Three-year Period Of Study Research Articles

Динамика карьерных ориентаций будущих педагогов: результаты межвузовского исследования

One of the reasons for the shortage of teaching staff in various countries around the world is the problem of attracting young staff to schools and their rapid dismissal. This situation actualizes the issues of studying the motivational bases for choosing a teaching profession. Tracking changes in students' career choice preferences can be facilitated by monitoring students' career orientations at different stages of their studies. The study aims to explore the dynamics of career orientations of student teachers from universities of various types over a three-year period of study. As a method of repeated research, the methodology for determining career orientations by Shein (adapted by Vinokurova and Chiker) was used. Analysis of the universities’ curricula was carried out to determine the characteristics of the educational process organization. With the help of a questionnaire, socio-demographic and motivational-professional characteristics of students were identified. Five hundred and four 3rd-year students from 6 universities of different types, who had already taken part in the first stage of the study in 2022, became participants in this study. The analysis of the obtained data allowed to identify the preservation of main career orientations (service, job stability and integration of lifestyles) among students. The convergence of the indicators of career orientations among students from different universities was established.

Years of life lost due to unintentional drug overdose relative to the leading underlying causes of death in the United States: a comparative analysis of excess mortality 2017–2019

The present study aims to compare Years of Life Lost for unintentional drug overdose and the leading underlying causes of death in the United States annually from 2017 to 2019. Years of Life Lost provide valuable context to incident deaths when comparing the relative mortality burden of underlying causes of death. Prior research has shown unintentional drug overdose was the third leading cause of Years of Life Lost in the state of Ohio in 2017. However, this finding has yet to be replicated at the national level in the US. Death statistics for 2017–2019 were accessed via CDC WONDER. Years of Life Lost were calculated for unintentional drug overdose and each of the top five causes of incident deaths in the US during the study period. Unintentional drug overdose caused nearly seven million Years of Life Lost in the US during the three-year period of study and was the fourth leading cause of Years of Life Lost after cancer, heart disease and other accidents. Incidence alone provides an incomplete picture of the effect of unintentional drug overdose on overall mortality burden in the US. Years of Life Lost give critical context to the overdose crisis, underscoring unintentional drug overdose as a leading cause of premature mortality.

SPACE TIME CLUSTERS OF DENGUE FEVER IN MEDAN MUNICIPALITY, NORTH SUMATERA, INDONESIA

Dengue fever (DF) infection continues to present as a serious public health problem in Medan municipality, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The number of DF cases continuously increasing recently. However, space time clusters of DF have not been investigated yet. A study was undertaken to detect clusters of DF incidence during 2015-2018 in Medan. Spatial geo-reference was conducted to 151 village coordinates by geocoding each village’s offices. A retrospective space-time scan statistic analysis based on population data and monthly DF incidence was performed using SaTScan TM v9.4.4. Data of DF during 1 January 2015-31 December 2018 were analyzed using Poisson model to identify the villages at high risk of DF. The test of significance of the identified clusters of DF was based on comparing the likelihood ratio (LLR) against the null distribution obtained from Monte Carlo hypothesis testing. Total number of permutation was set to 999 and the significance level was set as 0.05. The highest LLR number was determined as the most likely cluster, while the rests were as the secondary clusters. This analysis identified 13 significant clusters. These DF clusters were initially spatially concentrated in the southwest and center of Medan and the last two years of study moved towards the northern part and identified in the last four months (September-December) of each year, which were the rainy seasons in the area. Most likely clusters were most frequently detected in the last three-year period of study in Anggrung village. Thirteen statistically significant DF clusters were identified in the 2015-2018 period. This may assist health authorities to improve the DF preventive strategies and develop public health interventions especially in the cluster’s area.

