Basketball Throw Research Articles

Motivation and Play Activities for Children's Basic Movements

Delays in basic movements during early childhood represent a challenge that must be addressed by sports professionals. This research aims to describe how play and motivation relate to children's basic movements, implementing an experimental model approach. The sample participants were children who were still in primary school, with an average age of 11.09 ± 0.73 years. Data were collected using a training motivation questionnaire and the Scott motor ability test, which consisted of basketball throw, 4-second run, wall pass, and long jump. Data were analyzed using a two-way factorial ANOVA test. The research results show that the kasiti ball training model is more effective than fortification training. Furthermore, there is an interaction between the form of training and motivation: the basic movements performed in the kasiti ball training are superior to the strengthening ones for children with high training motivation, while the baseball training is better than the of strength for those with low motivation. This finding is important as it informs children's basic movement skills through specific exercises. Keywords: Children, basic movements, motivation, forms of play.

Study on the Identification of Execution Errors, Causes, and Specific Corrective Kinetic and Prophylactic Means in Free Throws in Basketball

The identification of execution errors in real-time correction through an innovative specific device to free throw refinement, and through corrective kinetic and prophylactic exercises adapted to basketball game. The study included 92 subjects structured into sports categories: U14, U16, U18, and by gender: female (46 subjects) and male (46 subjects). Subjects were observed to identify the incidence of execution errors in free throws, their causes and correction methods during the study's testing. The study results highlight the decrease in the number of execution errors between the final and initial testing due to the implementation of innovative technology specific to free throw refinement and the application of specific corrective kinetic and prophylactic exercises. For all junior and gender categories of the study, the number of errors decreased in the final testing compared to the initial one, highlighting the importance of identifying errors and causes in real-time and correcting them through specific means.

The Effect of Core Strength Training on Free Throw and Vertical Jump Performance in Basketball

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of core training on free throw and vertical jump performance in basketball. The study sample consisted of 18 female basketball players with an average age of 11.36 ± .505 years who had been playing basketball for 2 years and voluntarily participated in the study. The sample group was selected using the convenience sampling method, so no power analysis was performed. The athletes were randomly divided into two groups, the experimental group and the control group, with 9 athletes in each group. The average age of the experimental and control groups was 11.36 ± 0.505 years and 12 ± 0.632 years, respectively, the average height was 151.64 ± 9.124 cm and 142.45 ± 4.634 cm, respectively, and the body weight was 40.55 ± 7.461 kg and 45.55 ± 5.298 kg, respectively. While the participants in the experimental group completed the core training program twice a week for eight weeks, no training program was carried out in the control group. Participants were asked to make 10 free throws each, including before and after the test, and those who hit 10 were recorded. The t-test for independent samples was used to analyze the data (p < 0.05). As a result of the study, it was found that core training positively influenced the free throw performance of 11-13 year old basketball players (p=.017), while no statistical significance was reached for vertical jump performance (p=.351).

The power of human touch: Physical contact improves performance in basketball free throws

How pervasive is the power of human touch? Physical touch by other humans shows social support and alleviates stress – stress that may otherwise interfere with performance in athletic tasks. We argue that physical touch improves performance in highly stressful situations: free throws in basketball. In two studies (Ntotal = 60 NCAAW games, ktotal = 835 free throw tandems), we assessed how often teammates touched the shooting player (e.g., a tap on the shoulder) in between shooting two free throws. We find that the extent of touch (i.e., being touched by 0, 1, 2, 3, or all 4 teammates) after the first free throw predicted success with the second free throw, but only when players missed the first free throw (integrated data analysis: main effect hand taps: b = 0.47, p = .021; main effect first free throw: b = 1.36, p = .019; interaction effect: b = −0.55, p = .024). We argue that this means that teammates’ support expressed in physical touch helps particularly when stress levels are already high. Results are robust when controlling for players’ skill level, home versus away games, point difference, and remaining playing time. More frequent touch was also tendentially associated with teams' season success (ACC-teams only, main effect of hand taps: b = −0.42, p = .062). Physical touch thus indeed boosts performance under stress, superseding a range of other factors, likely also in other team sports and interpersonal relationships.

