China Ties Research Articles

China Ties with Iran and Saudi Arabia: A Critical Analysis of Changing Dynamics in Persian Gulf

The complex ties between China and two important Middle Eastern nations Iran and Saudi Arabia are examined in this article. It looks at what China does similar to and differently from each partner, focusing on the supposed guiding principles of non-interference and economic cooperation. The research highlights Saudi Arabia and Iran's crucial roles in China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) by outlining the diplomatic maneuver’s, economic agreements, and energy collaborations that Beijing forges with the two nations. Analysis of China's Strategies in Comparison: Maintaining Neutrality in Diverse Interests while Balancing Saudi Arabian and Iranian Geopolitics Aside from the country's political and security issues, the world's rising superpower offers a chances for strategic partnerships, economic growth, and investment. The article examines China's long-term strategic objectives in the area with an emphasis on increased influence and cooperation. The article explores the wider geopolitical ramifications for Middle Eastern stability and international relations of China's strengthening relations with Saudi Arabia and Iran. It emphasizes China's function as a regional stabilizing force and draws attention to the possibility of changes in regional power dynamics and international strategic alignments. China's aspirations to become a global power are becoming more apparent through its interactions with Saudi Arabia and Iran, which will have a big impact on international relations and world stability.

Foreign Linkage of Insurgent’s Groups in the North East India: A study on National Social Council of Nagaland and United Liberation Front of Assam

This study looks at the complex networks of foreign assistance, drug and weapon smuggling, and insurgency activity in Northeast India, especially in the states of Assam and Nagaland. It draws attention to the important role that outside parties, such as intelligence services and nearby nations, play in maintaining these illicit activities. Examined are China's ties to Pakistan and its role in backing rebel organizations in the area. Illustrative instances include the division within the Naga movement, smuggling routes, and the recent arm seizures in Bangladesh. To improve security and stability in Northeast India, addressing these issues calls for regional collaboration, intelligence sharing, and initiatives to stop the trafficking in illegal weapons and drugs.

Elite Consensus and Balancing: A Neoclassical Realist Perspective on Pakistan–China Ties

Classical realism believes in the primacy of systemic pressures as independent variable and suggests states to choose appropriate balancing policies as dependent variable. However, this complex causal chain requires the role of intervening variables, which the neoclassical realist theory offers. This article employs the neoclassical realist perspective to the unexplored case of Pakistan–China ties from 1972 to 2018 presenting a causal chain that explains elite consensus as the intervening variable between the perceived Indian threat and the preference of Pakistani decision-makers for strong Pakistan–China bond. This article presents the theoretical perspective, perceived Indian threat, the balancing options available to Pakistan and elite typology. We conclude by presenting the contribution of elite consensus in Pakistan’s choice for forging closer ties with China as an appropriate balancing strategy against the perceived Indian threat specifically and external threats in general.

Chemist Charles Lieber avoids further prison time for lying about China ties

Chemist Charles Lieber avoids further prison time for lying about China ties

Widowhood, social networks, and mental health among Chinese older adults: The moderating effects of gender.

This study aimed to examine the three-way interaction between widowhood, social ties, and gender and its effects on older adults' mental health, including depressive symptoms and life satisfaction, in the context of China. Participants were 7,601 Chinese older adults. Their social network was divided between family and friendship ties, and their mental health was measured by depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Linear regression was employed to analyze the associations between widowhood, social networks, and mental health, as well as to explore the moderating effect of gender. Widowhood is associated with more depressive symptoms, but not with life satisfaction, while family and friendship ties are associated with less depressive symptoms and greater life satisfaction. Furthermore, the lack of family ties is associated with more depressive symptoms for widowed men compared to married older men, while it is associated with lower life satisfaction for widowed women compared to married older women. Family ties are the most important social support resource for Chinese older adults, especially for the widowed group. The vulnerability of older widowed men who lack family ties in China deserves public concern and attention.

Relational peace versus pacific primacy: Configuring US strategy for Asia's regional order

AbstractThis article challenges the presumption that American commitment to the greater Indo‐Pacific region has positive effects on regional stability. It argues that the degree to which America's strategic choices in Asia embrittle or consolidate peace depends on how they intersect with relational configurations of regional order. An accommodative strategy of restraint and mutual threat reduction offers the greatest stability with the least risk either when China's ties to a unified Asia are predatory or when Asia is fractured but China's ties to it are cooperative. A balance‐of‐power strategy offers the greatest stability and least risk when China's ties to a fractured Asia are confrontational or predatory. And an institutional strategy offers the greatest stability with the least risk when China enjoys broadly cooperative ties to Asia regardless of whether Asian states are unified or fractured. Crucially, a strategy of primacy or containment embrittles regional peace because it conflicts with every foreseeable configuration of relational order. America's role as a Pacific Power should adapt to local relational conditions if it is to serve the greater purpose of regional peace.

