Three-level Structure Research Articles

Efficient implementation of quantum permutation algorithm using a polar SrO molecule in pendular states

Quantum algorithms offer more enhanced computational efficiency in comparison to their classical counterparts when solving specific tasks. In this study, we implement the quantum permutation algorithm utilizing a polar molecule within an external electric field. The selection of the molecular qutrit involves the utilization of field-dressed states generated through the pendular modes of SrO. Through the application of multi-target optimal control theory, we strategically design microwave pulses to execute logical operations, including Fourier transform, oracle U f operation, and inverse Fourier transform within a three-level molecular qutrit structure. The observed high fidelity of our outcomes is intricately linked to the concept of the quantum speed limit, which quantifies the maximum speed of quantum state manipulation. Subsequently, we design the optimized pulse sequence to successfully simulate the quantum permutation algorithm on a single SrO molecule, achieving remarkable fidelity. Consequently, a quantum circuit comprising a single qutrit suffices to determine permutation parity with just a single function evaluation. Therefore, our results indicate that the optimal control theory can be well applied to the quantum computation of polar molecular systems.

Three-Level Double LLC Resonant Converter with Ripple-Free Input Current for DC Microgrid Application

DC distribution systems have garnered interest in recent years due to their advantages over AC distribution systems, such as their high power conversion efficiency and lack of harmonic issues. An isolated DC-DC converter with low-input noise, high efficiency, and high-power density is required for DC microgrids within DC distribution systems. Although existing DC to DC converters have high efficiency and high power density, they still have input noise problems due to pulsating input currents. Thus, a large input filter should be inserted, which increases the cost and degrades the power density. In this study, a novel three-level double LLC resonant converter with zero-input-current ripple is presented for DC microgrid application with a high-voltage DC bus. The input-current ripple of the proposed converter theoretically decreases to zero without adding large input filters. Moreover, the voltage stress on each main switch is only half of the input voltage when using the modified three-level structure, which enables the use of low-voltage-rated power switches for high-voltage input applications. In addition, all the primary switches and secondary diodes are softly switched over a wide input voltage range. The experimental results of the prototype are presented to verify the performance of the proposed converter.

Design and Site Selection of Reverse Logistics Network for Iron and Steel Enterprises from the Perspective of Green Supply Chain

The iron and steel industry is not only one of the most important components of China's national economy, but also a typical resource-and-energy-intensive industry. Under the background of "Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals", it is of great significance for the iron and steel industry to improve the green closed-loop supply chain and develop circular economy. From the perspective of green supply chain, this paper puts forward the three-level network structure of waste steel reverse logistics based on the present situation of waste steel recycling in China, and uses k-means clustering algorithm and accurate center of gravity method to select locations for the primary and secondary nodes. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for iron and steel enterprises to carry out network optimization of reverse logistics.

Validity and Reliability of a Simplified Chinese Version of Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs Scale (CaSUN).

To translate Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs scale (CaSUN) into Simplified Chinese, and to assess the validity and reliability of this translated version among Chinese cancer survivors. Following the cross-cultural adaptation guidelines, the original CaSUN scale was translated from English into Simplified Chinese. To enhance the readability and comprehension of each item, a pilot study involving 40 cancer patients was carried out. Subsequently, 324 cancer survivors participating in follow-up appointments at a cancer hospital in Beijing, China completed the Simplified Chinese version of the CaSUN. The scale's validity was assessed through factor analysis. Indices including Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square to degree of freedom ratio (χ2/df), comparative fit index (CFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR) were employed for construct validity. Average variance extracted (AVE) of each category reflected the convergent validity. Reliability was confirmed with both Cronbach's α and Guttman split-half coefficient. Factor analysis suggested that a three-level hierarchical structure of the CaSUN with four first-order factors, nine second-order factors and all the 35 items assessing unmet need could fit our data well (χ2/df=2.833, CFI=0.902, RMSEA=0.076, SRMR=0.066), indicating sufficient construct validity for this model. For convergent validity, AVE of each second-order category were greater than 0.5. Regarding reliability, Cronbach's α of the 35 items was 0.968, and the Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.984. Both of these coefficients were higher than 0.8. The present Simplified Chinese version of CaSUN had good cultural adaptability, appropriate validity and reliability for assessing unmet needs in different cancer survivor groups in Chinese mainland. This Simplified Chinese version of CaSUN can assist health professionals in addressing individual survivor needs and bridge the gap between patients' experiences and their expectations, thereby improving the quality of cancer survivorship care.