Visual search strategies of performance monitoring used in action anticipation of basketball players.

Numerous studies have found that expert players anticipate better than novices. If more accurate prediction represents performance monitoring of experts, what are the advantages of elite basketball players in identifying and processing available cues? There is still a lack of sufficient evidence. This study examined the visual search in basketball players and explored the performance monitoring of action anticipation, adopting an expert-novice paradigm and eye-movement technology. Forty basketball players were recruited in this study: 20 in the expert group and 20 in the novice group. Participants were asked to predict the outcome of videotaped basketball throws and their accuracy and eye-movement characteristics were record. The accuracy of the expert was significantly higher than that of the novice. The experts were able to instantly search and identify important cues in anticipation, and the gaze area of the experts was concentrated on the area of interest of the body. Additionally, the expert group showed long, repetitive, and rapid visual search of vital information, and improved their performance of the task. The experts could monitor the performance of prediction by grabbing vital shooting information (such as the body of a player). The results suggest the athletes and coaches that if they want to improve the ability of prediction, it may be useful to shift their focus of attention from ball trajectory to body action.

Correlational study: Sports Students' special test results and basic athletic training learning outcomes

Introduction: The special test is an instrument that is carried out to select prospective students who have motor skills to be able to take part in sports practice lectures at FIK UNP. However, the grades for athletic practice courses were relatively low, leading to the emergence of various assumptions that the special tests carried out in selecting prospective students had little role. This study aims to see the relationship between the results of special tests with the learning outcomes of basic athletic practice for students majoring in coaching FIK UNP. Materials and methods: This type of research is quantitative descriptive research with a correlation study. The instruments used to obtain specific test results are the wall pass test, Basket Ball Throw, Standing Broad Jump, and Obstacle Race. Furthermore, on the learning outcomes of athletic practice through learning outcome data. This study was conducted on sports education students at FIK UNP using a Total Sampling sampling technique, with a total of 39 students taking basic athletics courses sampled. In terms of data verification, only 33 students were used for analytical computations. The SPSS version 26 application was used to help with the analysis in this investigation. Results: Based on the results of the special test correlation test with the results of the 100-meter run, it is known that the significance value is 0.000 > 0.05, which means there is a significant relationship. The results of the special test with discus throwing results are known, a significance value of 0.000 > 0.05, so there is a significant relationship between the special test and discus throwing results. Furthermore, special tests with the results of basic athletic results are known to have a significant value of 0.000 > 0.05, so there is a significant relationship between the special tests and the results of basic athletic results in students. Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence that there is a significant relationship between the results of special tests and the learning outcomes of basic athletic practice in FIK UNP students. Where these results have provided a new reference related to the learning outcomes of basic athletic practice. Furthermore, you can find information related to factors that influence the learning outcomes of basic athletic practice in sports students. Keywords: Special Tests, Practical Learning Results, Basic Athletics, Sports Students

Application of the ADDIE Model in the Teaching Practice of Basketball Skills

Abstract This paper establishes a mathematical model of basketball sports based on an ADDIE model. This paper takes basketball players’ pitching as the research object. Then use the ADDIE model method to analyze the best angle of the goal to improve the accuracy of basketball throwing. Firstly, this paper establishes the dynamic model of basketball movement and then shows the equation of basketball movement trajectory. Then this paper uses the ADDIE model to optimize and solve the best angle of basketball. At the same time, this paper proposes a motion control of basketball rotation motion using adaptive trajectory correction technology. Finally, this paper analyzes the optimal angle of a basketball's rotation projection. The numerical simulation proves that it is feasible to use the ADDIE model to solve the optimal angle of the basketball's rotating body. The method proposed in this paper achieves good results in angle correction and trajectory tracking. This method has a good application prospect in establishing the rotational projection motion model of sports tourism basketball.

