Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter Research Articles

A New-Fangled Approach for Optimal Placement of Facts Controllers in a Hybridized System

This paper proposes a novel approach for Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems in power systems by integrating the optimal placement of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices with a hybrid renewable energy system comprising wind and photovoltaic (PV). The objective is to optimize the placement of FACTS devices to simultaneously minimize power loss, voltage deviation and reduce gross cost. To achieve this goal, the Enhanced Multi – Strategies Sparrow Search Algorithm (EMSSA) is employed, which combines multiple optimization strategies inspired by the collaborative foraging behavior of sparrows. By considering multiple objectives, including power loss reduction, voltage deviation reduction, and gross cost minimization, the proposed methodoloty aims to identify optimal locations for installing FACTS devices such as SVC (Static Var Compensator), TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Seris Compensator), TCPS (Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter). The results showcase the capability of the proposed methodology to achieve significant improvements in power system performance, thereby contributing to the efficient and sustainable operation of modern power grids. This research also provides valuable insights for power system operators and planners to make decisions regarding the deployment of FACTS devices and the integration of renewable energy sources.

Optimal operation and control of hybrid power systems with stochastic renewables and FACTS devices: An intelligent multi-objective optimization approach

This paper delves into the increasingly complex domain of Optimal Power Flow (OPF) within modern power systems, enhanced by the integration of unpredictable renewable energy sources. The research originally integrates stochastic photovoltaic and wind energy sources, along with a suite of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) components – including thyristor-controlled series compensators, static VAR compensators, and thyristor-controlled phase shifters. The primary objective is to solve the OPF problem by reducing generation costs while accommodating the variable nature of renewable energy sources and load demands. This study prioritizes the examination of both constant and fluctuating load requirements. The inherent variability of PV and wind energy, along with load demand, is captured through the modelling of probability density functions. This approach enables a more detailed optimization process, incorporating not just the cost of thermal energy generation but also the scheduling costs of renewable sources and associated penalty costs. Moreover, the study examines the strategic placement and sizing of FACTS components, an aspect essential in minimizing the overall cost of power production. Employing both single- and multi-objective optimization algorithms, the research addresses the OPF problem in a modified IEEE-30 bus system through various case studies. The application of the recently developed flow direction algorithm, including its multi-objective variant with an ε-based constraint-handling mechanism to OPF problem is the primary contributions of this work. The results, benchmarked against several advanced metaheuristic algorithms, reveal the proposed algorithm's superior performance. This comprehensive study not only underscores the potential of integrating renewable energy sources into the grid but also highlights the efficacy of intelligent optimization strategies in managing the complexities of modern power systems.

Design and analysis of optimal AGC regulator for multi‐area power systems with TCPS and energy storage unit in deregulated environment

AbstractIn today's electric power network, fast changes are the norm, and auxiliary services such as automatic generation control (AGC) play a crucial role in maintaining the quality of the power supply. AGC ensures a balance between power generation, demand, and losses to sustain frequency stability and variation in tie‐line power within a set limit, even when the load changes. To accomplish this, it is always beneficial to consider new approaches to controlling the situation. This paper introduces the design of new AGC regulators that consider deviation in DC tie‐line power as an extra control variable for the turbine controller. In this study, three different deregulated power systems (containing two control areas), namely three thermal generations, the combination of one thermal and two hydro generations, and three hydro generations, including two power distribution companies (DISCOs) in each control area. These optimal AGC regulators are implemented in the proposed thermal–thermal–thermal system to carry out the various power contracts. The results have shown that the dynamic outcomes meet the AGC standards. To improve further dynamic results and the proposed systems' stability margins by incorporating redox flow batteries (RFB). In actual operating conditions, the system parameters do not remain constant due to the aging effect, assumptions made in simplifying the mathematical model, etc. Thus, ±50% deviations in the nominal value of system parameters to assess how well the optimal AGC regulators perform in the system under investigation. The suggested realistic AGC system incorporates many parameter fluctuations and works well with the optimal AGC regulators developed for the proposed plans. This study expanded to include a two‐area, thermal‐hydro‐hydro (THH) system under a deregulated framework connected via an asynchronous transmission link with or without a thyristor‐controlled phase shifter (TCPS) and RFB. The genetic algorithm (GA) can solve many issues and has global search, flexibility to varied problem types, intrinsic parallelism, and the ability to handle massive, complex search spaces. Thus, a two‐area deregulated hydro‐hydro‐hydro system with parallel tie‐lines utilizes GA‐PID, GA‐FOPID, and GA‐(1 + PI)‐FOPID controllers. Moreover, a random load disturbance (RLD) is employed in each section of the offered approach to show the resilience and elite performance of the proposed control strategy. To produce various dynamic reactions in the plans, MATLAB software version R2013a is employed.