HCUKE: A Hierarchical Context-aware approach for Unsupervised Keyphrase Extraction

Keyphrase Extraction (KE) aims to identify a concise set of words or phrases that effectively summarizes the core ideas of a document. Recent embedding-based models have achieved state-of-the-art performance by jointly modeling local and global contexts in Unsupervised Keyphrase Extraction (UKE). However, these models often ignore either sentence- or document-level contexts, leading directly to weak or incorrect global significance. Furthermore, they rely heavily on local significance, making them vulnerable to noisy data, particularly in long documents, resulting in unstable and suboptimal performance. Intuitively, hierarchical contexts enable a more accurate understanding of the candidates, thereby enhancing their global relevance. Inspired by this, we propose a novel Hierarchical Context-aware Unsupervised Keyphrase Extraction method called HCUKE. Specifically, HCUKE comprises three core modules: (i) a hierarchical context-based global significance measure module that incrementally learns global semantic information from a three-level hierarchical structure; (ii) a phrase-level local significance measure module that captures local semantic information by modeling the context interaction among candidates; and (iii) a candidate ranking module that integrates the measure scores with positional weights to compute a final ranking score. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.

Validation of the Chinese Empathy Questionnaire for Pre-School Children

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Empathy plays an important role in children’s early social-emotional development. However, there are not many instruments available for measuring the different aspects/levels of empathy in preschool children. Moreover, few studies examined the validity of the existing measures for empathy in Chinese children. The present study tested the Chinese version of the Empathy Questionnaire (EmQue) upon a group of Chinese preschool children (N = 182) aged from 2 to 6 years. The Chinese EmQue is a parent-report translated from Dutch that assesses the behavioral manifestations of three distinct levels of empathy: emotion contagion, attention to others’ feelings, and prosocial behaviors among preschool children. Confirmatory factor analysis showed satisfactory goodness-of-fit indexes for a three-level structure with 19 loading items. The results of concurrent validity showed that the three levels of empathy were functioning differently in the early social-emotional development. Practice or Policy: We could conclude that the 19-item Chinese EmQue is a valid, reliable instrument for measuring empathy in 2- to 6-year-old children in the Chinese context.

GVC embeddedness and innovation performance – an analysis across 28 European countries

PurposeThis study has the following aims. First, it tries to clarify the relationship between global value chain (GVC) participation and innovation performance. To date, research generated mixed results. Secondly, it explores a novel way of investigating GVC participation by focusing on the sectoral level in which organizations operate using the concept of GVC embeddedness, which has not been investigated to date.Design/methodology/approachData from two sources are combined. The European Company Survey of 2019 provides data about the innovation performance of organizations. These data include measures about production and process. At the sectoral level, these company-level data are combined with data from the Trade in Value Added from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. In total, more than 20,000 companies were investigated, which operate in 15 sectors in 28 countries. This three-level structure is analysed using multilevel ordered probit analyses.FindingsThe results show that forward participation and backward participation at the sectoral level are positively related to product innovation and process innovation. The probability of not being engaged in innovation is reduced through GVC embeddedness. And, the probability of generating incremental and radical innovations (both regarding products and processes) increases if GVC participating at the sectoral level is higher.Originality/valueThis study is the first to relate sectoral GVC embeddedness to the innovation performance of organizations.