The Impact of Different Attentional Focus Strategies During Modeling on the Acquisition and Retention of Free Throws in Basketball

Background: In recent years, coaches and athletes have increasingly used observation as a tool for teaching and learning sports skills. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of modeling, using internal and external attentional focus strategies, on the acquisition and retention of free throw shooting in basketball. Methods: Forty-five female beginner basketball players (aged 21.62 ± 3.08 years, with a BMI of 23.48 ± 0.99 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in this study. Based on their pre-test scores using the ABBA method, they were divided into three groups: One group received modeling with an internal attention focus strategy, another group received modeling with an external attention focus strategy, and a control group. A video demonstrating the correct throwing technique was used to teach the attention-focusing strategies, and the groups did not receive any physical training. After watching the video, participants performed their own throwing attempts. Following group allocation, the participants entered the acquisition phase, which consisted of six sessions, with each session including two sets of ten attempts and a 2-minute rest period between sets. One-way analysis of variance was used for both immediate and delayed recall tests, and data analysis was conducted using SPSS 20 software.” Results: The study found a significant difference in free throw performance between the three modeling groups (internal attention focus, external attention focus, and control) during both the acquisition and delayed retention stages (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant difference in basketball free throw performance between the three modeling groups during the recall test (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, the results suggest that observational learning, combined with attentional focus strategies, is an effective method for improving skill acquisition and retention in basketball.

Impact of free throws in basketball

Impact of free throws in basketball

The Impact of Different Attentional Focus Strategies During Modeling on the Acquisition and Retention of Free Throws in Basketball

Background: In recent years, coaches and athletes have increasingly used observation as a tool for teaching and learning sports skills. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of modeling, using internal and external attentional focus strategies, on the acquisition and retention of free throw shooting in basketball. Methods: Forty-five female beginner basketball players (aged 21.62 ± 3.08 years, with a BMI of 23.48 ± 0.99 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in this study. Based on their pre-test scores using the ABBA method, they were divided into three groups: One group received modeling with an internal attention focus strategy, another group received modeling with an external attention focus strategy, and a control group. A video demonstrating the correct throwing technique was used to teach the attention-focusing strategies, and the groups did not receive any physical training. After watching the video, participants performed their own throwing attempts. Following group allocation, the participants entered the acquisition phase, which consisted of six sessions, with each session including two sets of ten attempts and a 2-minute rest period between sets. One-way analysis of variance was used for both immediate and delayed recall tests, and data analysis was conducted using SPSS 20 software.” Results: The study found a significant difference in free throw performance between the three modeling groups (internal attention focus, external attention focus, and control) during both the acquisition and delayed retention stages (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant difference in basketball free throw performance between the three modeling groups during the recall test (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, the results suggest that observational learning, combined with attentional focus strategies, is an effective method for improving skill acquisition and retention in basketball.

A Study on the Dynamic of Heart Rate when Executing Free Throws in Basketball

The objective of the research centered on how the pulse oximeter was used to identify heart rate dynamics when performing free throws under standardised conditions in the male and female experimental groups (U14-U18). The study was conducted in 2021, and the functional test consisted of monitoring the heart rate with the help of the pulse oximeter during the execution of the ‚’10 Experimental Throws Test’ used to identify how the heart rate varies during the execution of free throws. In the case of the functional test, heart rate differences monitored with the pulse oximeter, recorded between the initial and final testing of the study, were statistically significant for all female and male experimental groups, showcasing the ability of the subjects to adapt and recover from the effort, which can have positive effects on their ability to concentrate and enhance their accuracy when executing free throws in basketball.

A multi-scale analysis of basketball throw in virtual reality for tracking perceptual-motor expertise.

To benefit from virtual reality (VR) as a complementary tool for training, coaches must determine the proper tools and variables for tracking sports performance. We explored the basketball shooting at several scales (basket-ball, ball-player, and player systems) by monitoring success-rate, and ball and body kinematics. We measured how these scales of analysis allowed tracking players' expertise and perceptual sensitivity to basket distance. Experienced and novice players were instructed to naturally throw and swish an instrumented ball in a stereoscopically rendered virtual basket. We challenged their perceptual-motor systems by manipulating the distance of the virtual basket while keeping the surrounding environment unchanged. The success-rate accounted for the players' shooting adjustments to the manipulation of basket distance and allowed tracking their expertise. Ball kinematics also reflected the manipulation of distance and allowed detecting gender, but did not reflect the players' expertise. Finally, body kinematics variables did not echo players' adjustments to the distance manipulation but reflected their expertise and gender. The results gained at each scale of analysis are discussed with regard to the simulator's construct, biomechanical, and psychological fidelity.

