Three-port DC-DC Converter Research Articles

A Three-Port DC-DC Converter with Partial Power Regulation for a Photovoltaic Generator Integrated with Energy Storage

A novel integrated DC-DC converter is proposed for the first stage of two-stage grid connected photovoltaic (PV) systems with energy storage systems. The proposed three-port converter (TPC) consists of a buck–boost converter, interposed between the battery storage system and the DC-AC inverter, in series with PV modules. The buck–boost converter in the proposed TPC is utilized for maximum power point tracking by regulating two power switches. The output power of the proposed converter is regulated by controlling the DC-AC converter. During the battery-charging mode, partial power regulation is employed with a direct power flow path (the series-connection of the PV panel, the battery and the output). As resistances in this path are almost negligible, the power conversion efficiency is higher than existing topologies. During battery-discharging mode, the power conversion is processed through a buck–boost converter with only two active power switches and one inductor. With fewer components, higher power conversion efficiency is also achieved. The circuit operation and analysis are presented in detail. To illustrate the simplicity of the converter control, the performance of the converter is tested with a straightforward maximum power point tracking on a PV system with battery cells. Simulation and experimental tests are carried out to demonstrate circuit operation and power conversion efficiency.

A Three-Port DC-DC Converter Combined Configuration Method for PV-Battery Power Systems based on Prognostic Anticipating Controller Algorithm

The Photovoltaic (PV) system is renewable energy developed nowadays in the power generation system and it is connected to the grid. This grid-tie PV system is used to generate power and utilize consumer applications, in the grid-tie PV system the output is not efficient because of the saturation of the sunlight in the PV array and it's affected the power quality and stability of this system. In this proposed Prognostic Anticipating Controller Algorithm (PACA) system, a DC synchronization with PV and ESS is proposed to achieve improved power quality and the losses are less to compare the existing method. Due to the concern with energy emergencies, the energy obtained from sunlight is considered the most capable conventional resource. Hence, the maximum power point tracking approach is necessary for obtaining enhanced efficiency from solar panels. In the case of Direct Current (DC) application, the output obtained from the Photovoltaic (PV) array cannot be directly connected to electronic devices. For regulating the output from the PV array, the DC-DC converter is provided in between the load and the array. The converter design plays a significant role in tracking the maximum power point of the solar panel. The PACA logic controller is employed in the generation of optimal control pulse for the DC-DC converter. Moreover, in the solar photovoltaic system, the steady-state operation is performed and the various solar irradiance results are analyzed.

High-Frequency Three-Port DC–DC Converter With Zero-Voltage Switching Operation

In this paper, an isolated zero voltage switching three-port DC-DC converter (TPC) using a planer transformer is proposed and operated for the frequency of 1MHz. The proposed converter has a bidirectional operation. In the proposed converter, the main transformer is used to isolate low dc voltage ports from the high dc voltage port and to increase the voltage conversion ratio of the secondary side port, which supplies the load. The proposed converter is partially isolated TPC and has the advantage of galvanically isolation between one of the ports which are interfaced to the main load and the other two ports (input and storage-side ports) are non-isolated and common-grounded. The proposed converter is compared with other recent converters of the same type, and it is concluded that the proposed converter has achieved the capabilities of having an isolated structure with lower volume, interfacing three different dc voltages in the three dc ports, having the bidirectional operation, high voltage gain, zero voltage switching operation of all four switches, simple switching pattern, achieving simple controlling way for all ranges of duty cycles both step-up and step-down operations, utilizing a nonlinear digital controlling system, smaller size, higher operating frequency, higher efficiency, and high power density.

A Novel Systematic Topology Derivation Method for Single-Inductor Three-Port DC-DC Converters from Separate Components

A Novel Systematic Topology Derivation Method for Single-Inductor Three-Port DC-DC Converters from Separate Components

A High-Gain Three-Port DC-DC Converter with Soft-Switching for Renewable Energy System Applications

A High-Gain Three-Port DC-DC Converter with Soft-Switching for Renewable Energy System Applications

High Voltage-Gain Common-Ground Three-Port DC-DC Converter With Low Current Ripples on the PV Source for Standalone Applications

High Voltage-Gain Common-Ground Three-Port DC-DC Converter With Low Current Ripples on the PV Source for Standalone Applications

A ZVS Three-Port DC-DC Converter Based on Coupled Inductor for Fuel Cell Vehicle

A ZVS Three-Port DC-DC Converter Based on Coupled Inductor for Fuel Cell Vehicle

Implementation and Control of Multiport Grid Integrated Hybrid Energy Interface for EV Charging Application

EV charging combined with distributed energy storage (ES) devices could be utilized to send power to the grid during peak hours, mitigating the effects of load shedding. In order to achieve these goals, a hybrid multi-port charging system is developed in this study to properly manage power flows and balance energy. It is made up of a PFC bridge rectifier that is linked to an isolated three-port dc-dc converter that includes a series resonant (SRC) and a DAB converter for fast and slow charging applications, respectively. To maximize efficiency and power density, the ports share a 400 V common DC link. Grid-to-vehicle (G2V) mode is used to charge EV and ES vehicles from the utility grid; PV-to-grid (PV2G) mode is used to deliver PV energy to the grid; renewable-to-vehicle (R2V) mode is used to charge EV and ES batteries; and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mode is used by EV and ES to deliver stored energy to the grid. The charging system’s performance and operation are validated in real time using MATLAB/Simulink under various operating situations. The system’s total harmonic distortion (THD) for the supply current is 2.07%. The suggested system is also compared against a state-of-the-art multiport charging system to assess its performance.