Design Parameter Values for Planning Mediation Studies with Teacher and Student Mathematics Outcomes

Despite the widespread use of mediation analyses to test and unpack program effects across areas of education research, scant empirical literature is available to guide the effective and efficient prospective design of mediation studies. We contribute to this gap by developing an initial collection of empirical estimates of design parameter values for mediation studies drawing on teacher mediators and student outcomes within a three-level structure context: students nested in teachers nested in schools. Our analyses significantly expanded the scope and breadth of prior work by investigating design parameter values across a broad range of contexts (e.g., academic year, summer programs), modes (e.g., surveys, observations, assessments), mediator types (e.g., knowledge, instruction, affect, beliefs, perceptions, attitudes, climate, program implementation), instruments (e.g., MKT, CLASS, MQI, CLE, TIPS), and domains (e.g., algebra, geometry, classroom management). The results demonstrate substantial variability in parameter values across mediators and outcomes and highlight the potential value of collecting pretreatment assessments of mediators (and outcomes) in increasing statistical power. Collectively, the results underscore the significance of drawing on mediator- and outcome-specific design parameter estimates when planning studies.

Fine Mapping of Candidate Gene Controlling Anthocyanin Biosynthesis for Purple Peel in Solanum melongena L.

Fruit color is an intuitive quality of horticultural crops that can be used as an evaluation criterion for fruit ripening and is an important factor affecting consumers' purchase choices. In this study, a genetic population from the cross of green peel 'Qidong' and purple peel '8 guo' revealed that the purple to green color of eggplant peel is dominant and controlled by a pair of alleles. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), SNP haplotyping, and fine genetic mapping delimited candidate genes to a 350 kb region of eggplant chromosome 10 flanked by markers KA2381 and CA8828. One ANS gene (EGP22363) was predicted to be a candidate gene based on gene annotation and sequence alignment of the 350-kb region. Sequence analysis revealed that a single base mutation of 'T' to 'C' on the exon green peel, which caused hydrophobicity to become hydrophilic serine, led to a change in the three-level spatial structure. Additionally, EGP22363 was more highly expressed in purple peels than in green peels. Collectively, EGP22363 is a strong candidate gene for anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple eggplant peels. These results provide important information for molecular marker-assisted selection in eggplants, and a basis for analyzing the regulatory pathways responsible for anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplants.

Indirect 3D printing CDHA scaffolds with hierarchical porous structure to promote osteoinductivity and bone regeneration

Hierarchical porous structure, which include macropores, minor pores, and micropores in scaffolds, are essential in the multiple biological functions of bone repair and regeneration. In this study, patient-customized calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) scaffolds with three-level hierarchical porous structure were fabricated by indirect 3D printing technology and particulate leaching method. The sacrificial template scaffolds were fabricated using a photo-curing 3D printer, which provided a prerequisite for the integral structure and interconnected macropores of CDHA scaffolds. Additionally, 20 wt% pore former was incorporated into the slurry to enhance the content of smaller pores within the CDHA-2 scaffolds, and then the CDHA-2 scaffolds were sintered to remove the sacrificial template scaffolds and pore former. The obtained CDHA-2 scaffolds exhibited interconnected macropores (300–400 μm), minor pores (∼10–100 μm), and micropores (< 10 μm) distributed throughout the scaffolds, which could promote bone tissue ingrowth, increase surface roughness, and enhance protein adsorption of scaffolds. In vitro studies identified that CDHA-2 scaffolds had nanocrystal grains, high specific surface area, and outstanding protein adsorption capacity, which could provide a microenvironment for cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation. In addition, the murine intramuscular implantation experiment suggested that CDHA-2 scaffolds exhibited excellent osteoinductivity and were superior to traditional BCP ceramics under conditions without the addition of live cells and exogenous growth factors. The rabbit calvarial defect repair results indicated that CDHA-2 scaffolds could enhance in situ bone regeneration. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that the hierarchical porous structure of CDHA scaffolds was a pivotal factor in modulating osteoinductivity and bone regeneration, and CDHA-2 scaffolds were potential candidates for bone regeneration.