The effects of a catastrophic forest fire on the biomass of submerged stream macrophytes

Primary production during the growing season in the low-gradient meadow streams of the Valles Caldera in northern New Mexico (USA) is dominated by submerged aquatic macrophytes. A catastrophic wildfire beginning on June 28, 2011, the Las Conchas fire, burned 36% of the East Fork Jemez River catchment above an intensively instrumented stream reach where water quality, hydrology, and aquatic ecology are being studied. Submerged macrophyte biomass in the late summer of 2011 was reduced about 20% after a series of high turbidity spates (>1200 NTU) in late July through early September. Stable flows and deposition of fire-related nutrient-rich sediments in the fall of 2011 led to maximum mean macrophyte biomass during the three-year period of study of 234 g ash free dry-mass (AFDM) m−2 in October of 2011. Peak mean biomass in 2012 was 228 g AFDM m−2 in September, during a growing season with only minor hydrologic and water quality disruptions. A major regional storm over multiple days in mid-September of 2013 produced the highest discharge during the three years of study with turbidities reaching ∼400 NTU. Peak mean biomass in 2013 did not reach levels measured in 2011 and 2012. Elodea canadensis was more sensitive to biomass removal during these high flow conditions while Ranunculus aquatilis added biomass following higher flow conditions in 2011 and 2013. Disturbance impacts on submerged macrophytes from major wildfires can be both negative and positive depending upon species types, stream hydrology, catchment geomorphology and water quality.

PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE ROSTOV REGION

Productivity of winter barley varieties is a main characteristic for their wide introduction into agricultural production. Yields and quality of grain are usually formed under influence of a complex set of conditions. Grain productivity depends on such factors as cultivation technology, hydrothermal regime, tolerance to unfavourable weather conditions. Plant moisture supply is the main factor for obtaining high yields of winter barley in the eastern part of the Rostov region. The study was conducted in the years of 2014-2016, which were characterized with different moisture supply. There were studied the varieties ‘Master’, ‘Tigr’, ‘Timofey’ and ‘Erema’ developed by the FSBSI ARC “Donskoy”. On average three varieties ‘Master’ (4.26 t/ha), ‘Timofey’ (4.18 t/ha) and ‘Erema’ 4.37 t/ha) gave the largest yields for three-year period of study. On average for three-year period of study the greatest quantity of protein was found in the variety ‘Tugr’ (11.7%), the greatest amount of starch was found in the variety ‘Timofey’ (59.2%).

REGULARITIES OF CHANGES OF PERIMETER PARAMETERS OF MALE CADETS IN CONDITIONS OF TEACHING-EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

Objective : to determine the features of the changes of perimeter body sizes of male cadets in the conditions of the pedagogical process at a higher educational institution of I level of accreditation. Material and methods . We have conducted longitudinal (I, II, III years of study) determination of perimeter body sizes of 87 male cadets and analyzed the features of the changes in these parameters in the conditions of the pedagogical process during a three-year period. The analysis of the indicators was conducted using «Statistica», 6.1 (StatSoft) by parametric methods of assessment. Results. Based on the obtained data we have defined the characteristic features of the annual changes of the perimeter body parameters during the three-year period of study in conditions of the pedagogical process of a civil defense college. We have determined the increase dynamics of most of the average indicators throughout the period of study at the civil defense college, except for the perimeters of the neck, pelvis and abdomen, where the decrease of the sizes has been found. Conclusions. We have revealed reliable differences when comparing the annual changes of the perimeters of the pelvis, abdomen, thorax (during a breathing pause, inhale, exhale), the shoulder, forearm, hand, thigh, upper third of the leg, the instep of the foot. The annual changes of perimeter sizes of the neck, pelvis and abdomen in the male cadets during the second year of training were bigger than during the first one. The perimeter increase parameters of the chest (during a breathing pause, inhale, exhale), shoulder, forearm, wrist, hand, hip, upper and lower third of the leg, foot, the instep of foot in the male cadets dominated when they were in the first year of study.

