Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator Controller Research Articles

A Fuzzy Inference-Based TCSC Control Technique to Improve Dynamic Power System Responses

With the expansion of transmission systems, the devices that contribute to the overall power system performance must be adequate to the increasing modeling complexity and requirements. In this sense, the Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices are often employed to improve stability and power quality, while the Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) is a common example, able to change the equivalent transmission line impedance, improving power flow. This work discusses two established techniques for the control of TCSC devices based on the lead-lag model, whose parameters are defined through metaheuristic techniques, such as Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization. The results found in these publications are implemented in the Matlab/Simulink environment and confronted with the proposed Fuzzy logic application, written with linguistic inference, simplified rules, and simple membership functions. The two published models and the proposed Fuzzy logic performed satisfactorily with very similar results in all scenarios simulated considering a Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) equivalent system model. The big advantage of the use of Fuzzy logic is its modeling simplicity, unlike the heuristic techniques that require much more modeling time and, sometimes, a large number of iterations to achieve acceptable parameters.

Application of the First Replica Controller in Korean Power Systems

The purpose of this paper is to introduce, examine, and evaluate the industrial experiences and effectiveness of a Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) replica controller installed in Korea in 2019 through a review of its configuration, test platform, and practical application, and further to propose operational guidelines for replica controllers. Four representative practical cases were conducted: a Dynamic Performance Test (DPT) under a sufficiently large-scale power system prior to the Site Acceptance Test (SAT), pre-verification for on-site controller modification during operation stage, parameter tuning to mitigate the control interaction, and time domain simulation for Sub-Synchronous Torsional Interaction (SSTI). None of these four cases can be performed in a Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) or on-site. Therefore, TCSC control performance was accurately verified under the entire Korean power system based on a large-scale real-time simulator, which demonstrated its effectiveness as a powerful tool for operations including multiple power electronics devices. Our review herein of these four practical cases is expected to show the usefulness of replica controllers, to demonstrate their strength to deal with practical field events, and to contribute to the further expansion of the application area from a perspective of electric utility.

Hybrid DA‐PSO approach for optimal location and parameter settings for TCSC controller in power system

Thyrist or controlled series compensator (TCSC) configuration in power system comprises of controlled reactors in parallel with sections of a capacitor bank. This combination offers smooth control of basic frequency capacitive reactance over a wide range. Its benefits include eradication of resonance risks, stability improvements and so on, offering dynamic power flow control. However, the TCSC controllers face issues, while determining their optimal locations and parameter settings (sizing). Hence, this study intends to solve these problems by considering three objectives, namely, congestion minimisation, investment cost minimisation and increased transient stability. The objectives are achieved by optimising various locations of the bus system, where the TCSC has to be placed, and its sizing. From the optimised results, the best solution is chosen to attain the abovementioned objectives. The presented scheme obtains the best solution by a hybridised model, exploiting the dragonfly algorithm (DA) and the particle swarm optimisation (PSO), called PSO-dependent step vector for DA. Finally, the proposed approach is compared with the conventional schemes by analysing the outcomes for two benchmark systems, namely, IEEE 24 and IEEE 9 test bus systems.

Solar Power And Wind Power Management System Using Power Line Communication Using PSO

This enterprise proposes Particle swarm upgrade based TCSC Compensator in solar primarily based breeze mixture station for Reactive electricity the board and brief adequacy exam. It also hopes to choose the placing parameters of TCSC (Thyristor controlled series Compensator) controller using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The self sufficient cream structure has been reproduced under distinct stacking situations for which a alternate paintings display has been considered. affects due to variable weight, Wind manipulate data and solar fueled insolation have been focused and the distinct direct of the shape has been concentrated inside the midst of normal and accuse situation. era effects related to Reactive strength repayment and voltage sufficiency have been improvised with PSO. [19],[20],[21]

Mitigating Subsynchronous Resonance Using Synchrophasor Data Based Control of Wind Farms

