Tiger Shrimp Penaeus Monodon Fabricius Research Articles

Variation of Water Quality in Intensive Aquaculture Areas of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

The Mekong Delta produces about 70 % of Vietnam's national aquaculture output, and water quality management is a key factor in maintaining high levels of production and profitability. Effective water management strategies depend on understanding the spatial and temporal variations in water quality along major waterways. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatial and temporal fluctuation of water quality in the waterways of five provinces with intensive aquaculture operations in the Mekong Delta. The study sites included two inland provinces (An Giang and Can Tho) where striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878), is farmed, and three coastal provinces (Soc Trang, Bac Lieu, and Ca Mau) where white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), and black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798, are cultured. At each sampling site, physicochemical parameters were monitored for 12 months on the main rivers which supply water to aquaculture systems. Water quality data were analysed and compared based on the coefficient of variation (CV), Pearson correlation coefficients to identify relationships among variables and principal component analysis (PCA) to identify 2–3 key parameters having the most significant influence on spatial and temporal variation in water quality in each province. BOD, COD, PO4 3-, S2-, NO2 - and NO3 - were highly variable (CV 40–120 %). Significant interrelationships ranged from -0.5 to 0.5 between many water quality parameters. Overall, water in most provinces was considered polluted. However, the water quality parameters, except for S2- and NO2 - , were within acceptable levels specified by National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality for Protection of Aquatic Life.

Diversity of Vibrio Species’ and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 Cultured in South-West Region of Bangladesh

Diversity of Vibrio Species’ and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 Cultured in South-West Region of Bangladesh

A new record of a tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 breeding female in the coast of Campeche, Mexico

The tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon is native to the Indo-West Pacific Ocean, covering the east coast of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Southeast Asia, Taiwan, China, the Sea of Japan, New Guinea and Australia. A new report was recorded on the capture in the wild of a female tiger shrimp P. monodon in conditions of reproductive maturity on the coast of Campeche in the Gulf of Mexico. The specimen was captured by a trawler operating near the coast of Campeche, in front of Carmen Island. The specimen was identified using dichotomous keys, additionally corroborated with analysis of the sequence of a fragment of 650 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI), and compared with the sequence of P. monodon reported in GenBank. The specimen was deposited in the National Collection of Crustaceans of the Institute of Biology of the UNAM. Histological analysis of the gonads revealed that the organism was in a reproductive condition as ovaries contained oocytes in an advanced development state. The molecular data (sequenced fragments F and R) were identical with the COI sequence of P. monodon deposited in GenBank, thus confirming the presence of P. monodon from the coasts of Isla del Carmen, Campeche.

Presence of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 (Penaeidae) in the Egyptian commercial shrimp catch, Alexandria, Egypt

Two incidences of the appearance of the giant tiger shrimp in the Egyptian commercial catch were recorded from Abou Qir Bay, on the East of Alexandria City, Egypt. The first was during September and October 2016 and was represented by 4 alive specimens. The second was during December 2018 and was represented by 15 alive specimens. Morphological characters are given with distribution and coloration for the present species. The results showed that the total length (TL) ranged from 176.8 to 180.2 mm, the carapace length (CL) of adult females ranged in size from 68.4 to 71.5 mm, and body weight (BW) ranged from 107 to 187 g. While, the adult males had TL ranging from 163.4 to 177.2 mm, CL ranged between 51.4 and 63.6 mm, and body BW ranged from 59 to 119 g. The collected female specimens were all with maturing ovaries. The low number of specimens collected of the tiger shrimp and the fact that there is no record of juvenile specimens may suggest that the invasion is still in its early stages. This is the first record for this exotic species Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798) in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea off Alexandria City, Egypt.

Effect of partial replacement of marine protein and oil sources in presence of lyso-lecithin in the diet of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1978

<p>A 42-days growth trail was performed to evaluate the effect of lyso-lecithin in <em>Penaeus monodon</em> (5.08±0.08 g) in terms of growth and carcass fatty acid composition. Three iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets were prepared by partially replacing both marine protein and oil sources using plant based ingredients in the presence of soy-lecithin or lyso-lecithin. Each experimental diet was randomly allotted to three tanks with fifteen shrimps per tank and all the tanks were equipped with the flow-through system. Results revealed that shrimp fed diet with lyso-lecithin had significantly (p<0.05) higher specific growth rate, SGR (2.15) and daily growth coefficient, DGC (1.44) than those fed soy-lecithin (1.91 and 1.25 respectively). The growth pattern, feed and protein efficiency measures were not only better with lyso-lecithin compared to soy-lecithin and also on par with the control group. However, there was no significant difference in survival (82.22 to 84.44%) between the dietary treatments. The fatty acid composition of diets to a certain extent was reflected in the carcass composition of shrimp. The most essential fatty acids <em>viz.,</em> eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were significantly (p<0.05) higher in shrimp fed lyso-lecithin supplemented diet. Present results suggest that lyso-lecithin enhances growth performance of <em>P. monodon</em> and carcass fatty acid composition compared to soy-lecithin due to its high emulsification properties with partial replacement of marine sources.</p>