Muscle synergy during free throw shooting in basketball is different between scored and missed shots.

The current study investigated the differences in synergy during a free throw in basketball and compared synergies between scored and missed shots. A total of six men's college basketball players participated in this study. A wireless electromyographic system was used to measure the activity of 16 trunk, and upper and lower extremity muscles while completing the free throw. In total, three scored and missed shots each were analyzed to extract the synergies using non-negative matrix factorization. Overall, four synergies were extracted from the successfully made shots, and three synergies were extracted for the missed shot; two synergies were shared between scored and missed shots. The one synergy that contributes to the shoulder flexion was used to set the ball and activate the initial stage of the free throw. Another synergy that contributes the palmar flexion was used to release the ball and activate the final stage of the free throw. The other two synergies in scored shot contribute to lower and upper limb extension in sequence to promote the energy transfer in the middle to the final stage of the free throw. On the other hand, there was only a synergy that corresponded to the middle to the final stage of the free throw extracted from the missed shot. Since the movements of the lower and upper extremity extensions are performed even on a missed shot, we believe that working the from the lower to the upper limb “in sequence,” rather than working the lower and upper limbs “simultaneously,” may influence the success of the shot.

Objectivity, Reliability, and Validity of the Basketball Throw Test as a Health-related Measure of Upper-Body Muscular Strength in a Sample of Algerian Primary School Children

ABSTRACT This study investigated the objectivity, reliability, and the validity of the Basketball Throw Test (BTT) as an upper-body muscular strength measure. Participants (33 boys and 32 girls; mean age = 8.75 ± 1.47) performed the BTT on 2 occasions (1-week apart), and the hand-grip test as criterion measure. The objectivity and reliability were estimated using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) and graphically examined according to the Bland-Altman approach. Pearson correlation coefficient and the known-differences method was employed to determine validity. The BTT demonstrated high objectivity ICC2,1 = 0.90 (95% CI, 0.84–0.94), reliability ICC2,1 = 0.91 (95% CI, 0.86–0.95) and validity (r = 0.77, p <.001). The Bland–Altman method graphically confirmed intraclass correlation data. The significant difference in the BTT scores between 6-year-old children (1.61 ± 0.23) and 10-year-old children (t = −12.64, p < .001) provided additional support of validity. The BTT test is a feasible measure of upper-body muscular strength in school-aged children.

The study effect of focus of Attention instructions on motor skills learning: Difference in children’s learning process

The limited information processing capacity of individuals forces coaches in various sports to turn their attention to the main and important parts of the movement by providing instructions. One of the most important factors in the effectiveness of instructions is to focus on individual. It is very important to pay attention to this issue in children. By study the effects of instructions of attention on children's free-throwing learning skills, this study will help determine which type of instructions of attention are most useful for children. Tools and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, It is chosen 42 girl students randomly who aged 9 to 11 years old in 18 district of Tehran and divided in three groups: internal focus attention, external focus attention, and control. After introduction the primary instructions and watching instructional movie related to basketball free throw, the participates thrown five times in test way then in acquisition phase, made 100 attempts in two sessions during two sequencing days. Each session included two blocks of 10-attempts and recovery time in 2 minute among blocks. The retention test included two blocks of 10-attempt that token 48 hours after last acquisition session. It is used covariance analysis test (3(group)* 10(throw)) in acquisition phase and LSD test to analyze the data. Resuit: The result showed that the internal focus attention group performed better than the control group in acquisition phase (P = 0.012), there isn’t significant difference between external focus attention group's mean (P = 0.084). also there isn’t significant difference between internal focus attention group's mean and external one (P = 0.401). In other words, internal focus led to an improvement in basketball throwing performance in children at the acquisition stage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of focus instructions on motor skills learning in children. The results of free throw performance scores did not show any significant difference between the groups during retention, but showed the advantage of using internal attention in the acquisition stage. A theoretical understanding of how different instructions can have practical implications for teachers and educators in helping learners for acquire skills, and changes in performance and learning processes depend on both task and performance, and no definitive conclusion can be drawn as to which The type of focus is useful for children's learning, and educators should take on the role of facilitator in guiding learners, regardless of the type of focus provided in different areas of learning.