ВКЛАД РУССКОЙ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПЕВЧЕСКОЙ ШКОЛЫ В СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ГО ШУЧЖЕНЬ — ЗВЕЗДЫ ОПЕРНОГО ОЛИМПА КИТАЯ

The article is devoted to the period when Guo Shuzhen (born 1928), an outstanding representative of the Chinese vocal school, studied at the Moscow Conservatory. The author defines the moments contributing to the formation of European vocal training branch in China, and describes the first teachers who emigrated from Russia in 1919 and became the founders of the first vocal schools in Shanghai and Harbin. The versatile activity of Guo Shuzhen, a chamber and opera singer raised by the Moscow Conservatory school, is briefly characterized. The main goal is to consider the stages of the formation of Guo Shuzhen’s creative personality in the context of the emerging pedagogical ties in China and the USSR and their subsequent intensive development. The materials of Guo Shujen’s personal file from the Archive of the Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory presented new, unknown in China, information on the years of her studies. Especially significant is the conclusion of Professor E. Katulskaya in the pre-graduate period: “Guo Shuzhen has outstanding professional qualities and is a trained singer for successful work in the opera theatre, as well as for concert work”. For the first time the scale of Guo Shuzhen’s opera and concert practice during the years of her study is illuminated: from participation in opera studio performances to patron concerts all over the USSR, as well as participation in opera productions of different years, performing the roles of Tatiana, Cio-Cio-San and others. The article pays special attention to graduates of the Central Beijing Conservatory who passed through the brightly individual school created by Guo Shuzhen and considers the multifaceted activities of Guo Shuzhen in China.

Strategic Consequences of Democratic Backsliding: The Trump Effect on Firm Regulatory Risk

We demonstrate that democratic backsliding – the gradual erosion of political institutions in advanced democracies as a result of rising populism – generates regulatory risks for firms. Populist regimes undermine apolitical regulatory norms and practices by selectively targeting their opponents. Using a sample of all publicly traded U.S. firms over the 2009-2019 period, we find that, after the shock election of Donald Trump to the American presidency, firms with more business ties in China – a clear subject of Trump’s populist rhetoric – faced greater regulatory scrutiny from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. This effect was even more pronounced for firms operating in technologically intensive industries, which were also targeted by Trump, and for firms that were politically positioned closer to the Democratic Party.

Beyond ‘Indo-Pacific’ as a buzzword: Learning from China’s BRI experience

ABSTRACT This exploratory article is interested in how transnational foreign policy ideas are shaped and institutionalised. One such idea that has re-emerged more prominently since the early 2000s is that of the ‘Indo-Pacific’ that covers the geoeconomic landscape of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The question is whether such a concept can exist beyond white papers and the current environment of US–China competition. In order to understand how transnational concepts become embedded and promoted, the example of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) – not only as the perceived anti-thesis to the Indo-Pacific but also as a relatively successful concept in Africa–China ties – will be examined. While there is no strict formula for the success of foreign policy ideas that go on to become institutionalised, it is of interest to understand the elements and contexts that bring about concept durability beyond their initial formation.

Reciprocity in Political Network: Hometown Ties and Intercity Investment in China

Reciprocity in Political Network: Hometown Ties and Intercity Investment in China

ТОРГОВО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И КИТАЙСКОЙ НАРОДНОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ

Subject / topic. In the context of the intensification of the struggle for leadership between the United States and China, the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions for Russia, the task of strengthening the strategic partnership of the Russian Federation with the People’s Republic of China, expanding trade and economic ties between Russia and China becomes especially urgent. Goals/objectives. Assess the impact of the prospects for expanding trade and economic ties between Russia and China in the context of US anti-Chinese activities in the confrontation with China and the intensification of the struggle for leadership between the US and China and the imposition of anti-Russian sanctions. Methodology. The paper analyzes the prospects for expanding trade and economic ties between Russia and China in the context of economic relations between the countries of the «strategic triangle» Russia-China-USA. Results. Based on statistical data on the volume of foreign trade between Russia and China in 2021- 2022. an approach is proposed to analyze the prospects for expanding trade and economic ties between Russia and China in the context of anti-Russian sanctions, anti-Chinese activities of the United States in confrontation with China and the intensification of the struggle for leadership between the United States and China, which determine the interdependence of the countries of the «strategic triangle» Russia-China-USA . Discussion/application. The proposed approach to assessing the prospects for expanding foreign trade between Russia and China in the context of anti-Russian sanctions, anti-Chinese activities of the United States in confrontation with China and the intensification of the struggle for leadership between the United States and China allows us to predict the development of relations between the countries of the «strategic triangle» Russia-China-USA. Conclusions/relevance. The results of assessing the prospects for expanding foreign trade between Russia and China in the context of anti-Russian sanctions, the intensification of the struggle for leadership between the US and China in the context of relations between the countries of the «strategic triangle» Russia- China-USA can be used to substantiate recommendations to the leadership of our country. It is concluded that the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China are important strategic partners for each other.