Recently established Asian tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 consume juvenile blue crabs Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 and polychaetes in a laboratory diet-choice experiment

Recently established Asian tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 consume juvenile blue crabs Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 and polychaetes in a laboratory diet-choice experiment

Ocorrência do Camarão Tigre-Gigante Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) na Plataforma Continental Piauiense

This study aimed to report the first occurrence of giant asian tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 in Piaui coast. A unique example was captured in March 2015 by a shrimp fishing boat. In the laboratory the specimen was identified, sexed, weighed and measured in carapace length (CL), post-orbital length (POL) and length (TL). The exemplary captured it is a female with 298.45 g, 316.20 mm (TL), 133.85 mm (CL) and 90.10 mm (POL) and was found in the depth range of 4 to 6 meters in latitude: 02°50'51.1S and longitude: 041°40'03.9W. Keywords: Bioinvasion; Penaeus monodom ; Piaui Continental Shelf.

Experimental culture of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 in open sea floating cage

An experiment was designed and conducted to assess the feasibility for culture of Penaeus monodon in 6 m dia HDPE circular floating cage, installed at 10-12 m depth off Visakhapatnam in the Bay of Bengal. The cage was fixed with three cylindrical nets; inner net of 2 mm mesh (6 m dia×5.5 m height) to rear post-larvae from stock to 80th day; middle net of 10 mm mesh (6 m×5.5 m) to rear juveniles from day 81 onwards and an outer net of 40 mm mesh (8 m dia×4.5 m height) to prevent entry of predators. Post-larvae (PL23) of P. monodon (mean total length 16.1±3.8 mm), were stocked in the cage at a density of 1179 PL m-3). Bottom water parameters viz., salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and ammonia (NH3-N) recorded in the cage site during the culture period were 34-35 ppt, 26-32°C, 3.9-4.6 ml l-1, 8.1-8.3 and 0.05-0.07 mg l-1, respectively. Shrimp feed varying in size suitable to different growth stages, was used during the trial. Feed was given twice during the first 20 days and thrice during 21-99 days. Feeding rate per day ranged from 133.3% of the biomass of shrimp at stocking time to 3.1% of the biomass of shrimp at preharvest. P. monodon registered a growth rate of 0.87 mm (TL)/0.018 g (wt) per day during first 30 days; 0.89 mm/0.069 g per day during 31-60 days and 0.37 mm/0.051 g per day during 61-90 days. On day 100, about 207 kg of shrimp (production rate, 1.62 kg m-3) was harvested and the mean size of harvested shrimp was 81.54±15.20 mm TL/4.50±2.80 g wt. Survival recorded was 31.4% and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 3.97. Present study demonstrated the possibility for culture of P. monodon in open sea floating cage. The possible causes for low survival and high FCR are discussed.

Experimental culture of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 in open sea floating cage

Experimental culture of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 in open sea floating cage

First record of the nonindigenous Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 (Penaeidae) in the Caribbean Sea of Costa Rica, Central America, with observations on selected aspects of its reproductive biology

This contribution reports, for the first time, the presence of the giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 on the northern Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. This closed-thelycum penaeid species is originally from the Indo-West Pacific, and it has been reported from other regions of the Western Central Atlantic; however, the reproductive biology of this species has not been examined in its non-native range. Adult females and adult males were captured by local fishermen near the Colorado River mouth during September and October 2014; animals were preserved in ethanol for further identification, and an evaluation of reproductive condition was conducted based on visual and histological staging of ovaries. Terminal ampoules of males were analyzed histologically to document spermatogenic activity. The specimens examined exhibited ovarian maturation, spermatophore production, and evidence of successful mating. The presence of this species can affect food chains and disturb ecosystem function and structure and locations where it is not native, which can, in turn, threaten ecosystem services to people dependent on this ecosystem for their livelihood.

