Tight-fitting Garment Research Articles

The 'ideal' dancer: An investigation into predictors of body image dissatisfaction among male dancers, female dancers and their non-dancing counterparts.

Body image dissatisfaction is consistently highlighted as a precursor for eating disorders, arising from several factors. One factor surrounds social expectations of being thin, which can be emphasised in certain physical activities, like dance. Whilst research is available for body image dissatisfaction among female dancers, literature has neglected the male demographic. The present study investigated seven predictors of body image dissatisfaction within male and female dancers, from a variety of genres. The study employed a non-experimental quantitative method, utilising an independent groups correlational design. The role of clothing practices, body ideal internalisation and sociocultural influences were investigated as predictors for body image dissatisfaction. Data from 180 participants (mean age = 23.7, SD = 7.51) was analysed from an online survey. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that the model consisting of all predictors significantly accounted for over 60% of variance in body image dissatisfaction scores within all independent groups. The individual contribution of predictors differed between groups, with clothing practice being the only significant predictor in all four groups. Media pressure was a significant predictor within non-dancer groups only. This research highlights the importance of clothing practices, specifically tight-fitting garments within the dance environment and general population. Future research should investigate potential differences in the predictors between each level of dance.

Investigation of the tissue displacement through textile pressure on soft avatar in Browzwear’s VStitcher software

Nowadays, soft avatars are used in various fields to simulate the behavior of human soft tissues in different applications. Likewise, they are also utilized in the garment industry in order to achieve a realistic testing of the fit and functionality of tight-fitting clothing. Therefore it is important that avatars in CAD programs for clothing conform to the mechanical properties of human soft tissue. The accuracy of the avatars' properties in simulating the change in shape of human tissue is crucial here, which is caused by the contact pressure that compressive or tight-fitting garments exert onto the body. In this study, Browzwear’s VStitcher soft avatar Sofia was investigated and different body shapes resulting from being influenced by a legging with different levels of negative ease values were compared with non-affected natural avatar body shape. The examination of the soft avatar simulation shows that although a fast estimation of the tissue displacement can be predicted, there are some shape changes limitations compared to the natural behavior of human soft tissue.

Influence of compression garments on perceived exertion during maximal isometric exercises

Compression garments have gained popularity in the sports world as a means to enhance athletic performance and accelerate recovery. This study investigates the effectiveness of upper-body compression garments and their impact on the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) during maximal isometric contractions. Eight adult males, students of a Master's degree program in Sports Sciences, participated in the study, conducting tests in controlled conditions at the University of Salerno. The subjects performed maximal isometric contractions in three separate sessions, wearing compression garments (CG), traditional sportswear (noCG), and a tight-fitting garment without compression effect, to minimize the placebo effect (Placebo), respectively. Perceived exertion was assessed using the modified CR-10 scale. Statistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in RPE when athletes wore compression garments compared to other conditions, suggesting a benefit in the use of such clothing. The findings indicate that compression garments can attenuate the perception of exertion during intense physical activities, with potential implications for performance, comfort, and recovery. This study contributes to the existing literature by expanding the understanding of the effects of compression clothing and highlighting the importance of further research to optimize the use of these garments in enhancing athletic performance.

Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabrics Containing Elastane Fibers

Woven fabrics generally have high strength but only limited stretch. This lack of stretch can be overcome by incorporating elastane fibers into the fabric structure. These stretch woven fabrics offer an interesting potential for tight-fitting garments. However, the presence of the elastane fibers may lower the strength of the fabrics. To expand the knowledge on the mechanical behavior of stretch woven fabrics, this study investigated eight commercial fabrics with elastane fiber content between 5 and 51%. Four fabrics were polyester-based and the other four were polyamide-based. The effect of the fabric weight and elastane fiber content on the grab strength, tear strength, and unrecovered stretch was analyzed. It was observed that, at very high elastane fiber content, the load–extension curve was typical to that of an elastane fiber, while the traditional load–extension behavior of woven fabrics with low to average stretch was obtained at lower elastane fiber contents. For the polyester-based fabrics, the grab strength and tear strength generally increased with fabric weight and decreased with elastane fiber content. For the polyamide-based fabrics, a higher elastane fiber content led to a decrease in grab strength, tear strength, and unrecovered stretch. A reduction in tear strength was observed at higher fabric weight.