How important is English, Mandarin, and Cantonese for getting a job? Exploring employers’ perceptions of linguistic capital in Hong Kong

As a global city, English proficiency in Hong Kong is seen as a form of cultural capital in everyday life, particularly in the labor market. Studies have substantiated that in Hong Kong, white privilege is evident, as can be seen in that white people are more likely to occupy managerial positions and have higher pay than members of other ethnic groups. After returning to China’s rule in 1997, however, with an increasing flow of migrants from mainland China and closer ties to the Chinese market, Mandarin has gradually gained importance. Taking a field experiment comparing the callback rates received by three distinctive groups of applicants: Whites (Anglo-Saxons), local Hong Kongers, and mainland Chinese, as well as interviews with human resource managers and employers in finance-related industries, this study finds that whiteness and English proficiency are being overestimated while the importance of Cantonese and Mandarin are underestimated by job applicants in Hong Kong. This article contributes to the literature on ethnicity, language, and hiring practice in showing how different linguistic capitals associated with ethnicity are evaluated from employers’ perspectives.

The power of Bollywood: A study on opportunities, challenges, and audiences’ perceptions of Indian cinema in China

India has long been known for its prestigious Mumbai-based film industry, namely Bollywood, and remains by far the largest producer of films in the world. With the growing global reach of Indian cinema, this study looks at an intriguing Indian-film fever over the last decade in the newly discovered market of China. Through examining key factors that make Indian films appealing to Chinese and exploring the opportunities and challenges of Indian cinema in China, this article draws upon insights gained from the narratives of local audiences. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with 32 Indian-film audiences residing across 14 different cities in mainland China. Thematic analysis identified the following five appealing factors, which explain why the Chinese enjoy Indian films: content-driven story, social values, star power, audience reviews and cultural connections. While a comprehensive list of opportunities was derived showing the potential future of Bollywood in China, results found that China’s unique institutional context and an ongoing India–China geopolitical tensions also present challenges, which in turn add to the overall complexity of films’ success in the Chinese market. This article argues the powerful role of Bollywood in bridging cultures and improving India–China ties, as Indian films have made Chinese people more aware of India in a favourable way.

The U.S. - China Trade War : Is it More Pain than Gain?

Over the last 40 years, the U.S.-China relationship has experienced many twists and turns. When China first embarked on a series of economic reforms, the U.S. and many of its western allies hoped that these more open-door policies would herald not only a new level of prosperity for the Chinese people but also usher in more western philosophies and standards of government. However, while the economy has undoubtedly prospered, China's ties with the U.S. have continued to remain strained. The current Trump Administration has gone to increasingly greater lengths to address what it perceives are significant imbalances in the relationship. A new trade has been sought, however the use tit-for-tat policies which has seen the introduction of new tariff measures by both sides has undoubtedly hindered this negotiation process. Our research examines complex nature of the U.S.-China Trading relationship. It provides a detailed appraisal of the current state of U.S.-China trade as well as detailed overview of the trade battle that has unfolded in recent times. As part of this, the study also explains the key aspects behind the conflict, including: apparent unfair trade practices, such as currency manipulation; the economic rise of China; and the ideological differences that exist between the two countries. The study also addresses Chinese concerns that the U.S. fears what a growing China may mean for its global interests by pointing to the 60% rule. An assessment of the empirical literature shows that the economic impact of the U.S.-China trade war has been felt by both sides. However, China has been found to suffer more, with research showing GDP falling from -0.1% to -1.35% in the U.S. and between -0.3% and -1.5% in China.

