Three-dimensional Simulation Analysis Research Articles

Digital Application of BIM Technology in the Architectural Design Stage

This paper discusses the digital application of building information model (BIM) technology in the architectural design stage. Taking the large-scale comprehensive development project of Guangxi headquarters base as an example, this paper analyzes in detail how BIM technology promotes the intelligence and refinement of the design process. Through the three-dimensional modeling and simulation analysis of BIM technology, the project design has realized the accurate transformation from concept to operation, which not only improves the design efficiency, but also ensures the construction quality and economic benefits. This paper focuses on the application of BIM in the digital design of building structure, the deepening design of steel nodes, as well as the remarkable results in the comprehensive layout optimization of mechanical and electrical pipelines. Through the collision detection and optimization design of the BIM model, the potential design conflicts and construction problems were found and solved at the initial stage of the project, ensuring the efficient promotion and smooth implementation of the project. The research results show that BIM technology, as the core digital tool in the architectural design stage, is of great significance for improving the overall design level of the construction industry and realizing intelligent construction.

Effect of key structure parameters of passive pre-chamber on in-cylinder combustion processes and emissions within a gasoline engine

Due to increasingly strict global emission regulations and energy conservation policies, gasoline engines are facing significant challenges. Achieving high efficiency and ultra-low emissions in gasoline engines has become a critical technical challenge that requires attention. Pre-chamber (PC) Turbulent Jet Ignition (TJI) is a highly promising technology for improving thermal efficiency and reducing emissions in gasoline engines. This study employs a three-dimensional flow simulation analysis combined with a detailed chemical reaction mechanism. The investigation is based on eight distinct passive PC structural configurations. The effects of various structural parameters, including the orifice number (ON), orifice axis angle (OAA), orifice diameter (OD), and volume ratio (VR), on the in-cylinder combustion process and emission characteristics are investigated, in which the formation of the fire nucleus and the propagation of the flame are intensively involved. The investigation is conducted under equivalence ratio working condition. Among these, the ITE of the best configuration is relatively 5.46% higher than the baseline engine. The combustion duration decreased by 55.95% to 7.4 °CA compared to the baseline engine, while particulate soot emissions also decreased by 51.22%.

Self-cascade deoxynivalenol detoxification by an artificial enzyme with bifunctions of dehydrogenase and aldo/keto reductase from genome mining

Due to the severe health risks for human and animal caused by the intake of toxic deoxynivalenol (DON) derived from Fusarium species, elimination DON in food and feed has been initiated as a critical issue. Enzymatic cascade catalysis by dehydrogenase and aldo-keto reductase represents a fascinating strategy for DON detoxification. Here, one quinone-dpendent alcohol dehydrogenase DADH oxidized DON into less-toxic 3-keto-DON and NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase AKR13B3 reduced 3-keto-DON into relatively non-toxic 3-epi-DON were identified from Devosia strain A6-243, indicating that degradation of DON on C3 are two-step sequential cascade processes. To establish the bifunctions, fusion enzyme linking DADH and AKR13B3 was successfully assembled to promote one-step DON degradations with accelerated specific activity and efficiency, resulting 93.29 % of DON removal rate in wheat sample. Three-dimensional simulation analysis revealed that the bifunctional enzyme forms an artificial intramolecular channel to minimize the distance of intermediate from DADH to AKR13B3 for two-step enzymatic reactions, and thereby accelerates this enzymatic process. As the first report of directing single step DON detoxification by an interesting bifunctional artificial enzyme, this work revealed a facile and eco-friendly approach to detoxify DON with application potential and gave valuable insights into execute other mycotoxin detoxification for ensuring food safety.

Electrorheological Effect of Suspensions of Polyaniline Nanoparticles with Different Morphologies.