Exploring the transverse wicking behavior of mechanically robust warp super-elastic woven fabric for tight-fitting garments

The ability of a fabric to wick moisture away from the human body directly determines the moisture management ability of any given textile, and thereby has a great influence on the comfort offered by garments made from that textile. In this paper, the effects of tensile extension and liquid drop height on the transverse wicking behavior of a warp stretch woven fabric were systematically investigated. By virtue of the unique structure of the nylon/spandex air-covered warp yarn, the woven fabric has a denser and tighter surface, which facilitates its warp elastic stretchability beyond 60%. Furthermore, an acceptable cyclic tensile behavior at an extension of 30% was obtained, indicating the superior mechanical robustness of the fabric to a certain extent. The experimental results demonstrated that the transverse wicking performances of the fabric, including the wetting time and liquid spreading area, were dependent on the tensile extensions and the heights between the water droplet and the fabric surface. Specifically, the wetting time increased with an increase of tensile extension or a decrease of liquid drop height. The spreading area of the water droplet increases as a function of the wicking time, and it fits a power relation appropriately. In addition, the water vapor transmission behavior of our fabric during stretch was clarified. Such work is essential to get an in-depth evaluation of the wicking behavior of complex stretchable fabric structures.

Proposal of Method for Estimating Clothing Pressure of Tight-Fitting Garment Made from Highly Elastic Materials: Hybrid Method Using Apparel CAD and Finite Element Analysis Software

Proposal of Method for Estimating Clothing Pressure of Tight-Fitting Garment Made from Highly Elastic Materials: Hybrid Method Using Apparel CAD and Finite Element Analysis Software

Calculating the Percentage of Body Measurement Changes In Dynamic Postures In Order To Provide Fit In Skiwear

The aim of this study is to investigate the local body measurement changes in movements during Alpine skiing and to calculate these changes in "percentages" in order to use in garment pattern preparing process to achieve the best clothing comfort characteristics in alpine skiing suits. For that purpose, an anthropometric measurement study was conducted, which involved measuring 31 male volunteer’s body sizes in static and dynamic postures. Within this context, the sizes to be measured were identified as static and dynamic by specifying the anthropometric landmarks on the body using ISAK (The International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry) practices as the base. It was found that percentage changes in the anterior knee length, anterior leg length, hip length, elbow length and posterior arm length were 43%, 2%, 35%, 40% and 9%, respectively, from the measurements collected from 31 male recreational Alpine skiers. Afterwards, regarding to the obtained data, the three body dimensions such as inseam, back waist rise and sleeve length were re-calculated to use in the preparing of pattern for tight-fitting garments. Ultimately, a base layer thermal bottom’s garment patterns were developed and evaluated using a 3D virtual try-on system. Consequently, it was found that the inseam length and sleeve length should be reduced while the back waist rise needs extra ease allowance. With respect to the virtual fitting, the developed pattern was more fit than the original pattern and had more ability to adapt dynamic postures.

Analysis of Stress and Strain to Determine the Pressure Changes in Tight-Fitting Garment

Abstract Based on the mechanical properties of stretch fabrics and Laplace’s law, the mathematical models have been developed enabling one to determine the values of the relationship between the fabric strain and the circumferential stress depending on pressure and diameter of the body. The results obtained refer to the values of the parameters assessed for the initial phase of their exploitation, which allow us to preliminarily predict the values of these parameters.

Methods of three-dimensional design of tight-fitting garments using digital twins, transition to Industry 4.0

Methods of three-dimensional design of tight-fitting garments using digital twins, transition to Industry 4.0

Estimating Human Body Dimensions Using RBF Artificial Neural Networks Technology and Its Application in Activewear Pattern Making

Nowadays, the popularity of the internet has continuously increased. Predicting human body dimensions intelligently would be beneficial to improve the precision and efficiency of pattern making for enterprises in the apparel industry. In this study, a new predictive model for estimating body dimensions related to garment pattern making is put forward based on radial basis function (RBF) artificial neural networks (ANNs). The model presented in this study was trained and tested using the anthropometric data of 200 adult males between the ages 20 and 48. The detailed body dimensions related to pattern making could be obtained by inputting four easy-to-measure key dimensions into the RBF ANN model. From the simulation results, when spreading parameter σ and momentum factor α were set to 0.012 and 1, the three-layer model with 4, 72, and 8 neurons in the input, hidden, and output layers, respectively, showed maximum accuracy, after being trained by a dataset with 180 samples. Moreover, compared with a classic linear regression model and the back propagation (BP) ANN model according to mean squared error, the predictive performance of the RBF ANN model put forward in this study was better than the other two models. Therefore, it is feasible for the presented predictive model to design garment patterns, especially for tight-fitting garment patterns like activewear. The estimating accuracy of the proposed model would be further improved if trained by more appropriate datasets in the future.

