods: Relevant materials were searched from sources such as published books, journals, and the Internet. A critical review was done over the same. Result: Acharya Kashyapa has predicted the quality and quantity of life by assessment of anatomical and physiological features of the child from birth till adolescence. All clinical points such as signs of gestational maturity (by examining the skin, hair, movement, and genitals), anthropometry (size of body parts), secondary sex characters (such as pubic hair, breast, and genitals), and systemic examinations (such as per vaginal, per rectal, musculoskeletal, and per abdomen examinations) are covered in Lakshanadhyaya. Conclusion: This article highlights that time to time examination of a child helps to predict their future life. The abdomen, vagina, nail, scrotum, penis, hair, joints, back, gait, etc., are important areas of examination for early detection of impending clinical manifestation.

ORAL MISOPROSTOL VERSUS INTRAMUSCULAR OXYTOCIN IN THE ACTIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE THIRD STAGE OF LABOUR

Background: The third stage of labor is defined as the time between the delivery of the baby and delivery of the placenta. The third stage of labor is potentially the most dangerous part for the mother. The main risk is the occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of oral misoprostol with intramuscular oxytocin in the active management of third stage of labor for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. Patient and Methods: The study was conducted in the labor ward of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Imbaba General Hospital from September 2018 till September 2019. This study included four hundred healthy pregnant women during the course of normal labor. Patients in this study were randomly divided into two equal groups: Group (I) received 600 mcg Misoprostol orally within 1 minute of delivery of the baby and Group (II) received 10 IU oxytocin intramuscularly within 1 minute of delivery of the baby. We compared the two groups using computer programs to evaluate the safety and efficacy of each drug. The primary outcome measure was postpartum fall in haemoglobin after 8 h of delivery. Secondary outcome measure was duration of third stage of labor, need for an additional uterotonic drug, need for blood transfusion and side effects of both the drugs. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the duration of the third stage of labor, the change in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels from before labor to 8 hours postpartum, and the occurrence of complications (the need for more utrotonic drugs and the need for blood transfusion). As regard the duration of third stage of labor, there was a slight advantage for the oxytocin group over the misoprostol group, 4% of cases in oxytocin group have side effects, while 13% of cases in misoprostol group have sides effects in the form of nausea, vomiting, fever, shivering. Conclusions: No major difference in oral misoprostol and intramuscular oxytocin in the management of third stage of labor.

A randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of Pathya Ahara in Grahani

Introduction: The disorders of digestion and absorption are broadly covered under the heading of “Grahani roga” in Ayurvedic classics. Grahani is the seat of agni. It retains the food till the food is fully digested and passed to Pakvashaya. Mandagni (weak digestive fire) causes improper digestion of food and leads to Grahani roga. In Grahani roga, mala is released in undigested form. The role of diet and Deepana-Pachana is very important, while treating the patient of the Grahani. Pathya Ahara, Bilva, and Panchakola Churna help to cure Grahani Dosha with considerable health benefits. Objectives: This study was conducted with the objectives to prepare a dietary module for the patients of Grahani and to study the clinical effect of the prescribed diet (Pathya Ahara) in Grahani. Material and Methods: A total of 60 patients of Grahani Dosha of either sex were registered. These patients were divided into two groups by random sampling method in Groups A and B. In Group A, patients were given Bilva and Panchakola Churna without any dietary modification, and patients of Group B were given a diet module to modify their diet along with Bilva and Panchakola Churna. All the patients were evaluated for subjective parameters. Results: Statistical analysis was done after the intervention of therapies for 6 weeks. Group B showed statistically significant results in all signs and symptoms as compared to Group A. Conclusion: Pathya Ahara improves the efficacy of the medicine in Grahani roga without the presence of any adverse effects.

Short-term results of single-anastomosis gastric bypass after failed sleeve gastrectomy

Background It is recognized that sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is one of the most common bariatric procedures worldwide. It is considered a relatively safe and effective option in the treatment of morbid obesity. However, SG operations may fail in the treatment of obesity. In cases of unsuccessful SG surgery, revisional bariatric surgery may be used. One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) was considered as an outstanding choice for revision surgery. Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of OAGB as a redo surgery after the failure of previous sleeve gastrectomy operation. Patients and methods This study is a retrospective cohort study, conducted in Bariatric Surgery Unit, Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, from February 2018 to July 2019, with 6 months of postoperative follow-up till January 2020. We included 50 patients who underwent OAGB who were adults fit for surgery, aged between 18 and 60 years, with a history of failed SG. Results A total of 50 patients with history of failed SG underwent OAGB surgery with excess body weight loss of 14.10% at 1 month, 28.85% at 3 months, and 45.43% at 6 months. Weight loss was 7.14–32.43 kg (SD 6.14). The type 2 diabetes mellitus remission rate was 100% by 6 months, with glycated hemoglobin level of 5.88±0.77 (range, 5.4–7.2). Hypertension resolution was 40%. Overall, 100% of patients with sleep apnea improved symptomatically. No morbidity or mortality cases were reported. Conclusion OAGB operation is considered to be an effective and safe revisional surgical procedure after a failed primary SG operation.