Polyaniline (PANI) nanospheres, nanofibers, and nanoplates were prepared using the oxidative polymerization method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the three morphologies of PANI, and their structure was tested using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The influence of particle morphology on the electrorheological (ER) effect was studied through rheological experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The experimental and simulation results indicate that without applying an electric field, the nanofibers easily form a three-dimensional network structure in the suspension, resulting in yield stress. The three-dimensional network structure of the nanoplate suspension becomes weaker and the PANI nanosphere suspension lacks the ability to form a three-dimensional network structure. After applying an electric field, under the same condition, the yield stress and electric field-induced shear stress increment of PANI nanofibers are the highest, followed by nanoplates, and those of PANI nanospheres are the lowest. This indicates that the ER effect increases with the increase in particle morphology anisotropy. Through three-dimensional visual simulation analysis, it can be concluded that the enhanced ER effect associated with increased particle anisotropy can be attributed to improved stability in the ER chain structure.

The role of bone morphology of the greater tuberosity and lateral acromion on subacromial space during scaption: a three-dimensional dynamic simulation analysis

BackgroundThe bone morphology of the greater tuberosity and lateral acromion plays a central role in subacromial impingement syndrome. The critical shoulder angle (CSA) and greater tuberosity angle (GTA) are two-dimensional measurement parameters that have been validated to evaluate it radiologically. These markers are, however, static and don’t consider the dynamic effect of glenohumeral motion.ObjectivesThis study aimed to better understand the biomechanics in subacromial impingement with a dynamic simulation based on a validated 3D biomechanical model coupling joint kinematics and 3D reconstructed computed tomography.Study design & methodsSixty-one patients were included in this study: a case group of 44 patients with degenerative rotator cuff tears involving only the supraspinatus, and a control group of 17 without a rotator cuff tear. Patients with previous surgeries, traumatic cuff tears, and cuff tear arthropathy were excluded. CSA, GTA, and impingement-free range of motion (IF-ROM) of the glenohumeral joint in scaption were calculated. Correlation tests were used to determine the relationship between ROM and CSA, GTA, and combined CSA and GTA values.ResultsCSA and GTA were significantly higher in the rotator cuff tear group (p = 0.001 and < 0.001), while IF-ROM was significantly higher in the control group (p = 0.001). There was no overall correlation between CSA and GTA (R = 0.02, p = 0.8). Individual correlation between both angles with IF-ROM was negatively weak for CSA (R = -0.4, p < 0.001) and negatively moderate for GTA and IF-ROM (R = -0.5, p < 0.001). However, combining both angles resulted in a negatively high correlation with IF-ROM (R = -0.7, p < 0.001).ConclusionSubacromial space narrowing during scaption is highly correlated to the cumulative values of GTA and CSA. These findings suggest that the combined bony morphology of the lateral acromion and greater tuberosity plays an important role in subacromial impingement.Level of evidenceIII

Analysis of sealing performance of combined seal structure with metal C-ring with built-in spring

The built-in spring reinforced metal C-shaped sealing ring is a high-performance static sealing component. Its metal combination sealing structure is designed to meet the sealing requirements of all metal graded cementing tools. To analyze and study the sealing performance of this combination sealing structure under complex underground application conditions, a three-dimensional simulation analysis model of the metal C-shaped ring combination sealing structure was established using ANSYS finite element analysis software, Simulate and analyze the stress and deformation of the combined sealing structure under different working conditions (room temperature and high temperature), and discuss the influence of external load conditions, including underground working medium pressure, temperature, and pre compression amount, on the sealing performance of the combined sealing structure. Calculate the variation law of contact pressure and equivalent stress under specific external conditions, providing some reference basis for the design and application of sealing rings and combined sealing structures.

Novel SOFC Repeating Unit Design for the Uniform Distribution of Temperature and Thermo-Electrochemical Reaction Zone in a Commercial Scale Stack

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have been spotlighted as eco-friendly energy sources due to their various advantages, but performance degradation occurring in high-temperature operations and hydrocarbon-based fuel conditions have become obstacles to commercialization. In this study, a novel SOFC stack design is proposed to alleviate the nonuniform distribution of temperature and chemical reaction which can accelerate the degradation of the conventional crossflow type stack. We compared the conventional and the novel SOFC stack design through three-dimensional multiphysics simulation analysis. Compared to the conventional design, the standard deviation of temperature, chemical reaction rate, and fuel species concentration in the novel design decreased by 65.07%, 20.28%, and 25.14%, respectively, showing the advantage of the novel design.