Research on Power Decoupling and Parameter Mismatch of Three-Port Isolated Resonant DC–DC Converter Applied Switch-Controlled Capacitor

In order to realize the controllable power decoupling and eliminate the influence of the parameter error of the resonant elements, a three-port DC-DC converter applied switch-controlled capacitor is proposed. The operating principle and transmission power expression of the proposed three-port converter under triple-phase-shift control are analyzed. By adjusting the phase shift angle of the switch-controlled capacitor (SCC) to adjust the resonant frequency of the resonant tanks, the topology-level power decoupling of the circuit at a constant frequency can be achieved. The addition of switch-controlled capacitors provides more freedom for power regulation between ports. Besides, according to the proposed converter, a design method for the parameters of the resonant tank is proposed to eliminate the adverse effects caused by the parameter error of the resonant elements. Then an optimized triple-phase-shift modulation strategy is adopted to achieve the minimum RMS value of the resonant converter. An experimental prototype was designed to verify the correctness of the proposed converter and modulation strategy.

Three-Port Bi-Directional DC–DC Converter with Solar PV System Fed BLDC Motor Drive Using FPGA

The increased need for renewable energy systems to generate power, store energy, and connect energy storage devices with applications has become a major challenge. Energy storage using batteries is most appropriate for energy sources like solar, wind, etc. A non-isolated three-port DC–DC-converter energy conversion unit is implemented feeding the brushless DCmotor drive. In this paper, a non-isolated three-port converter is designed and simulated for battery energy storage, interfaced with an output drive. Based on the requirements, the power extracted from the solar panel during the daytime is used to charge the batteries through the three-port converter. The proposed three-port converter is analyzed in terms of operating principles and power flow. An FPGA-based NI LabView PXI with SbRio interface is used to develop the suggested approach’s control hardware, and prototype model results are obtained to test the proposed three-port converter control system’s effectiveness and practicality. The overall efficiency of the converter’s output improves as a result. The success rate is 96.5 percent while charging an ESS, 98.1 percent when discharging an ESS, and 95.7 percent overall.

Topology synthesis and control of integrated three-port converter for renewable energy system

This paper presents topology synthesis and control of a non-isolated three-port dc-dc Cuk converter (TPCC) for a renewable energy system (RES). The proposed control structure is composed of a decoupling network to address the inevitable cross-coupling effect of multiport converters present due to various interacting control loops. In addition, a PI-lead compensator is designed to achieve improved steady-state and transient performance in each operating mode of TPCC. Furthermore, an autonomous mode selection (AMS) technique is proposed to achieve a seamless transition between different operating modes. The AMS technique automatically shifts the operating modes of TPCC by comparing the available instantaneous power at each port to maintain an uninterruptable power supply to the load. Moreover, a state-space averaging method is adopted for modeling different operating modes and transfer functions of TPCC. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm are validated with the help of a laboratory prototype.

A switched quasi Z-source three-port (SqZSTP) DC-DC converter for a photovoltaic power generation system

In this paper, a modified wide-input switched quasi Z-source three-port (SqZSTP) DC-DC converter is proposed to interface a photovoltaic inverter with a distributed power generation system. The proposed SqZSTP DC-DC converter constructed with a quasi Z-source impedance network and a three-winding high-frequency transformer offers high voltage gain over a wide input voltage range. In the proposed topology, the input port is divided into two ports, to reduce the power rating and voltage stress across each component. The design and operating principles of the SqZSTP DC-DC converter are presented. The steady state and dynamic performance of the proposed SqZSTP DC-DC converter are compared to other converters that have an impedance network in front. The fuzzy logic controller used in the voltage loop avoids variation in the output voltage when a wide variation in the input voltage happens. In order to test the proposed topology, a scaled-down model with a voltage and power rating of 400 V/1400 W was developed. AT conversion efficiency of 94.5% is achieved.

An Integrated Topology of Three-Port DC-DC Converter for PV-Battery Power Systems

This paper introduces an integrated topology of isolated three-port dc-dc converter (TPC) to interface Photovoltaic (PV) and battery for standalone system. To guarantee zero circulating current flow between different ports while permitting bidirectional power flow at the battery port, auxiliary switches are utilized with the active bridges of the proposed TPC topology. In addition, a simple switching scheme based on Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is proposed for the input ports of the TPC. This action eliminates the need for the phase shift modulation used for conventional isolated TPCs. While the PV port is controlled to track the maximum power point, the battery port is managed to regulate the load voltage. The paper presents the detailed mathematical analysis of the different operation modes of the proposed integrated TPC topology and the estimated control limits during charging and discharging of the battery. Consequently, dynamic limiters for the duty cycle of each port are set. The proposed integrated TPC based PV-battery system is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC software package to validate the analysis of different operation modes and to assess the dynamic performance of the system. Moreover, experimental results are presented to authenticate different operation modes of the proposed TPC topology and to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the integrated PV-battery system.