Numerical and experimental investigation of the dynamic mechanical behavior of precipitation-strengthed NiCoCrSi0.3C0.048 medium-entropy alloy

An extended crystal plasticity model and an optimized neural network are established to investigate the mechanical behavior of CoCrNiSi0.3C0.048 Medium entropy alloy (MEA) with a three-level hierarchical precipitation structure under dynamic compressive deformation at a variety of ranges of strain rates. The interaction between the matrix and first-level precipitates is described by a presented hybrid representative volume element RVE model, involving the effects of volume fraction (Vf), radius and geometric distribution on heterogeneous deformation. Effects of second- and third-level precipitates are realized through the extended crystal plasticity constitutive model, reflecting the motion mechanism of dislocations near the precipitates in the form of initial slip resistance. Meanwhile, this study investigates the influence of the presence of primary precipitates on the initiation of slip systems within special grains with Goss or S orientations in the matrix. Additionally, it provides a more in-depth explanation of the underlying principles behind the suppression of Goss texture formation by the precipitates from the perspective of slip systems analysis. The changing of volume fractions affects flow stress evolution. Avoiding suffering from expensive computational consumption by the crystal plasticity finite element method, an artificial neural network model optimized through a genetic algorithm, is presented to predict stress-strain responses and texture evolution results under varying compression strain rates. A reliable dataset derived from crystal plasticity finite element models and experimental results is utilized to train, test, and validate the genetic algorithm-based artificial neural network model. This model demonstrates good prediction capability in dynamic mechanical behavior and texture evolution, showcasing the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed neural network model. Compared to the CPFEM method, neural network models can greatly improve computational efficiency.

Modeling the performance and bandwidth of single-atom adiabatic quantum memories

Quantum memories are essential for quantum repeaters, which will form the backbone of the future quantum internet. Such memory can capture a signal state for a controllable amount of time, after which this state can be retrieved. In this work, we theoretically investigated how atomic material and engineering parameters affect the performance and bandwidth of a quantum memory. We have applied a theoretical model for quantum memory operation based on the Lindblad master equation and adiabatic quantum state manipulation. The materials’ properties and their uncertainty are evaluated to determine the performance of Raman-type quantum memories by showcasing two defects in two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride. We have derived a scheme to calculate the signal bandwidth based on the material parameters as well as the maximum efficiency that can be realized. The bandwidth depends on four factors: the signal photon frequency, the dipole transition moments in the electronic structure, the cavity volume, and the strength of the external control electric field. As our scheme is general and independent of materials, it can be applied to many other quantum materials with a suitable three-level structure. We, therefore, provided a promising route for designing and selecting materials for quantum memories. Our work is, therefore, an important step toward the realization of a large-scale quantum network.

RESEARCH OF COMPONENTS OF LINGUISTIC PERSONA

The scientific article is devoted to the differentiation of anthropocentric studies that contributed to the formation of the theory of linguistic persona within the framework of a new scientific paradigm in modern language. In linguistics, the relevance of the topic is manifested in the fact that the problem of studying the linguistic persona, the reality of which is an active form of cognition of existence, acquires an ever broader scientific consideration. The nature of the linguistic persona is a complex phenomenon, and its structure is as complex as that, obviously, it is not easy to define. There are many opinions on this issue. The article provides an overview of theoretical studies in world and Kazakh linguistics concerning the theory of linguistic persona, and makes scientific conclusions based on the three-level structure of linguistic persona, classified according to the theory of Y. N. Karaulov as verbal-semantic, linguistic and pragmatic. It has been proved that external factors such as society, period, family, communication environment, educational institutions, places of culture, and mass media play a role in the formation and development of a linguistic persona, along with internal factors. The theory of «linguistic persona» is discussed by describing the theoretical reasoning and scientific views of researchers, as well as the degree of relevance and scientific significance. Keywords: linguistic persona, social sign, internal factor, external factor, literary language.