A three-dimensional simulation and process analysis of tropospheric ozone depletion events (ODEs) during the springtime in the Arctic using CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System)

Abstract. The tropospheric ozone depletion event (ODE), first observed at Barrow (now known as Utqiaġvik), Alaska, is a phenomenon that frequently occurs during the springtime in the Arctic. In this study, we performed a three-dimensional model study on ODEs occurring at Barrow and its surrounding areas between 28 March and 6 April 2019 using a 3-D multi-scale air quality model, CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System). Several ODEs observed at Barrow were captured, and two of them were thoroughly analyzed using the process analysis method to estimate contributions of horizontal transport, vertical transport, dry deposition, and the overall chemical process to the variations in ozone and bromine species during ODEs. We found that the ODE occurring between 30 and 31 March 2019 (referred to as ODE1) was primarily caused by the horizontal transport of low-ozone air from the Beaufort Sea to Barrow. The formation of this low-ozone air over the sea was largely attributed to a release of sea-salt aerosols from the Bering Strait under strong wind conditions, stemming from a cyclone generated on the Chukotka Peninsula. It was also discovered that the surface ozone dropped to less than 5 ppb over the Beaufort Sea, and the overall chemical process contributed up to 10 ppb to the ozone loss. Moreover, BrO over the sea reached a maximum of approximately 80 ppt. This low-ozone air over the sea was then horizontally transported to Barrow, leading to the occurrence of ODE1. Regarding another ODE on 2 April (ODE2), we found that its occurrence was also dominated by the horizontal transport from the sea, but under the control of an anticyclone. The termination of this ODE was mainly attributed to the replenishment of ozone-rich air from the free troposphere by a strong vertical transport.

Three-Dimensional Simulation Stability Analysis of Slopes from Underground to Open-Pit Mining

The stability of mine slopes is an important factor influencing the orderly production of mines and the safety of people’s lives and property. The stability of slopes can be effectively determined by means of three-dimensional simulation analysis. Some 3D simulation analysis methods are based on 2D analysis, and are still essentially 2D analysis methods, whereas this digital simulation analysis uses a true 3D analysis method. This method can reflect the overall slope stability of the mine in a more realistic way, and at the same time, the situation of the selected sections can be observed, making the analysis more scientific and rigorous. This study takes the Shizhuyuan Nonferrous Metal Mine as an example and studies the safety stability of mine slopes through true 3D safety analysis. The results show that the open-pit slopes of the Shizhuyuan mine are stable. The overall model results show that there is only a small amount of tensile damage and no penetration; the section results show that the absolute value of tensile stress is generally small, with a maximum of 1.45 MPa being less than the tensile strength of the material (7.04 MPa). After the model monitoring simulation, it is found that the displacements of each monitoring point are in the process of fluctuation and then stabilisation, which can also indicate that the slope is finally in a stable state. Comparing the above results with the conclusions obtained from the 2D analysis method, the conclusions are found to be in general agreement, indicating that the true 3D simulation analysis method is effective and feasible.

Analysis of Influencing Factors on Electric Field Distribution of 500 kV Porcelain Insulators

With the upsurge of the digital twin power grid, it is very necessary to carry out a three-dimensional model and simulation analysis of the power grid system. Insulators are one of the important components in the power system, and the appropriate simplification of the simulation model is of great significance. In this paper, the finite element software is used to calculate the three-dimensional model, and the influence of the length of the conductor, the tower, the yoke plate, the grading ring, and the arrangement of the insulators on the axial electric field distribution (EFD) is analyzed. The results show that: the length of the conductor will affect the uniformity of the axial electric field; compared with the grading ring, the yoke plate will cause serious distortion of the electric field intensity curve; the integrity of the tower has different effects; the arrangement of the insulators will affect the magnitude of the electric field and even the shape of the curve. Therefore, in the simulation analysis of the axial electric field, the above factors should be considered when simplifying the insulator model, which will promote the development of relevant digital twin technology.