The impact of service quality on the viability of start-up businesses

A 3-year long survey was conducted in the Tshwane geographical region of Gauteng Province in South Africa in order to identify and quantify key predictors of adequate municipal services that are routinely provided to customers who operate newly established small businesses in the City of Tshwane, Pretoria, South Africa. Data was collected by using a structured, pre-tested and validated questionnaire of study from a stratified random sample of size 1, 058 small businesses. The key objective of study was to assess the relationship between viability in small businesses and the provision of quality municipal services by the City of Tshwane. The study was conducted against the background of a high failure rate among newly established small businesses in the City of Tshwane. The study was conducted over a 3-year period (2012 to 2014). Data was collected monthly during the three-year period of study on socioeconomic variables that are known to affect the perception of business operators on the quality of municipal services to business operators and the general public. Statistical procedures such as cross-tab analyses, panel data analysis, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms and Bayesian methods were used for estimating parameters. The study showed that there was a significant association between positive perception of business operators on the quality of municipal services provided to them and viability of businesses. The results showed that 87% of viable businesses were satisfied with the quality of routine municipal services that were provided to them by the City of Tshwane. The corresponding figure for non-viable businesses was only 14%. The viability of businesses was significantly influenced by 3 predictor variables. These predictor variables were: lack of capacity for fulfilling the business and entrepreneurial needs of newly established businesses [Hazard Ratio = 3.58; P=0.000; 95% C. I. = (1.45, 5.46)], inappropriate policy [Hazard Ratio = 3.19; P=0.000; 95% C. I. = (1.39, 5.28)], and lack of tailor made training programmes directed at newly established small businesses [Hazard Ratio = 2.89; P=0.000; 95% C. I. = (1.24, 4.77)], in a decreasing order of strength. Similar findings were obtained from the analyses of in-depth interviews.

Modeling the hydrologic response of groundwater dominated wetlands to transient boundary conditions: Implications for wetland restoration

A variably-saturated groundwater model, based on that of Freeze [Freeze, R.A., 1971. Three-dimensional, transient, saturated–unsaturated flow in a groundwater basin. Water Resources Research 7, 347–366.], was used to analyze the details of surface–groundwater interaction and resulting hydroperiods of a site undergoing wetland restoration (the Lake Station Wetland Restoration Site in Northwest Indiana, USA). The three-dimensional groundwater flow model couples the saturated and unsaturated zones through the use of van Genuchten’s [van Genuchten, M.T., 1980. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 44, 892–898.] characteristic equations. Initial estimates of hydraulic parameters were refined through a calibration exercise aimed at minimizing the discrepancy between simulated and measured water levels in seven wells within the study. Numerical simulations using the calibrated model, and driven by annual time series of rainfall and potential evaporation, were used to generate hydroperiod maps of surface saturation and root-zone saturation over a three-year period of study. This allowed identification of regularly saturated areas that would support hydric plants, as well as more rarely saturated areas that would require more dry tolerant species or additional hydrological remediation. The simulations also revealed the critical roles that topography, rainfall history, and antecedent conditions play in the hydrology of degraded wetlands that have been targeted for restoration.

Comparative assessment of runoff characteristics under different land use patterns within a Himalayan watershed

Large quantities of sediments leave the Himalaya through its rivers. These rivers are charged with sediments depending on the types of land use in the watersheds. Land use/cover change and hydrology was studied in a watershed in the Sikkim Himalaya. The land use change from forest and agroforestry to open agriculture has increased by 11% from 1988 to 1992. During the same period substantial areas of dense mixed forests have been converted to open mixed and degraded forests as a result of high pressure on natural resources. Stream flow was highest in the rainy season and lowest in summer season in all the streams and all the three years (1994-1997) of the study. The water quality of streams from different microwatersheds varied significantly between seasons and streams. Sediment and nutrient loss was estimated in microwatersheds and soil loss from the total watershed ranged from 4.18 to 8.82 t ha -1 yr -1 during the three-year period of study. The annual total nitrogen loss estimated at the watershed outlet was at a rate of 33 kg ha -1 , organic carbon 267 kg ha -1 and total phosphorus 5 kg ha -1 . This study suggests that the upland microwatersheds can be hydroecologically sustainable only if good forest cover and dense forests with large cardamom-based agroforestry are maintained.