Digital twin method for the stress field of a deep-diving spherical shell based on a simulation database

In this paper, a Digital Twin (DT) method is proposed for quickly predicting the stress fields of deep-diving spherical shells based on a simulation database. The DT method can completely cover the stress field distribution of the entire pressure-resistant shell and provide stress predictions for different sizes of deep-diving protection shells. The DT model has a three-level structure. The Level-1 DT maps the Finite Element Model to the digital model, which is verified by experiments. The difference between the experimental and numerical results is less than 9.4%. Then, the Level-2 DT deduces the digital model and expands the simulation database samples. The uncalculated stress field results in the simulation database could be obtained by the local Lagrangian interpolation method. Furthermore, the Level-3 DT can rapidly predict the stress field distribution in deep-diving spherical shell digital models. By comparison with different optimization algorithms, the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm demonstrates strong optimization capabilities and fast convergence, and the error compared with the simulation results is less than 1%. Finally, combined with actual sensor measurements and historical experience data, this method can be used to carry out real-time mapping and synchronous deduction of the service state of the dynamic stress digital twin.

UV-VIS-NIR absorber to harvest energy for solar thermophotovoltaics

Ideal ultraviolet-visible-infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) absorbers with consistent performance at elevated temperatures and severe climate conditions are crucial to harvest energy for solar-thermophotovoltaic systems (STPVs). As solar energy promises to fulfill the power demands, its efficient utilization through high-performing light-absorbing devices is inevitable. The requirement of high-temperature durability makes conventional plasmonics an infeasible choice, and those highly thermostable refractory metals/their derivatives suitable ones. In this work, a lossy refractory plasmonic material i.e. Zirconium-Nitride-based subwavelength, ultra-broadband, wide-angle, polarization-insensitive, and free-space impedance-matched metasurface absorber in a three-level Pythagorean fractal structure is demonstrated. A comprehensive investigative study is conducted with the successful attainment of more than 90% absorption between ∼ 500–900 nm with a peak of more than 98% at 655 nm. The mean absorption for wideband (200–2500 nm) is 86.01% and it is 91.37% for visible range. The proposed study provides an efficient choice of meta-absorbers for realizing highly efficient STPVs.

Soft switching high step-up three-level boost DC-DC converter with Quasi Z-source for Photovoltaic application

A three-level Boost DC-DC converter is proposed in this paper. Quasi Z-source converter acts as an auxiliary circuit to create soft switching condition for all active elements. Consequently. The converter efficiency is very high. Using a three-level structure in the proposed converter causes the maximum voltage stress across the semiconductor devices is limited to half of the output voltage. The converter has a high voltage gain and a small number of elements. The converter is analyzed with details in all operating modes. Furthermore, the experimental results are obtained to prove the converter performance based on the theoretical considerations.

Statistical Power Analysis for Univariate Meta-Analysis: A Three-Level Model

This study extends prior work on power analysis in two-level meta-analysis and provides methods on power analysis for univariate three-level meta-analysis. In a three-level hierarchical structure effect sizes are nested within studies, which in turn are nested within research groups of investigators. Consequently, the three-level model takes into account the between-study (second level) and the between-research group (third level) variances. The study provides closed form equations to compute the prospective statistical power of the z-test of the combined weighted average effect size. Illustrative examples that demonstrate the applicability of the methods in prospective power analysis are provided. Moreover, a simulation study is also conducted to demonstrate how prospective statistical power is modified by changes of the values of the design parameters that impact power within the context of the three-level model. Results indicate the third-level variance is inversely related with statistical power in three-level meta-analysis.