An Anatolian-Persian tomb relief from Gökçeler in Lydia

AbstractThe relief block at the centre of this study was found in 2004 in a ploughed field in the northern region of Lydia near the village of Gökçeler in the district of Akhisar, in what is today the Manisa province. A standing male figure is depicted on the block, which probably belonged to a chamber tomb. Holding a cock and a bud in his hands, stylistically the figure points to a date between the late sixth century BC and the early fifth century BC. He has short, spiral curls and wears a long-sleeved, tight-fitting garment that appears to be influenced by the Persian style. Within the scope of Anatolian-Persian funerary reliefs, this example is particularly significant due to its typological and iconographical elements. Specifically, following comparisons with other works of the Persian period, it is possible to suggest that the figure on the Gökçeler relief is an African who is offering a gift to the tomb owner; the latter may have been Persian or have served a Persian. Thus, this relief has particular significance since it is the only known work of Anatolian-Persian sculpture which indicates that individuals of African origin lived in the Anatolian region under Persian rule.

Collaborative 3D-To-2D Tight-Fitting Garment Pattern Design Process For Scoliotic People

This paper presents a virtual design process for a tight-fitting garment pattern for adapted consumer garments, aimed at consumers with scoliosis. The design process proposed is based on a virtual human model created using a 3D scanner, allowing simulation of the morphological shape of an individual with atypical physical deformations. Customized 2D and 3D virtual garment prototyping tools are used in combination to create products through interactions between the consumer, designer and pattern maker. After following an interactive sequence: Scanning – Design – Display – Evaluation – Adjustment, a final design solution acceptable to both the designer and consumer can be obtained. Through this process, traditional 2D garment design knowledge, especially design rules influenced by the fabric information, is fully utilized to support the design process proposed. Using the knowledge based collaborative design process, design satisfaction can be largely improved.

Styling Evolution for Tight-Fitting Garments.

We present an evolution method for designing the styling curves of garments. The procedure of evolution is driven by aesthetics-inspired scores to evaluate the quality of styling designs, where the aesthetic considerations are represented in the form of streamlines on human bodies. A dual representation is introduced in our platform to process the styling curves of designs, based on which robust methods for realizing the operations of evolution are developed. Starting from a given set of styling designs on human bodies, we demonstrate the effectiveness of set evolution inspired by aesthetic factors. The evolution is adaptive to the change of aesthetic inspirations. By this adaptation, our platform can automatically generate new designs fulfilling the demands of variations in different human bodies and poses.

Thermal Comfort Evaluation of Equestrian Body Protectors Using a Sweating Manikin

Body protectors in horse-riding are characterized by a specific tight-fitting garment construction, and by sophisticated materials focused on body protection against impacts, such as falls and kicks from the horse. Both construction and materials affect the heat transfer between the human body and the environment, and add extra burden to the rider's metabolic heat production that has already been increased by the sport activity. With the above considered, this study investigated the application of warp-knitted spacer fabrics as a substitute for conventionally used foam inserts. Using the thermal manikin test method, the thermal properties of equestrian body protectors based on conventional foam, on spacer fabrics, and on combinations of both had been measured and evaluated. In addition, the Transplanar water transport tester was used to assess the liquid transport properties of the applied protective materials. The results of the study support the usability of warp-knitted spacer fabrics in impact-protective clothing.

휴대용 심전도 기기와 직물형 전극을 이용한 생체정보 측정용 밀착 의복 개발

A Holter monitor is used for ECG monitoring of ambulatory daily life in hospital. However, the use of this apparatus causes skin allergies and discomfort in patients because of the attachment gel and tapes used to attach disposable electrodes to the skin. In this study, the development of tight-fitting clothing connected to a portable Holter monitor was proposed. In addition, the use of conductive fabrics as electrodes was proposed; this will enable the use of garments in u-health care for measuring ECG signals. The male subjects were university students in the ages of 20 to 24. Subjective wear sensations of the experimental garments were rated using seven Likert scales. A Likert type scale was used for the evaluation and a 7 point score indicates that it provided the best fit as a tight-fitting upper clothing. Clothing pressure was measured using an air-pack-type pressure sensor (model AMI 3037-2) at 4 locations (the conductive fabric electrode) As results, a male basic sloper for upper clothing was developed and that pattern was manipulated to the tight fit pattern by considering the reduction rate of the percentage stretch in the fabric. The developed tight-fitting garment was superior in terms of subjective sensation and 6t. The mean pressure of the garment with reduction rates of 40% in width and of 50% in length was 8.45gf/. A conductive fabric electrode was developed by considering the sewing method and the developed electrode was detected well. The ECG data were recorded for 13 hr 19 min 44 sec and the artifacts in the ECG signals were recorded for 9 hr 3 min 46 sec (total time: 22 hr 23 min 23 sec). The artifacts data were obtained during heavy activities.