Hyper-heuristic strategies for optimal power flow problem with FACTS devices allocation in wind power integrated system

This research provides hyper-heuristic methodologies for solving Optimal Power Flow (OPF) issues in power system networks with Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. OPF can be treated as one of the demanding challenges in the power system operating networks. To address the problems of loss and cost reduction, three types of FACTS devices will be studied in this paper: Static VAR Compensator (SVC), Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC), and Thyristor-Controlled Phase Shifter (TCPS). Two high level hyper-heuristic (HHH) approaches, called Exponential Monte Carlo with counter (EMCQ) and randomly select-Only Improving (OI), are employed as high-level metaheuristic to select and leverage the effectiveness of four low-level metaheuristics (LLH). These low-level metaheuristics comprise the Moth-Flame Optimizer (MFO), Barnacles Mating Optimizer (BMO), Teaching-Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) and Gradient-Based Optimizer (GBO). The usage of HHH solving the OPF problem is tested on the modified IEEE 30 bus system that integrates the thermal generators with the wind power. Findings of the study demonstrated the promising results by HHH which manages to outperform all the selected LLH algorithms.

Damping of Inter-Area Oscillations Using TCPS Based Delay Compensated Robust WADC

Low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) pose a significant obstacle in achieving optimal power flow and utilizing transmission corridors in large interconnected power systems. In this study, linear matrix inequality (LMI) base robust wide-area damping controller (WADC) is introduced to effectively address critical LFOs. The proposed WADC utilizes wide-area signals, which modulate the phase angle of a thyristor-controlled phase shifter device. To ensure that the concerned modes of LFOs lie in left half of the complex plane, a D-space sub-region approach is applied. However, using wide-area signals introduces time delays, which negatively impact the efficacy of the WADC; hence, a time delay compensator (TDC) is incorporated into the feedback path of the signals. The proposed approach involves four key steps: selecting feedback signals using a combined modal transformation and geometric approach, designing an appropriate TDC, building a generalized plant with mixed sensitivity weights, and solving the LMI. The dynamic efficacy is verified on IEEE 4-machine 11-bus system, and 10-machine 39-bus system. Poorly damped single and multiple critical modes are placed in the D-space region of interest with specified damping ratios viz. 10% and 15%. Furthermore, damping ratios of critical modes are maintained with TDC based proposed WADC while deteriorating with other counterparts.

A vertical and horizontal crossover sine cosine algorithm with pattern search for optimal power flow in power systems

Most of the energy consumption is now being used to supply human demand for electricity, which has increased the burden of power system planning to some extent, and thus, researchers proposed solutions to the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. In such a background, flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices are widely used in modern power systems to alleviate human power demand and improve network congestion problems. This research proposes a better-quality sine cosine algorithm (CPSCA) based on a crossover mechanism and pattern search algorithm for optimizing multiple objectives, such as system generation cost and transmission losses when we have multiple types of FACTS devices in the power system. The proposed method uses sine and cosine theory and evolutionary strategy to continuously sample and update the framework and improve the quality of the solutions. The method uses a class of vertical and horizontal crossover operators and pattern-shifting techniques to find the optimal solution set. In addition, the Weibull probability density function was used in this study to model uncertainty in wind energy, while direct costs, penalty costs, and standby costs were considered in constructing the target model. Various types of FACTS devices, such as thyristor-controlled series compensators, thyristor-controlled phase shifters, and static reactive power compensators, are also inserted into the model as power in the target optimization problem. The proposed algorithm has experimented on an IEEE30 bus test system. Based on the experimental results, CPSCA achieves an optimal total cost of 806.0225 $/h. In terms of power loss of the bus system, CPSCA reduces the total power loss value from 2.042 MW to 1.41 MW compared to the original sine cosine algorithm, which is a 31% improvement and has an optimal power loss value. Therefore, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is an effective technique for optimizing the optimal power flow of the entire power system and FACTS equipment.