Immunomodulatory and Growth Promoting Effects of Peptidoglycan Supplementation in Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius 1798

Immunomodulatory and Growth Promoting Effects of Peptidoglycan Supplementation in Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius 1798

Presence of giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 on the Mexican coast of the Gulf of Mexico

Between June 2012 and January 2013, nine specimens of the giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 were caught off the Mexican Gulf coast. The average total length of these specimens was 28.1 cm. This is the first record of this invasive shrimp on the Mexican Gulf coast. The appearance of this shrimp species is a concern because of the effects it could produce on the Gulf coast ecosystem.

Photobacterium damselae ssp. damselae associated with diseased black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius in India

To characterize and identify Photobacterium damselae ssp. damselae present in black gill diseased Penaeus monodon collected from east coast of India. Photobacterium damselae ssp. damselae was isolated from hepatopancreas, muscles and gills by using the thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar supplemented with 1.5% NaCl (TCBS-1) medium. A total of 32 Ph. damselae ssp. damselae isolates were studied together with two reference strains. The biochemical tests and analysis of ureC and 16S rRNA genes confirmed the phenotypic characterization of the isolates as Ph damselae ssp. damselae. Experimental infection studies revealed that the LD50 values of P. monodon and P. indicus ranged from 2x10(3) to 5x10(5) CFU per shrimp and from 4x10(2) to 2x10(4) CFU per shrimp, respectively. Photobacterium damselae ssp. damselae was found in the internal organs of P. monodon and it showed pathogenic to shrimp. This is the first study on the Ph. damselae ssp. damselae present in the black gill diseased P. monodon in India and therefore might serve as a basis for future studies and diagnosis purpose to shrimp culturists.

Pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, and the effect of cooking on residues

AbstractThis study examined the pharmacokinetics andbioavailability of oxolinic acid (OA) in black tigershrimpPenaeus monodon Fabricius,inbrackishwater(salinity 10gL 1 )at28^291C, after intra-sinus (10mgkg 1 ) and oral (50mgkg ) administration andalso investigated the net changes of OA residuesin the shrimp after cooking (boiling, baking andfrying).The haemolymph concentrations of OAafterintra-sinusdosingwerebestdescribedbyatwo-com-partment open model.The distribution and elimina-tion half-lives were 0.84 and17.7h respectively. Theapparent volume of distributionata steadystate andthe total body clearance were estimated to be2061mL kg 1 and 90.1mLkg h respectively.Thebioavailabilityof OAafteranoraladministrationwas 7.9%. The peak haemolymph concentration,the time to peak haemolymph concentration andthe elimination half-life after oral administrationwere 4.20mgmL 1 ,4h and19.8h respectively. Oxo-linic acid muscle and shell levels increased to amaximum (muscle1.76 mgg 1 and shell 8.17mgg )at 4h post administration and then decreased withthe elimination half-life value of 20.2 and 21.9hrespectively. Residual OA in muscle and shell wasreduced by 20^30% by each cooking procedureexamined.Keywords: pharmacokinetics, oxolinicacid, Pena-eus monodon, black tiger shrimp, bioavailability,cookingIntroductionIn Southeast Asia, intensive shrimp farming has de-veloped rapidly inthelast decade. Blacktiger shrimpPenaeusmonodon Fabriciusisaneconomicallyimpor-tant export inThailand, and the greater part of pro-ductionis consumedbytheUSAandJapan.Recently,diseases caused byVibrio bacteria are a serious pro-blem causing economic damage to theThai shrimpindustry.Toreduce diseaseproblems, awide range ofchemotherapeutics has been used. The use of che-motherapeuticdrugs in shrimpfarmingcan haveanimpact on the aquatic environment and potentiallycause health risks because of drug residues in theshrimpsoldforconsumption.Oneofthemajorenvir-onmental eiects by using antibacterial agents isdevelopment of bacterial resistance. Therefore, theproperuseofdrugsisstronglyrecommendedtoavoidsuch problems. Knowledge of pharmacokinetics andresidue depletion is important to minimize humanrisk associated with drug residues and the environ-mental impactof thedrugs.Currently,oxolinicacid(OA)isthemostcommonlyused agent in Thai shrimp culture farms. The phar-macokineticpro¢leofOAhaspreviouslybeenstudiedin rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)(Bj˛rklundBHustvedtSKlei-now, Jarboe, Shoemaker & Greenless 1994), Atlanticsalmon Salmo salar L. (Hustvedt, Salte & Vassvik1991;Rogstad,EllingsenSMartinsen& Horsberg1995; Samuelsen, Ervik, Pursell & Smith2000),channelcat¢shIctaluruspunctatusL.(Kleinow