Comparative assessment of runoff characteristics under different land use patterns within a Himalayan watershed

Large quantities of sediments leave the Himalaya through its rivers. These rivers are charged with sediments depending on the types of land use in the watersheds. Land use/cover change and hydrology was studied in a watershed in the Sikkim Himalaya. The land use change from forest and agroforestry to open agriculture has increased by 11% from 1988 to 1992. During the same period substantial areas of dense mixed forests have been converted to open mixed and degraded forests as a result of high pressure on natural resources. Stream flow was highest in the rainy season and lowest in summer season in all the streams and all the three years (1994–1997) of the study. The water quality of streams from different microwatersheds varied significantly between seasons and streams. Sediment and nutrient loss was estimated in microwatersheds and soil loss from the total watershed ranged from 4·18 to 8·82 t ha−1 yr−1 during the three-year period of study. The annual total nitrogen loss estimated at the watershed outlet was at a rate of 33 kg ha−1, organic carbon 267 kg ha−1 and total phosphorus 5 kg ha−1. This study suggests that the upland microwatersheds can be hydroecologically sustainable only if good forest cover and dense forests with large cardamom-based agroforestry are maintained. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Mobility and diagenesis of Pb and 210Pb in peat

Peatlands long have been considered to preserve the record of atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic contaminants such as Pb. In the past two decades, 210Pb has been widely used to date recent strata of peat and to calculate accumulation rates. The assumption that Pb and 210Pb are immobile and not subject to diagenesis in peat has been questioned but not rigorously tested. We attempted to determine if Pb is mobile in peatlands and if Pb profiles are altered by diagenic processes by constructing a mass balance for Pb about a small peatland, by comparing inventories, concentrations and accumulation rates of Pb and 210Pb in peatlands across northeastern North America and by examining the relationship between concentrations of Pb in bog waters and peat in numerous sites. Our results clearly demonstrate that Pb and 210Pb are mobilized by the organic-rich waters of peatlands. Profiles of Pb and 210Pb at depths below the water table do not preserve the record of atmospheric deposition and inventories of Pb and 210Pb are depleted in peatland hollows. Concentrations of Pb in bog waters are regulated by the concentration of Pb in the peat and the concentration of dissolved organic carbon. The mass balance for one bog indicated that over the specific three-year period of study more than 30% of inputs of Pb were not retained within the peat. As a result of this mobility, dates based on 210Pb can be biased and inaccurate by as much as 30 years. Dates based on 210Pb should be verified by other techniques, especially when the inventory of 210Pb is less than that expected from local rates of deposition.

Canadian Immigration: A New Law and a New Approach to Management

The long-awaited Immigration Bill now before the Canadian House of Commons, together with a companion bill to create a Commission on Employment and Immigration, represent radical new departures in Canadian immigration particularly in the field of planning and manage? ment. The Immigration Bill is the immediate outcome of a three-year period of study and consultation by government on the desirable future directions of Canadian immigration policy. The new Commission, to be created through a merger between the present Department of Manpower and Immigration and our Unemployment Insurance Commission, is to be a central element in the Canadian government's new employment strategy. This strategy is intended to facilitate a more integrated approach to the planning and administration of employment, unemployment and immigration programs in Canada and thereby?among other objectives?to tackle in a more effective way the problem of persistently high unemployment in Canada, particularly in our less prosperous provinces. We have certainly waited a long time for this Immigration Bill. The idea of improving or replacing our basic statute in this field, the Immigration Act of 1952, has been on and off the agenda of successive federal governments for twenty years. The Act was a poor and illiberal piece of legislation which vested an embarrassing amount of undefined discretionary power in the hands of the Minister and his officials and provoked almost immediate disatisfaction on the part of those who had to administer it, the legal profession and others. In 1955, the then Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, J.W. Pickersgill, secured the approval in principle of Cabinet to make some substantive changes in the Act, but in the end no action was taken; and this was the first of a long series of half? hearted efforts to revise the law itself, all of which came to nothing. Since 1952, improvements in immigration policy and process?with very few exceptions?have always been made by regulation, since no government, minister or group of officials until recently has had the foresight or stamina to undertake the kind of review which began three years ago, or