Movement Pattern Analysis of Layup, Jump Shot and Free Throw in Basketball

Basketball sport originated as a non-contact sport but recently it has evolved into physically more challenging in which contact is accepted and expected. This transition of the sports has increased the injury rates substantially. Basketball includes multiple movements such as jumps, turns and change of direction, running and deceleration in its various movements of jump shot, free throw and layup shot. The complexities of these movements imposes various demands on basketball players, which makes it more important to know the health oriented aspects of the movement. This review explains the movement pattern analysis of these basketball specific movements in detail which can help the physiotherapist to plan the injury prevention strategies for their athletes. KEY WORDS: Basketball, Basketball Movements, Jump Shot, Layup Shot, Basketball Free Throw.

A 3-year school-based intervention improved physical fitness and reduced the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Italian prepubertal children.

Schools constitute the ideal setting in which children's physical activity, physical fitness, and health status can improve. However, intervention protocols and their effectiveness vary considerably. The purpose of the study was to investigate the differences in physical fitness and overweight and obesity prevalence between children attending structured physical education classes held by a specialized teacher (EXP) or traditional classes of equal duration held by an ordinary teacher (TRAD). Anthropometric and fitness parameters were assessed in a convenience sample of 12,519 1st grade schoolchildren over 3 subsequent school years. Six field-based tests were used to assess physical fitness. Physical fitness improved more in the EXP group than in the TRAD group, except for flexibility (sit and reach). At the end of the 3rd year, the EXP children performed better than did the TRAD children (P<0.001) in Léger (girls: +34%, boys: +30%), agility shuttle (girls: -10%, boys: -9%), long jump (girls: +9%, boys: +8%), frontal basketball throw (girls: +11%, boys: +10%), and standing balance (girls: +18%, boys: +28%). The prevalence of obesity and overweight was 5% lower in the EXP than in the TRAD group at the 3-year follow-up. The proposed teacher-driven intervention, which was focused on the quality rather than the duration of time spent in the gym during school hours, was effective in improving children's physical fitness. Furthermore, the decrease in the prevalence of obesity and overweight suggests the intervention can improve heavier children's weight status.

Video analysis of basketball throws for parabolic motion learning materials

The material of parabolic motion is one of the materials considered difficult by most high school students. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the parabolic motion with a contextual approach to throwing a basketball. The research method used was descriptive experimental, namely recording a video of throwing a basketball at a variation of the distance of 2 m, 3 m and 5 m from the thrower’s foot to the hoof. The video was analyzed using tracker software and the parameters measured were time of the ball to fly in the air, the farthest distance, maximum height and total velocity. The results obtained show that distance is directly proportional to time. The thrower was at a distance of 5 m from the foot of the basketball hoop represents more perfect parabolic motion. The conclusion is that basketball games can be used as a contextual approach to the parabolic motion material.

Analisis Motor Ability Mahasiswa Pendidikan Jasmani

In producing good and quality learning in sports education, it needs to be equipped with good motoric movements in order to achieve goals and follow the learning contained in the physical education curriculum, so that the expected graduates can be achieved. This study aims to determine the level of motor skills of physical education students of Universitas Islam Riau. This research is a quantitative descriptive study, the method used is a survey method in the form of tests and measurements to physical education students. The population used in this study was all physical education students in semester 1 of the 2019/2020 academic year with a total of 224 people. While the sample of 144 people was selected by random sampling. The instrument used was the motor ability test from Harol M. Barrow in the form of a test battery with a validity coefficient of 0.92 with a series of tests; wall pass, basketball throw, broad jump and 4.sec. The results of the research on the level of motor skills of physical education students at the Universitas Islam Riau were mostly in the moderate category.

The Contribution of The Strength of Leg Muscle and Eye-Hand Coordination Toward The Ability of Free Throws in Basketball

The Contribution of The Strength of Leg Muscle and Eye-Hand Coordination Toward The Ability of Free Throws in Basketball