Design and implementation of a three-port DC-DC converter

In order to resolve the problems of low efficiency and poor stability of traditional renewable energy systems, a three-port DC-DC converter for photovoltaic (PV) power systems and its control method are proposed in this paper. Firstly, the operating principles of the three-port DC-DC converter are analyzed in detail, and then, its topology are described. The proposed converter features simple topology, thus leading to high efficiency. Furthermore, the control method for the converter has been proposed for realizing constant voltage closed-loop control and maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Its operation can be transited mode automatically according to the photovoltaic power. Finally, the experimental data are given to verify the high efficiency and the feasibility of the converter.

A novel non-isolated three-port bidirectional DC-DC converter for off-grid solar-powered charging for electric and hydrogen vehicles using STM32 microcontroller

A novel non-isolated three-port bidirectional DC-DC converter for off-grid solar-powered charging for electric and hydrogen vehicles using STM32 microcontroller

A novel non-isolated three-port bidirectional DC-DC converter for off-grid solar powered charging for electric and hydrogen vehicle using STM32 microcontroller

A novel non-isolated three-port bidirectional DC-DC converter for off-grid solar powered charging for electric and hydrogen vehicle using STM32 microcontroller

PV Module Integrated Dual Boost Three-Port dc-dc Converter–Fed T-Type Multilevel Inverter for Shunt Active Power Filters

Abstract The emerging number of nonlinear loads has given elevated interest in developing shunt active power filters (SHAPF) to eliminate the grid issues resulting from the current distortions. This paper proposes an improved photovoltaic (PV) module integrated dual boost high step-up three-port isolated direct current (dc)-dc converter to deliver high output voltage for the low-voltage input. A three-phase three-level (3P3L) T-type inverter is operated as a SHAPF to eliminate the current harmonics. The T-type 3P3L multilevel inverter (MLI) incorporated with the proposed system reduces the number of switches and gate driver circuits compared with widely used MLI. The proposed system generates the compensation current to eliminate the current harmonics in the three-phase distribution network by means of the SHAPF dc-link voltage control. A dc-space vector control scheme is incorporated to generate the firing pulses for the MLI. A comparative evaluation of the latest MLIs reveals that the proposed topology requires a lower quantity of dc sources and power semiconductor switches. In order to validate the operation of the proposed topology, the simulation and experimental consequences of a 3P3L PV-integrated dual boost three-port (DBTP) dc-dc converter–fed T-type MLI-based SHAPF controlled by the DBTP dc-dc converter are presented.

Three-port DC-DC converter based on LCL resonant dual active bridge and its decoupling control

Three-port DC-DC converter based on LCL resonant dual active bridge and its decoupling control

Multy-modality Switch Modeling and Simulation of A Three-port DC-DC Converter

A three-port DC-DC converter (TPC) for photo-voltaic (PV) electric vehicle (EV) was presented in this paper. A PV module and a battery consist of the power supply for electric vehicle. A boost converter helps the PV module to output maximum power. A sepic-zeta converter helps the battery to be charged by PV power or output power for EV. A cuk converter was used to keep the stability of output voltage for load. There are five modalities for the TPC model and three applications were simulated to verify the performance of different modality switching. The simulation results show that the given TPC model have some advantages, such as small steady errors, short transient times and small fluctuation of voltage and power. This TPC can be used in EV to provide a steady voltage for motor and extend the driving distance.

A Method of Seamless Transitions Between Different Operating Modes for Three-Port DC-DC Converters

This paper presents the design of three-port converters (TPCs) for smooth transitions (i.e., fast settling time, and no obvious overshoot/undershoot) of 7 distinctive operating modes, depending on sources and loads scheduling. Two viable converter configurations have been identified and selected for further analysis and design of PV-battery systems. Conventionally, mode transition is achieved by assigning specific switching patterns through feedback signals and appropriate control algorithms. This incurs a delay in the response and unavoidable noise in the circuit. Additionally, in TPCs, three voltage sensors and three current sensors are generally required for decision making in mode selection, where errors in sensors may lead to an inaccurate response. This paper presents a new control strategy where the number of switching patterns is significantly reduced to 3 patterns instead of minimum 5 patterns for existing reported topologies. Therefore, decisions are simplified so that the transition occurs naturally based on the power availability and load demand but not deliberately as in the conventional method. In addition, instead of six sensors, three voltage sensors and only one current sensor are required to achieve all the necessary operations, namely, MPPT, battery protection, and output regulation. Moreover, these sensors do not participate in mode selection decision, which leads to seamless and fast mode transition. In addition, this work considers two bidirectional ports as compared with only one bidirectional port in most reported topologies. This configuration enables both standalone and DC grid-connected applications. Experimental results are reported to verify the proposed solution.