Series compensation is used to improve power system transmission capacity. Subsynchronous resonance (SSR) associated with such a system is a challenging issue. Today, with increasing integration of wind farm (WF) to power network, the stability of the system gets deteriorated due to variation in wind speed at the WFs. The reaction between the SSR modes and the doubly fed induction generator converters is known as subsynchronous control interaction (SSCI), due to which, it becomes more challenging to achieve power system stability. To overcome these issues, in this paper, a synchrophasor data-based control (SDC) technique is proposed. The proposed controller diminishes induction generator effect, torsional interaction, and the SSCI effect on the series compensated network, integrating multiple WFs. The SDC provides an auxiliary SSR damping control (SSRDC) with thyristor controlled series compensation (TCSC). This SSRDC uses synchrophasor data from WF connected point of common couplings (PCCs) inside the grid to improve the SSR oscillation damping. The proposed method maintains reference voltage angle of the PCCs by controlling equivalent impedance of the grid. The impedance provides significant damping for SSR along with the TCSC control. The proposed SDC is tested for modified 39-bus New England system with WFs and is found to be effective. Comparison of this method with conventional local control demonstrates its superior performance.

Transmission Line Capacity Improvement Using Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation Device Considering Voltage Stability Analysis

In this paper, the interior point method (IPM) is applied to the optimal reactive power planning (ORPP) problem using the thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) device with consideration of voltage stability with handling the improvement of transmission line capacity in electrical network. To improve this case of study, two other objective functions are associated. The first is the angle deviation minimisation problem; it minimises the difference between the sending and receiving bus angles. And the second one is voltage deviation problem which aims to improve the system voltage profiles. The choice for these associate objective functions is defined by the most influence of bus angles and voltages to improve the system transmission line capacity. Also, the proposed algorithms satisfy various constraints, which are: power flow equations, generator voltage limits, switchable capacitor banks, transformer tap changer limits and transmission line limits. The fast voltage stability index (FVSI) is used to identify the critical lines to install the TCSC controllers. The methodology has been tested in the equivalent Algerian electrical power systems 114 bus. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for improving the reactive power planning problem.

Voltage stability improvement of wind power grid‐connected system using TCSC‐STATCOM control

Aiming at the voltage stability problem of wind power grid-connected systems, a cooperative control scheme of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) and Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is proposed in this study. The proposed scheme is applied in the wind power grid-connected system, a combined control strategy based on STATCOM double closed-loop feedback control and TCSC device is used to ensure that the system has enough reactive power to maintain its normal work during operation. The corresponding simulation model of wind power grid-connected system is built in MATLAB/Simulink. By analysing and comparing the waveforms of the operating examples with only TCSC, only STATCOM and TCSC-STATCOM, it is shown that the cooperative control of TCSC and STATCOM can quickly and effectively recover the bus voltage at the point of grid-connected wind farms after fault, which has a good performance on improving the voltage stability of wind power grid-connected system and increasing the low-voltage ride-through capability, and the cooperative control effect of TCSC and STATCOM is better than only using the control of TCSC or STATCOM.

Designing SSSC, TCSC, and STATCOM controllers using AVURPSO, GSA, and GA for transient stability improvement of a multi-machine power system with PV and wind farms

In this paper, the effects of three FACTS controllers, static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC), and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), on the transient stability of a multi-machine power system in the presence of two 200 MW wind farms based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and a 120 MW photovoltaic (PV) solar plant are studied. Also, power system stabilizers (PSSs) are installed on four synchronous machines. It is generally accepted that there is a threat to the stability of power systems with the penetration of wind farm and PV plant. Therefore, in order to improve transient stability in the power system, this paper proposes the application of PI controllers in PV and wind farm controllers and a combination of PSS and FACTS controllers, whose coordination is very important. The design problems of the PSS, FACTS, and PI controllers are formulated as an optimization problem, and the adaptive velocity update relaxation particle swarm optimization (AVURPSO) algorithm, gravitational search algorithm (GSA), and genetic algorithm (GA) are employed to search for the optimal controller parameters. These three approaches identify the solution to a given objective function, but they employ different strategies and computational efforts. Therefore, a comparison of their performance is required.

Enhanced Nonlinear Robust Control for TCSC in Power System

This paper proposes an enhanced robust control method, which is for thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) in presences of time-delay nonlinearity, uncertain parameter, and external disturbances. Unlike conventional adaptive control methods, the uncertain parameter is estimated by using system immersion and manifold invariant (I&I) adaptive control. Thus, the oscillation of states caused by the coupling between parameter estimator and system states can be avoided. In addition, in order to overcome the influences of time-delay nonlinearity and external disturbances, backstepping sliding mode control is adopted to design control law recursively. Furthermore, robustness of TCSC control subsystem is achievable provided that dissipation inequality is satisfied in each step. Effectiveness and efficiencies of the proposed control method are verified by simulations. Compared with adaptive backstepping sliding mode control and adaptive backstepping control, the time of reaching steady state is shortened by at least 11% and the oscillation amplitudes of transient responses are reduced by at most 50%.