Topological phase in one-dimensional momentum space lattice of ultracold atoms without chiral symmetry

Symmetry plays a crucial role in understanding topological phases in materials. In one-dimensional systems, such as the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model, chiral symmetry is thought to ensure the quantization of the Zak phase and the nontrivial topological phase. However, our work demonstrates that the one-dimensional lattice system with broken chiral symmetry can still possess quantized Zak phase and nontrivial topological phase. Specifically, we use a Bose-Einstein condensate of &lt;sup&gt;87&lt;/sup&gt;Rb atoms in a momentum space lattice of ultracold atoms to effectively simulate a one-dimensional Zigzag model of 26 sites, which intrinsically breaks the chiral symmetry by additional next-nearest-neighbor coupling. To ensure the existence of the nontrivial topological phase, where the Zak phase can be measured from the time-averaged displacement during the system’s evolution, we need to preserve the inversion symmetry by modulating laser power so that all next-nearest-neighbor coupling strengths are equal. Furthermore, by changing the ratio of nearest-neighbor coupling strengths, we observe a topological phase transition from a nontrivial topological phase to a trivial topological phase at the point where the ratio equals 1. Our work demonstrates that the ultracold atom system provides a controllable platform for studying the symmetrical phase and topological phase, with the potential to explore nonlinear topological phenomena by increasing the interactions among atoms. In addition, our system can be used to investigate other interesting topological phenomena with more complex models, such as critical phenomena at the phase transitions and flat band structures in the extended SSH model with long-range coupling. By controlling the coupling strengths, we can also explore the influence of different symmetries on the topological properties of extended SSH models in the future. Moreover, our platform makes it possible to studythe models with more energy bands, such as the Aharonov-Bohm caging model with a three-level structure, which shows peculiar flat-band properties. This work provides opportunities for various studies in the fields of symmetry, topology, and the interaction of controllable quantum systems.

Три круга интертекстуальности: «усадебный миф» в романе М.Л. Степновой «Сад»

The article analyzes the landmark novel of Russian writer M.L. Stepnova, The Garden (2020), which has aroused the public’s and critic’s interest, continuing the “estate text” of Russian literature of the 19th–20th centuries. It is shown that the image of the garden in the work is both national (the whole tradition of the Russian “estate text”) and universal (the Bible, Voltaire, H.L. Borges, U. Eco, etc.). The key to an adequate reading of the postmodern novel with its “semantic insolubility,” narrative “nonselectio,” experiments on human identity, an invitation to the “alternative history,” etc. is an analysis of its intertextuality, generating original life-creating strategies. There are three concentric circles of intertextuality that diverge in the breadth of space-time coverage: character, author-narrative, and mythopoetic. If in character terms the protagonist of the work — the garden — directly participates in people’s lives, at the author-narrative level becomes an ideologeme, symbolizing with his death under the axes of hired workers the tragic fate of Russia at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, then in the super-author’s mythopoetic sphere reveals the quality of practical immortality, indestructibility. The reason for the suicidal cutting down of the garden of the grown-up Princess Boryatinskaya is the excommunication of this heroine from fiction, primarily “estate,” with its powerful lifecreating potential. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematic analysis of the intertextual strategies of the iconic modern novel for the first time and the identification of their three-level structure. The article applies historical-literary and cultural approaches, methods of historical poetics, and structural-semiotic analysis and uses the modernist and postmodern thesaurus paradigms.

Evaluating the environmental impact of additive manufacturing: A methodology to determine the environmental impact of parts manufactured by high-speed laser directed energy deposition

High-speed laser directed energy deposition is an additive manufacturing process that offers great potential for industrial applications due to its high process speeds. To mitigate the climate crisis, it is important to consider the energy and material demand, as well as the resulting greenhouse gas emissions of products. However, for new and emerging technologies such as high-speed laser directed energy deposition, there is a lack of analysis regarding the environmental impact throughout the entire process chain. In order to analyze and exploit efficiency potentials at an early stage, it is necessary to assess the environmental impact of parts prior to production. Thus, this paper presents a methodology for developing a customized model that enable the prediction of the part-specific environmental impact. The methodology includes the entire process chain from raw material extraction, powder production, additive manufacturing, to post-processing. Through its three-level structure, which includes an information query, individual databases, and calculation models, this approach allows in-depth analysis of the environmental impact and its causal composition prior to production, thus enabling the identification and direct realization of potentials for the reducing environmental impact.