Optimal Power Flow Analysis Based on Hybrid Gradient-Based Optimizer with Moth–Flame Optimization Algorithm Considering Optimal Placement and Sizing of FACTS/Wind Power

Optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the most significant electric power network control and management issues. Adding unreliable and intermittent renewable energy sources to the electrical grid increase and complicates the OPF issue, which calls for using modern optimization techniques to solve this issue. This work presents the optimal location and size of some FACTS devices in a hybrid power system containing stochastic wind and traditional thermal power plants considering OPF. The FACTS devices used are thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC), thyristor-controlled phase shifter (TCPS), and static var compensator (SVC). This optimal location and size of FACTS devices was determined by introducing a multi-objective function containing reserve costs for overestimation and penalty costs for underestimating intermittent renewable sources besides active power losses. The uncertainty in the wind power output is predicted using Weibull probability density functions. This multi-objective function is optimized using a hybrid technique, gradient-based optimizer (GBO), and moth–flame optimization algorithm (MFO).

Application of WOA Tuned Type-2 FLC for LFC of Two Area Power System With RFB and Solar Park Considering TCPS in Interline

In this article, interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller (IT2FLC) has been proposed as secondary load frequency controller (LFC) for hybrid two area power system instead of type-1 fuzzy logic controller (T1FLC) and PID based controllers. The investigated power system integrates both conventional and renewable power resources like large scale solar parks. These large scale solar parks in addition to demand load changes increases load frequency control problems due to their continuous and severe output power variation. In order to reduce the effect of solar irradiance variation on the power system, another type-2 fuzzy logic controller has been proposed to control the output for the solar park during cloudy days instead of maximum power point trackers. As one of the best energy storage systems utilized in modern power systems, Reduction oxidation flow battery (RFB) has been integrated in the investigated power system to act as fast active power source which absorbs and discharges power during disturbances caused by generation or demand changes. Power flow controller like thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS) has been proposed in this paper to control tie-line power shared between generating areas during system disturbances. In order to enhance the dynamic performance for the proposed controller, meta-heuristic nature inspired optimization algorithm like whale optimization algorithm (WOA) has been proposed for proposed controller gains off line tuning. The superiority of the proposed IT2FLC controller against T1FLC controller has been investigated by simulating their performance during severe demand load changes and solar irradiance variations, while WOA enhanced the dynamic performance of the proposed controller compared to other optimization algorithms like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and grey wolf optimization (GWO).

Frequency stabilization in interconnected power system using bat and harmony search algorithm with coordinated controllers

Modern power system faces excessive frequency aberrations due to the intermittent renewable generations and persistently changing load demands. To avoid any possible blackout, an efficient and robust control strategy is obligatory to minimize deviations in the system frequency and tie-line. Hence, to achieve this target, a new two-degree of freedom-tilted integral derivative with filter (2DOF–TIDN) controller is proposed in this work for a two-area wind-hydro-diesel power system. To enhance the outcome of the proposed 2DOF–TIDN controller, its gain parameters are optimized with the use of a newly designed hybrid bat algorithm-harmony search algorithm (hybrid BA–HSA) technique. The effectiveness and superiority of hybrid BA–HSA tuned 2DOF–TIDN is validated over various existing optimization techniques like cuckoo search (CS), particle swarm optimization (PSO), HSA, BA and teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO). To further refine the system outcome in the dynamic conditions, several flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) units are adopted for enriching the frequency and tie-line responses. The FACTS controllers like static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), thyristor-controlled phase shifter (TCPS), unified power flow controller (UPFC) and interline power flow controller (IPFC) are employed with SMES simultaneously. The simulation results disclose that the hybrid BA–HSA based 2DOF–TIDN shows superior dynamic performance with IPFC–SMES than other studied approaches. A sensitivity analysis is examined to verify the robustness of proposed controller under ±25% changes in loading and system parameters.