TCSC based automatic generation control of deregulated power system using quasi-oppositional harmony search algorithm

In present aspect, automatic generation control (AGC) of deregulated power system with thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) device is investigated. The objective is to discuss bilateral power transaction issue with the TCSC effect. A deregulated two-area power system model having two thermal units in each control area is considered for this act. A quasi-oppositional harmony search (QOHS) algorithm is being applied for the constrained optimization problem. Three cases, commonly studied in deregulation, are discussed for the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Further, sensitivity analysis is studied by varying the test system parameters up to ±25% from their rated values. The obtained simulation plots are analytically discussed with the calculation of oscillatory modes, transient details and the studied performance indices. Sugeno fuzzy logic control technique is also investigated to the studied test system. The simulation results show that the proposed QOHS based TCSC controller is quite effective in deregulated environment.

Optimal placement of TCSC using controllability Gramian to damp power system oscillations

Summary The increase of the scale and complexity of interconnected power systems leads to power system oscillations. Therefore, the electric network needs to be improved to be more stable. One type of flexible AC transmission system devices, namely, the thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC), can be placed in the transmission line to increase stability margins and dampen power oscillations by means of adjusting the impedance of the compensated line. The efficiency and robustness of TCSC controller depend on its optimal location in network. Hence, finding the optimal placement for TCSC has become a key issue. In this paper, a novel method based on a two-step approach is proposed to find the optimal location for TCSC. First, the energetic approach based on the combination of the controllability Gramian with the balanced realization reduction technique is applied to search feasible locations, and then the transient stability analysis is performed to compare and determine the optimal location through various test cases. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated on the IEEE 39-bus England network. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Pattern Recognition Application of Support Vector Machine for Fault Classification of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensated Transmission Lines

Application of series compensation in extra high voltage (EHV) transmission line makes the protection job difficult for engineers, due to alteration in system parameters and measurements. The problem amplifies with inclusion of electronically controlled compensation like thyristor controlled series compensation (TCSC) as it produce harmonics and rapid change in system parameters during fault associated with TCSC control. This paper presents a pattern recognition based fault type identification approach with support vector machine. The scheme uses only half cycle post fault data of three phase currents to accomplish the task. The change in current signal features during fault has been considered as discriminatory measure. The developed scheme in this paper is tested over a large set of fault data with variation in system and fault parameters. These fault cases have been generated with PSCAD/EMTDC on a 400 kV, 300 km transmission line model. The developed algorithm has proved better for implementation on TCSC compensated line with its improved accuracy and speed.

The Opportunity of Power Electronics on Improving the Quality of Voltage and Power Flow in the West Algeria Network

The Flexible Alternate Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers improve quality of the supply power, enhance power system performance and also provide an optimal utilization of the existing resources. Especially the Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) and the Static Var Compensator (SVC) has been proposed to enhance the power transfer capability and improve the quality of the voltage by adjusting the line reactance. This paper, present a study of the west Algerian 2012 network. Furthermore, we will try to ask some problems encountered in practice, to find solutions and moving towards the FACTS devices in particular the TCSC and SVC controller, its application and technical advantage. The software NEPLAN is used to analyse the behaviour of the West Algerian electrical network without and with FACTS devices.

Optimal placement and parameter setting of SVC and TCSC using PSO to mitigate small signal stability problem

This paper aims to select the optimal location and setting parameters of SVC (Static Var Compensator) and TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator) controllers using PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) to mitigate small signal oscillations in a multimachine power system. Though Power System Stabilizers (PSSs) associated with generators are mandatory requirements for damping of oscillations in the power system, its performance still gets affected by changes in network configurations, load variations, etc. Hence installations of FACTS devices have been suggested in this paper to achieve appreciable damping of system oscillations. However the performance of FACTS devices highly depends upon its parameters and suitable location in the power network. In this paper the PSO based technique is used to investigate this problem in order to improve the small signal stability. An attempt has also been made to compare the performance of the TCSC controller with SVC in mitigating the small signal stability problem. To show the validity of the proposed techniques, simulations are carried out in a multimachine system for two common contingencies, e.g., load increase and transmission line outage. The results of small signal stability analysis have been represented employing eigenvalue as well as time domain response. It has been observed that the TCSC controller is more effective than SVC even during higher loading in mitigating the small signal stability problem.