Mycoflora of the 'green water' culture system of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius

This study was conducted to quantify and characterize the mycoflora associated with the ‘green water’ culture system of Penaeus monodon. Samples of water, tilapia gut and mucus, and shrimp hepatopancreas from three shrimp farms were collected during 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of culture (DOC). Results showed that high fungal loads were observed in tilapia gut (total: 117–1352 colony forming unit (CFU) 5 cm hind gut−1; yeasts: 0–136 CFU 5 cm hind gut−1) and mucus (total: 12–311 CFU (5 cm2)−1; yeasts: 0–88 CFU (5 cm2)−1), while minimal fungal populations were observed in water samples (total: 0–110CFU mL−1; yeasts: 0–5 CFU ml−1). Shrimp hepatopancreas harboured a very low number of filamentous fungi (0–27 CFU 0.1 g−1) and yeasts (0–7CFU 0.1 g−1) especially at 60 DOC. The filamentous fungal isolates were dominated by Penicillium and Aspergillus species, while the yeast populations were dominated by Rhodotorula and Saccharomyces species. The dominance of these fungi on tilapia mucus and gut and their presence in the rearing water might play an important role in the overall mechanisms involved in the control of luminous Vibrio in the ‘green water’ grow-out culture of P. monodon.

Fish predation on mangrove-associated penaeids: The role of structures and substrate

The effect of habitat structure and substratum on predation of the greasyback shrimp Metapenaeus ensis (De Haan), white shrimp Penaeus merguiensis De Man and tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius by sea bass Lates calcarifer Bloch and mangrove snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskal) was evaluated. The shrimp juveniles measured 6–15 mm in carapace length; fish measured 6.5–12.5 cm in standard length; structure types were pneumatophores of the mangrove Sonneratia griffithii Kurz and dried coconut leaf bracts; structure densities were 0, 32 and 98 pneumatophores per tank; and sediment particle sizes were pebbles, sand-granules and silt–sand.Predation on shrimp was significantly higher in controls or bare sand (48.7%) than among pneumatophores (29.9%), but not among leaf bracts (43.5%). Shrimp mortality was also significantly higher on bare sand (72.9%) compared to medium-density (54.2%), but not high-density (68.8%), pneumatophores. Fish predation on the burying shrimp M. ensis was affected by predator type but not by sediment size. The generally higher predation rates of snapper may be due to their habit of leaving unconsumed pieces of shrimp, whereas sea bass which devour whole prey require fewer shrimp to reach satiation. Moreover, the presence of structures did not affect sea bass behaviour of chasing prey among pneumatophores and under leaf bracts, but reduced predation by the relatively passive snapper. Predation rates among pneumatophores vs. control, and among medium-density pneumatophores vs. bare sand, were lower for P. monodon but not P. merguiensis. This may be related to the greater and more frequent use of (laboratory) shelters by juvenile tiger shrimp compared to white shrimp. The results demonstrate that the effective provision of shelter depends not only on structure type and density but on the behaviour of predator and prey as well. The use of mangrove structures (pneumatophores) by juvenile shrimp as refuge from predation is also documented for the first time.

Methionine requirement of juvenile tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary requirement of postlarval Penaeus monodon for the sulfur-containing amino acid methionine. Shrimp postlarvae (mean weight 21 ± 0.3 mg) were reared in 40-1 fiberglass tanks in a flow-through seawater system. Test diets (37% protein and 360 kcal per 100 g diet) were formulated containing casein-gelatin as protein sources and supplemented with crystalline amino acids to simulate the amino acid pattern in shrimp tissue protein except methionine. The diets contained graded levels of methionine at a range of 0.72–1.12% of the diet or 2.0–3.0% of protein. In diet preparation, the crystalline amino acids were pre-coated with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to reduce leaching. Diets were further coated with CMC, cornstarch, and κ-carrageenan to improve water stability and the diet pH was kept at 7.0–7.2 by neutralization with 6N NaOH. Shrimp were fed the diets at 25–30% of their biomass thrice daily. At termination of the feeding experiment, various parameters including growth, survival, and feed conversion efficiency were determined and nutritional deficiency signs noted. The methionine requirement was determined from the relationship between weight gain and dietary methionine level using the broken-line regression method. The requirement of P. monodon postlarvae for methionine was 0.89% of the diet or 2.4% of protein. In a diet containing 0.41% cystine, the total sulfur amino acid requirement (methionine + cystine) would be 1.3% of the diet or 3.5% of protein. This requirement is slightly lower than the methionine level present in shrimp tissue protein.