Multi-objective Moth Flame Optimizer: A Fundamental Visions for Wind Power Integrated Optimal Power Flow with FACTS Devices

ABSTRACT Optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the complex optimization problems in the power system domain. The OPF problem becomes much more challenging when renewable energy sources are added to the power system grid, which is unpredictable and volatile. Also, FACTS (flexible AC transmission system) devices are becoming more common in modern power systems to help ease network congestion and minimize demand. This paper aims to solve the single and multi-objective OPF by combining stochastic wind power with various types of FACTS devices such as static VAR compensator, thyristor-controlled series compensator, and thyristor-controlled phase shifter. To model stochastic wind energy, Weibull probability density functions have been used. The locations and ratings of the FACTS devices are also designed to reduce the system’s total generation cost. A non-dominated multi-objective moth flame optimization technique is used for the optimization issue. The fuzzy decision-making approach is applied to the best compromise solution. The results are validated through a modified IEEE-30 bus test system and compared with three newly developed algorithms.

Hybrid technique for load frequency control of renewable energy sources with unified power flow controller and energy storage integration

In this manuscript, the load frequency control (LFC) of multiple area hybrid power system (PS) integrated with renewable energy sources (RESs) using energy storage system (ESS) is proposed. The proposed hybrid method is the joint execution of Meta-heuristic Anopheles Search Algorithm (MASA) and artificial intelligence (AI) technique and hence it is named as MASAAI technique. The main aim of the proposal is “to diminish the load frequency deviations in 3-area hybrid PS.” The thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS) and ultra-capacitor (UC) application are used in LFC. During the operation of power system, the power distribution quality is suffered owing to continual and random changes in load. Hence, the PS control is necessary for maintaining a continual balance amid the power generation and load demand. The proportional integral derivative (PID) is agreed to LFC mode. Here, the 3-area system is incorporated with conventional RESs like solar, biomass, and fuel cell. UPFC is joined in series with tie-line, ensures the stabilization of the system and also presents more service and the quality of power is sustained by the subordinate control of super capacitor energy storage. With the help of MASAAI method, suppressing the peak value of the frequency deviation by power modulation control is a way to lessen this issue. With this proper control, the MASAAI method efficiency becomes optimum in deregulated environment that is agreed to LFC mode. Finally, the proposed method is activated in MATLAB/Simulink site and the performance is compared with existing methods. Finally, the simulation outcomes demonstrate that the efficiency of MASAAI method is more efficient compared to the existing methods.

Satin Bowerbird optimization algorithm for the Application of Optimal power flow of power system with FACTS devices

The following research paper, addresses the issue of the optimal power flow ( OPF) of power system dealt by the proposal of adapting flexible ac transmission FACTS devices with Satin Bowerbird optimization (SBBOA) algorithm. The SBBOA is bio-inspired algorithm; it is carried out based totally on the principle of ‘female-attracted-by-male’ for breeding. The algorithm that is proposed is tested by usingIEEE-30 bus and IEEE-57 bus test systems with FACT devices of two different types. The following are the two types of FACT devices that are kept at fixed locations:
 FACT devices that are kept at fixed locations:
 Thyristor controlled series capacitor and
 Thyristor controlled phase shifter
 The objective of the present study aims at four different functions. They are:
 (a) Minimizing the cost of fuel
 (b) Minimizing active power loss during transmission
 (c) Reduction of emission and
 (d) Minimizing the combination of economic and environmental cost.
 The SBBOA give the finest simulation outcomes than lately proposed optimization algorithms given in the literature.

Robust Load Frequency Control Using Fractional-order TID-PD Approach Via Salp Swarm Algorithm

To preserve frequency and tie-line power flow within a tolerable range in modern intricate and renewable energy sources (RES) integrated power system, an intelligent, expert, and robust load frequency control (LFC) scheme is requisite. This paper proposes a new load frequency control (LFC) approach using a dual-stage controller composed of fractional-order tilted-integral-derivative (TID) and integer-order proportional-derivative (PD) controllers. The recently developed salp swarm algorithm has tuned the parameters of the controller. The proposed scheme exhibits robustness and fast disturbance rejection performance because the tilted-integral-derivative controller is structured in a fractional-order framework, and transient response is improved due to the proportional-derivative controller. The overall activity of the LFC has been further upgraded by incorporating the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device namely thyristor-controlled phase shifter (TCPS) unit and energy storage system called redox flow battery (RFB) units. The proposed control approach is applied to diverse types of multi-area multi-source power systems with thermal, hydro, and wind turbine units along with nonlinear functions namely generation rate constraint (GRC), governor dead band (GDB), and communication delay (CD). The simulation results yield improved frequency regulation activity with and without TCPS and RFB using the proposed control approach when compared with the recently developed LFC approaches. Sensitivity analysis also established the robustness of the proposed control approach.