신축성 원단의 축소율과 의복압에 대한 기초 연구

Clothing pressure is closely connected with the degree of comfort of an athlete's tight-fitting garments. Therefore, the construction of sports garments is very important to the wearer's athletic performance. In this study, the fundamental relationship between the reduction rates of stretch fabrics and clothing pressure was explored with the aim of improving clothing comfort and obtaining a systematic pattern reduction for women's tight-fitting bodysuits. A women's bodysuit pattern was obtained by the draping method using a dressform. The basic pattern was divided into four parts and changed into reduced pattems according to the amount of fabric stretch determined by ASTM D2594. Clothing pressure was measured using an air-pack-type pressure sensor (model AMI 3037-2) at 20 locations (shoulder, 9 locations; bust, 5; and armhole, 6). Among the 15 garments tested, the mean pressure of the A1 bodysuit was 4.60 <TEX>$gf/cm^2$</TEX>, and that of the C5 bodysuit was 22.98 <TEX>$gf/cm^2$</TEX>. The mean pressures of the bodysuits with reduction rates of 10% and 20% were below 10 <TEX>$gf/cm^2$</TEX>, while those of suits with reduction rates of 30%,40%, and 50% (except C5) were below 20 <TEX>$gf/cm^2$</TEX>. The pressure at the shoulder was 9.50<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>32.24 <TEX>$gf/cm^2$</TEX>, which was higher than that at the bust (3.34<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>24.56 <TEX>$gf/cm^2$</TEX>) and the armhole (0.95<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>12.15 <TEX>$gf/cm^2$</TEX>). The mean pressures of the 15 bodysuits were divided into five groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and were found to be significantly different (p<0.001). Regression analysis afforded the following expression: mean pressure (<TEX>$gf/cm^2$</TEX>) = 1.607 + 0.369[reduction rate (%)].

인체의 동작을 고려한 스케이트 팬츠 패턴 개발

The construction of an athlete's tight-fitting garments is very important to the wearer in terms of athletic performance. Therefore pattern development of tight-fitting garments must allow for the full range of human movement and postures. In this study the relationship between the construction of a skate pants pattern and clothing fitting was explored with the aim of improving the comfort of the clothing. The four male subjects were university students between the ages of 20 to 24. Subjective wear sensations of the experimental garments were rated using a seven-point Likert scale on four consecutive days. While wearing the garments, subjects were asked to take five different postures including waist flexion, sitting and others. A Likert-type scale was used for the evaluation, with 7 points indicating the best fit in tight-fitting pants. Results showed differences in the front-rise length and back-rise length between basic pants(A) and modified pants(B,C,D) were -5.16cm and +5.64cm. Comparing the basic pants pattern(A) with modified pants pattern(B), the latter was superior to basic pants(A) in terms of pressure sensation and closeness of fit, but there was no significant difference. Among the four tight-fitting skate pants, A and B pants were superior to the others in terms of fitting and stability of waist and hip sections. In the case of the skate pants, the number of cutting lines in the pattern had an influence on clothing comfort. A minimum cutting line for tight skate pants was better than a maximum cutting line in terms of clothing comfort.

Meralgia Paresthetica Due to Body Armor Wear in U.S. Soldiers Serving in Iraq: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Meralgia paresthetica is a disorder of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve that results in symptoms of anterolateral thigh paresthesias and dysesthesias without associated loss of reflexes or motor weakness. Chronic meralgia paresthetica, not related to traumatic or lesion-producing compression of the nerve, is associated with obesity, pregnancy, tight-fitting garments, as well as specific duty uniform belts used by police officers and carpenters. Cases are presented in which two U.S. soldiers in Iraq experienced symptoms of meralgia paresthetica, most likely due to repetitive wear of protective body armor. Although use of protective body armor is proven to be lifesaving, modifications to improve current equipment may help to decrease morbidities such as meralgia paresthetica.

3D pattern construction and its application to tight-fitting garments for comfortable pressure sensation

Tight-fitting clothing pattern reflecting the accurate information of the 3D body shape has been one of the challenges for garment industry, however, fitting problems still exist. The objectives of the paper is to develop a 2D pattern which fits tightly to the 3D human scan data for sports suits that need comfort and function for maximum performance. In this study, the user graphic interface application software for the semi-automatic garment pattern generation has been implemented using the triangle simplification scheme together with 2D projections of free-falling of 3D surface polygons keeping the original 3D surface area preservation. A typical application of the developed pattern to the functional body suits is presented and verification of the proposed method is also provided.

Desinfizierende Behandlung von Textilien zur Rezidivprophylaxe bei vulvovaginalen Candidosen

Fragestellung: Vulvovaginale Candidosen können zu einer mykotischen Kontamination eng anliegender Körpertextilien führen, von denen nach erfolgreicher Therapie Rezidive ausgehen können. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es zu klären, ob durch den haushaltsüblichen Waschprozeß eine ausreichende Reinigung kontaminierter Textilien zu erzielen ist.