Former Los Alamos physicist gets probation for failing to disclose China ties

Former Los Alamos physicist gets probation for failing to disclose China ties

When does environmental corporate social responsibility promote managerial ties in China? The moderating role of industrial power and market hierarchy

ABSTRACT Although stakeholder theory suggests that ECSR improve firm performance by signal a positive evaluation, this research finds that these signalling effects vary with industrial power and market hierarchy. Based on a dataset of 206 manufacturing firms in China, we find that ECSR positively affects managerial ties followed by firm performance. However, industrial power strengthens the effect of ECSR on political ties while weakens that on business ties. Market hierarchy strengthens the effect of ECSR on business ties while weakens that on political ties. This research extends previous literature on the relationship between ECSR and managerial ties by investigating the different moderating effects of industrial power and market hierarchy.

Revolution and Recognition in Post-War Asia: Restoring Missing Links in the Establishment of Indonesia–People’s Republic of China Relations, 1949–1950

ABSTRACT This article sheds important new light on the early trajectory of contemporary Indonesia–People’s Republic of China (PRC) ties. Drawing on an extensive range of hitherto unexplored archives, it unpacks the processes and policies that prompted the newly independent Indonesian state in the spring of 1950 to recognise and establish direct relations with the PRC, thereby supplanting the former link between the Dutch colonial government and the Chinese Nationalist regime at Taiwan. It is argued that, contrary to prevailing understandings and Cold War logic, the Netherlands played a pivotal role in pushing Indonesia–PRC ties forward, while both Jakarta and Beijing temporised. In setting out this claim, the article contributes to the existing literature in two ways. First, it offers a significant corrective to established and recent scholarship on the foreign policy of early post-revolutionary Indonesia. Second, it provides fresh insights into the effects of the Cold War on Western imperialism in Asia and into the contested historical legacies that inform contemporary relations within the region to this day.

The political position generator—A new instrument for measuring political ties in China

This paper proposes a novel instrument – the political position generator - for measuring individuals’ political ties, or personal, affective connections to state officials and other political actors. It adopts and adapts the more general position generator framework in social capital research to capture three key dimensions of political ties – upper reachability, network diversity, and tie strength. The measure is validated with data from a representative survey of the Chinese population and three scales representing the three political ties dimensions are created. In correlational and multivariate regression analyses, we find initial evidence of the instrument’s criterion-related (discriminant and concurrent) validity.

Temporal changes in China's production and consumption-based CO2 emissions and the factors contributing to changes

Abstract As the largest carbon emitter in the world, China is actively promoting carbon emission reduction and low-carbon sustainable development. To better formulate low-carbon transformation measures, we calculated and compared China's production-based carbon emissions (PD-CEs) and consumption-based carbon emissions (CD-CEs) from 2000 to 2014 based on the Multi-Regional Input–Output tables. We also performed a structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to investigate the factors contributing to changes in China's PD-CEs and CD-CEs. The study's findings are as follows: First, China's PD-CEs are continually larger than its CD-CEs, such that China is a net exporter of emissions. However, China's exported emissions and net exported emissions peaked at 2200 and 1786 Mt., respectively, as of 2007. In 2014, China's net exported emissions were 1371 Mt., down 23.25% compared with 2007. Second, China's PD-CEs mainly serve the domestic final demand, and China's CD-CEs are mainly emitted at home. Production and supply of electric power, steam and hot water is the biggest contributor to China's PD-CEs while Construction the largest contributor to China's CD-CEs. Third, the SDA results show that China's PD-CEs and CD-CEs mainly grew due to changes in China's final demand volume. The significant restraint to the growth of China's PD-CEs and CD-CEs is the effect of changes in the domestic emission intensity. Changes in China's ties with other economies have an important impact on China's carbon emissions. Developing economies are replacing developed economies as major destinations for China's emissions export. Fourth, the growth rate of China's PD-CEs and CD-CEs significantly slowed down and the factors contributing to the changes in China's PD-CEs and PD-CEs have changed after China's economy entered the new normal.

People-to-people façade of Nepal–China ties: a constructivist reading

This paper claims that although Nepal–China relation, at present, is more government to government, Nepal–China ties are not free from the influence of the people-to-people (P2P) relations. The paper argues whether P2P relations have helped to strengthen the diplomatic, political and economic relations between Nepal and China, or not. In addition, the paper also discusses whether P2P relations have been enhanced by China-led Belt and Road Initiatives, as Nepal is also a member of BRI, and in addition, P2P is one of the pillars of BRI. Also, the write-up describes the significant roles that diaspora, connectivity, religion, myths and histories have played to shape the P2P relations between Nepal and China. The paper concludes by saying that P2P relation between Nepal and China is itself driven by the interest of the two states, unlike the P2P that Nepal has with India, which often influences the interests of the two states.