Optimal Fractional-Order Tilted-Integral-Derivative Controller for Frequency Stabilization in Hybrid Power System Using Salp Swarm Algorithm

Regulating the frequency fluctuations (known as load frequency control) in the power system is an important aspect that directly signifies the balance between the generation and demand. The present study proposes an optimal LFC scheme encapsulating the concept of fractional-order based tilted-integral-derivative (TID) controller having optimized parameters using the recently developed optimization technique called salp swarm algorithm. The various non-linearities such as governor dead-band, generation rate constraint, and communication time delays are also considered in the power system having thermal-hydro-wind turbines generating units in both areas. Furthermore, the impact of thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS) and redox flow battery (RFB) has been investigated in the proposed power system. Extensive simulations for different test systems and robustness analysis with wide variation in all system parameters at a time have been executed to validate the superiority of the proposed control strategy. The effectiveness of the proposed controller has been studied by comparing system response with recently developed algorithms. The performance evaluations confirm that the proposed controller provides stable, optimal, and superior performance compared to other existing schemes. Further, obtained results strongly suggest that TCPS and RFB units stabilize the transients quickly to enhance the system frequency stability during load instabilities.

An intelligent two‐level control of Ultrabattery for improved automatic generation control of a multi‐source deregulated power system

This article studies automatic generation control (AGC) problem of a realistic, multi-source deregulated power system with thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS) in the tie-line for damping the inter-area power oscillations. In this direction, an intelligent integration of a commercially available, relatively low rating efficient energy storage system in the form of Ultrabattery for AGC enhancement is proposed. Herein, a two-level supervisory cascade control scheme is designed. The supervisory controller comprises of a genetically tuned fuzzy logic controller which ensures the operation of Ultrabattery within its regime of operation while supervising a conventional main controller in the inner loop. The exchange of desired power between the power system and Ultrabattery is governed by the main controller whose parameters are tuned offline using optimization toolbox in MATLAB. To make the power system model realistic, effects of generation rate constraint, governor dead band, boiler dynamics, and communication time delay have been incorporated. Extensive simulation studies conducted on a well-known benchmark two-area power system under various market scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The results obtained illustrate a substantial mitigation of low magnitude oscillations with TCPS in the tie-line. Following the introduction of an Ultrabattery rated at just 1% of the area capacity in coordination with TCPS, an improvement of at least 87% in the system performance index is achieved. Finally, a sensitivity analysis validates the robustness of the proposed scheme under varying system parameters and market scenarios.

Load Frequency Control of Three area Multi-Unit Deregulated Power System with FOSMC and Performance analysis using Regulation constant

This paper presents three area multi-unit Deregulated Power System (DPS) for Load Frequency Control (LFC) using Fractional Order Sliding Mode Controller (FOSMC) along with Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifters (TCPS) and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) combination. The FOSMC can be used to overcome nonlinearities and uncertainties of the system for bilateral and unilateral transactions under different Step Load Perturbations (SLPs). The deregulated power system performance is analyzed for different Regulation constants (R) such as 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0. For stabilization of oscillations in frequency and to stabilize the deregulated power system dynamically for different SLPs, TCPS is incorporated with the tie line in series and SMES is used as an energy storage unit. The dynamic responses of LFC problems have been simulated and analyzed with MATLAB/Simulink-based computer simulations. Further simulation results have also been tabulated as a comparative performance with respect to peak overshoot and settling time.