Fertility and infant survival in men and women from rural regions of Northern Tanzania: gene candidates and sex-specific genetic associations.

Numerous factors, including family planning and modern contraception, disturb the potential associations between the number of children born and genetic factors in modern Western societies. The current progress of medicine and a relatively high level of well-being make it hard to test the association between children's survival rates and genetic factors in Western societies either. The goal of the current study was to reveal the possible associations between the number of children born and the number of children survived till the age of 5 y. by the time of our study with a set of six genetic polymorphisms associated with serotonin, dopamine, androgen oxytocin behavioral effects; and to test for sex-specific effects of these polymorphisms in a traditional rural sample from Arusha and Singida Districts of Northern Tanzania. The data on 965 healthy individuals (520 men and 415 women) from traditional rural communities with high reproduction profiles were collected. All participants provided information on the number of children born and survived, and other demographic information, as well as buccal epithelium samples for DNA analysis. The data were analyzed using GLM ANCOVA and the APSampler nonparametric methodology. The gene association effects on reproduction and infant survival in men and women were demonstrated. We suggest that sex differences revealed in this study are in line with sexual selection pressure on reproduction and parenting in traditional societies.

Uzun Süreli Korumalı ve Geleneksel Toprak İşleme Sistemlerinin Beta Glikosidaz Enzim Aktivitesi ve Potansiyel Mineralize Olabilir Azot Üzerine Etkisi

Bu çalışmada, dokuz yıl süre ile uygulanan iki geleneksel, üç azaltılmış ve sıfır toprak işleme yöntemlerinin GEA ve PMN üzerine etkileri belirlenmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Tesadüf blokları şeklinde 2006 yılında başlatılan çalışmada, 6 farklı toprak işleme sistemi için 3 tekerrürlü ve toplam 18 adet parsel yer almaktadır. Bunlara ilaveten, Araştırma alanında, anızlı geleneksel toprak işleme (Gİ–1), anızları yakılmış geleneksel toprak işleme (Gİ–2), ağır diskli tırmıklı azaltılmış toprak işleme (ATİ–1), rototillerli azaltılmış toprak işleme (ATİ–2), ağır diskli tırmıklı azaltılmış sıfır toprak işleme (ASTİ) ve doğrudan ekimli sıfır toprak işleme (STİ) şeklinde altı farklı toprak işleme yöntemi uygulanmaktadır. Ürün rotasyonu olarak bugüne kadar kışlık bitki olarak her yıl buğday ve yazlık olarak (ikinci ürün) buğday hasadını takiben sırasıyla bir yıl mısır ve bir yıl soya yetiştirilmiştir. Toprak işleme sistemlerinin farklılaşması GEA ve PMN konsantrasyonunun önemli düzeyde farklılaşmasına neden olmuştur. Toprak işleme yoğunluğunun azalması ile birlikte önemli düzeyde artış gösteren GEA konsantrasyonu 44,68 mg PNP kg-1 sa-1 (Gİ-2) ile 207,66 mg PNP kg-1 sa-1 (STİ) arasında değişmiştir. Ancak GEA‘da belirlenen trend PMN‘de tespit edilememiştir. Sıfır toprak işleme altındaki topraklarda PMN konsantrasyonu önemli düzeyde yüksek olmakla birlikte ATİ-1 ile PMN konsantrasyonu bakımından aynı grupta yer almıştır. İşlenmemiş topraklarda PMN konsantrasyonunun daha yüksek olmasının muhtemelen toprak strüktürünün parçalanmaması ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Araştırma sonuçları, azaltılmış ve sıfır toprak işleme sistemlerinin bölgede toprağın kalitesinin arttırılması adına son derece gerekli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Alteration in the Global and Regional Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Myocardial Strain Patterns in Patients with Inferior ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Early and Late after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background: Precise evaluation of regional or global heart contractility is very important for the diagnosis, decision of treatment options, and prognosis of clinical outcomes in the Myocardial Ischemia (MI) and infarction. Aims: Evaluation of the regional or global distortion of Left Ventricle (LV) and Right Ventricle (RV) in cases with Inferior Wall Myocardial Ischemia (IWMI) early and late afterward percutaneous coronary treatment. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Monofia University Hospital during the period from November 2017 till December 2019. The study included patients who presented to the cardiology department with inferior ST Segment Elevation MI (STEMI). Only 40 patients fulfilled the criteria of inclusion and were classified to 2 groups; Group I: include cases suffering from inferior STEMI. Group II (control): 20 healthy volunteer subjects. Results: This study showed that LV global strain were reduced with highly significant value in cases suffering from IWMI prior to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) than in controls (-11.10±1.75 vs -19.84±1.37) P value <0.001 respectively While LV global strain was significantly improved in cases with post-PCI than pre-PCI (-15.86±1.50 vs -11.10 ±1.75) P value < 0.001 respectively. Conclusion: Reperfusion by PCI outcomes in significant recovery of LV and RV global strains, which are at most exist in the infarct and adjacent myocardium of apical and middle segments.