A Particle Swarm Optimization based Approach for Power System Transient Stability Enhancement with TCSC

Power system engineers are currently facing challenges to increase the power transfer capabilities of existing transmission system. This led to the evolution of FACTS technology. FACTS controller helps in raising dynamic stability limit, provide better power flow control also provides improvement in asset utilization, system flexibility and system performance. Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) is a series FACTS controller which can control the line impedance, improve network stability and damp the power system oscillations. This paper presents a procedure for modelling and optimal tuning the parameters of Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) controller for the power system transient stability. For the simulation purpose, the model of Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) power system with TCSC controller is developed in MATLAB. The design problem of TCSC controller is formulated as an optimization problem and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is applied to search for the optimal TCSC control parameters. The results obtained shows that the proposed TCSC controller is effective in damping small disturbance condition in the power system.

Secured loadability enhancement with TCSC in transmission system using computational intelligence techniques for pool and hybrid model

This paper proposes an algorithm for the optimal location and control of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices for enhancing the loadability in transmission system using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE) for pool and hybrid model in deregulated electricity market. This approach uses AC load flow equations with the constraints on power generation, transmission line flow, magnitude of bus voltages and FACTS device settings. The bilateral transactions are modeled using secured bilateral transaction matrix utilizing AC distribution factor with the slack bus contribution. In this proposed approach, Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) is used. To validate the proposed approach, simulations are performed on 39 bus New England test system and IEEE 118 bus system. Comparisons are made in terms of maximum loadability, computation time and convergence characteristics. The simulation result obtained indicates that by optimal location and control of TCSC, using DE, enhances the loadability in transmission system with less computation time and faster convergence than using PSO. This comparative study concludes that by optimal location and control of TCSC, using DE will be more effective for secured loadability enhancement in transmission system of pool and hybrid model in deregulated electricity market.

Coordination of PSS and TCSC controller using modified particle swarm optimization algorithm to improve power system dynamic performance

This paper develops a modified optimization procedure for coordination of a power system stabilizer (PSS) and a thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) controller to enhance the power system small signal stability. The new approach employs eigenvalue-based and time-domain simulation based objective functions simultaneously to improve the optimization convergence rate. A modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm is used as the optimization algorithm. The results of simulations and eigenvalue analysis for a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system equipped with the proposed PSS and TCSC controllers confirm that the new approach is effective in enhancing the system stability.

A multi-objective genetic algorithm approach for adaptive PSS and TCSC-based controller design

This paper presents a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm approach for adaptive design of a power system stabiliser (PSS) and a thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC)-based controller. The design objective is minimisation of both angle and voltage time trajectory deviations with respect to a post-contingency equilibrium point for a power system installed with a PSS and a TCSC controller. The optimal controller parameters of proposed controllers are coordinately designed. To show the adaptive capabilities of proposed approach, simulation results are presented at various loading conditions with parameter variations. Also, the results are compared with single objective GA approach to show the superiority of the proposed approach.

Differential evolutionary algorithm for TCSC-based controller design

In this paper, a systematic procedure for modelling, simulation and optimal tuning the parameters of a thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) controller, for the power system stability enhancement is presented. The design problem of the proposed controller is formulated as an optimization problem and differential evolution (DE) is employed to search for optimal controller parameters. A detailed analysis on the selection of objective function and controller structure on the effectiveness of the TCSC controller is carried out and simulation results are presented. The dynamic performance TCSC controller under various loading and disturbance conditions are analyzed and compared. Finally, the proposed design approach is extended to a multi-machine power system for simultaneous design of multiple and multi-type controllers.

Modelling, simulation and optimal design of a TCSC-based controller in a power system

This paper presents a MATLAB/Simulink-based modelling and simulation of a power system installed with a thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC)-based controller which is suitable for carrying out power system stability studies. The synchronous generator is represented by one field circuit and one equivalent damper on q-axis known as the Model 1.1, so that the impact of TCSC on power system stability can be more reasonably evaluated. Further, a TCSC-based controller has been designed for improving the system damping. The design problem of the proposed controller is formulated as an optimisation problem and differential evolution (DE) optimisation technique is employed to search for the optimal controller parameters. A detailed analysis on the selection of control signals, both local (line current) and remote (speed deviation) signals, on the effectiveness of the TCSC controller is carried out and simulation results are presented.