Optimal placement and sizing of FACTS devices for optimal power flow in a wind power integrated electrical network

Optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the challenging optimization problems in power domain. The complexity of the problem escalates with incorporation of uncertain and intermittent renewable sources into the electrical network. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices are also becoming more commonplace in modern power system to mitigate growing demand and to relieve congestion from the network. This paper aims to solve the OPF where the generation cost is optimized with incorporation of stochastic wind power and several types of FACTS devices such as static VAR compensator, thyristor-controlled series compensator and thyristor-controlled phase shifter. Case studies with both fixed and uncertain load demands are performed. The stochastic wind energy and load demand are modeled using suitable probability density functions. Optimization objective considers cost of thermal generation, direct cost of scheduled wind power, penalty cost for underestimation and reserve cost for overestimation of the wind power. In addition, both locations and ratings of the FACTS devices are optimized to minimize total generation cost of the system. Success history-based adaptive differential evolution (SHADE), a powerful evolutionary algorithm, is adopted to perform the optimization task. The constraints of OPF problem are handled using superiority of feasible solutions (SF) method. The integration approach of SF method with several popular metaheuristic algorithms has been proposed in this work, and a detailed comparative analysis among various algorithms establishes SHADE algorithm to be the best performer.

A Hybrid Differential Evolution and Harmony Search for Optimal Power Flow With FACTS Devices

This paper proposes a hybrid differential evolution (DE) and harmony search (HS) for solving optimal power flow (OPF) problem with FACTS devices including static Var compensator (SVC), thyristor-controlled series compensation (TCSA), and thyristor-controlled phase shifter (TCPS). The proposed hybrid DE-HS is to utilize the advantages of the DE and HS methods to enhance its search ability for dealing with large-scale and complex problems. The proposed method has been tested on the IEEE 30 bus system with the variety of objective functions including quadratic fuel cost, power loss, voltage deviation, and voltage stability index and the obtained results from the proposed hybrid DE-HS have been compared to those from other algorithms. The result comparison has indicated that the proposed hybrid DE-HS algorithm can obtain better solution quality than many other methods. Therefore, the proposed hybrid DE-HS method can be an efficient method for solving the OPF problem incorporating FACTS devices.

LFC of DFIG based Two Area System using TCPS, SSSC and SMES

The frequency and tie-line power in a system varies as the load changes. Therefore in order to damp the frequency, Load Frequency Control (LFC) is used. The function of the LFC is to minimizes the transient deviation and to make the steady state change in frequency, zero. This paper presents a Load frequency control (LFC) of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based two area system using Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter (TCPS), Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) and Superconducting Magnetic Energy storage (SMES). Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices and SMES are used to damp out the frequency oscillations effectively in a power system. In order to maintain the system frequency at nominal value and the oscillations to settle down quickly a fast acting controller is desirable. In this paper a MATLAB based PID controller has been proposed in order to minimize the damping oscillation of the two-area interconnected power system. The results obtained with various combinations are presented and the results were encouraging.

Whale Optimization Controller for Load Frequency Control of a Two-Area Multi-source Deregulated Power System

This article discusses a Whale Optimization (WO) controller for design analysis, stability management, application, and performance analysis of a deregulated two-area multi-source energy system. Within the power grid, the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) maintains the power balance and strengthens the sudden frequency disturbance of the grid. Various researchers are targeted many kinds of fast-acting energy-storing devices to dampen space frequency oscillations and diversion of the tie line because of unexpected load variation. To regulate the power flow between multi-areas, load frequency control (LFC) is used by keeping frequency constant. But, to design a controller for minimizing the issues of LFC remains a challenge within the deregulated atmosphere. The main objective of the proposed methodology is to design a controller for minimizing the issues in LFC within the deregulated atmosphere. A two-area deregulated hydrothermal power system is employed to analyze many LFC problems in the deregulated power grid. During this modeling, the Thyristor-Controlled Phase Shifters (TCPS) and Capacitive Energy Storage unit (CES) are placed in the tie line and its control space. To mitigate the various issues of LFC in a two-area deregulated hydrothermal power system, the CES–TCPS combination is placed between the two control areas and the transient performance of constant is evaluated. The WO controller will increase the system power size to focus on the better performance of low-frequency management tasks. In addition, the effectiveness of the WO algorithm in tuning the proportional integral controller is also compared in a different contract (unilateral, bilateral and contract violation cases) scenarios of the proposed deregulated power system. Finally, the simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink platform and the results obtained for the WO controller is compared with the normal and fuzzy PI controllers.