Influence of filling sequence of concrete faced rockfill dam on deformation of squeezed sidewall and dam

During construction of concrete faced rockfill dam (CFRD), the extrusion-sidewall will be protruding or deficiency under normal. Before panel construction, local slope cutting should be taken for the squeezed side wall or supplementary filling measures should be taken after excavating the squeezed side wall, which will affect the mechanical deformation of the panel. According to the monitoring data of concrete-faced rockfill dams of some hydro-electric station in Hubei Province, the three-dimensional finite element analysis method is used to simulate the original filling sequence process of the concrete face rockfill dam. By comparing the difference between the monitoring data and the calculation results, the deformation law of the extrusion side wall and the dam is obtained, which verifies the rationality of the three-dimensional simulation analysis of the dam. The characteristic values of settlement and horizontal displacement obtained from dam monitoring and numerical calculation are compared with those of other high concrete faced rockfill dams. The characteristic values of this dam are close to those of general concrete faced rockfill dams. The deformation law of extrusion side wall and dam under two optimization schemes with different filling sequence is studied. It is found that if conditions permit, the upstream should be filled first and then the downstream to reduce the deformation of extrusion side wall to the upstream.

STUDY ON THE HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROCHANNEL HEAT SINK WITH CANTOR FRACTAL STRUCTURE

This paper does a three-dimensional steady-state simulation analysis of a microchannel heat sink with a cantor fractal structure, and the layout, size, spacing, and fractal frequency of the baffle are optimized. Following further testing, it was determined that putting rectangular baffles on the same sidewall provides a superior effect, with a [Formula: see text]C lower effect than normal microchannels. The temperature of the two-time fractal structure is [Formula: see text]C lower than that of the zero-time fractal structure at the Reynolds number (Re) of 200. The control variable method is used to explore the size and spacing of the rectangular baffles, and the temperature and pressure drop are thoroughly analyzed to determine the ideal structure, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm, and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm. Following that, the influence of Re on heat transmission is addressed. Finally, to incorporate the fluid’s heat transmission and pressure drop, the enhanced heat transfer factor PEC is used to evaluate the overall heat transfer performance of the microchannel. In the Re range of 100–300, PEC is greater than 1, which is 10–42% higher than that of conventional microchannels.

Research on the Application of Acoustic Simulation Based on iNoise in the Evaluation of Factory Boundary Noise

The acoustic simulation platform iNoise is a simulation software released by Dutch DGMR company for industrial noise in recent years. So far, the research on the applicability verification of this simulation platform and the related research of this platform to guide the specific engineering quality have not been found in China. Taking the noise control project of a natural gas purification plant as an example, this paper makes a three-dimensional modeling and simulation analysis of the boundary noise of the plant by using the new platform. The applicability of the new acoustic simulation software has been preliminarily verified from the acceptance test results of this application case. In this project, the platform can realize the basic functions of the traditional noise simulation software. The platform can normally carry out noise reduction design and noise prediction and achieve ideal results.

Improved Stable Drag Reduction of Controllable Laser-Patterned Superwetting Surfaces Containing Bioinspired Micro/Nanostructured Arrays.

Superwetting surfaces are widely used in many engineering fields for reducing energy and resistance loss. A facile and efficient method using laser etching has been used to fabricate and control superwettable drag reduction surfaces. Inspired by the self-cleaning theory of lotus leaves, we propose controllable patterned bionic superhydrophobic surfaces (BSSs) simulating the uneven micro/nanostructures of lotus leaves. The superhydrophobicity and drag reduction ratios at low velocities are highly improved using a laser ablation method on metal substrates. However, unstable air layers trapped on superhydrophobic surfaces are usually cut away by a high-velocity flow, which greatly reduces the drag reduction performance. The fabricated bionic superhydrophobic/hydrophilic surfaces (BSHSs) with alternated hydrophilic strips can build a large surface energy barrier to bind the three-phase contact line. It maintains the stable drag reduction by capturing the air bubbles attached to the hydrophilic strips at a high velocity. Three-dimensional simulation analysis and equipment to measure the weak friction of a self-assembled solid–liquid interface are used to explain the drag reduction mechanism and measure the drag reduction ratios at different flow speeds. BSSs achieve an improved drag reduction effect (maximum 52.76%) at a low velocity (maximum 1.5568 m/s). BSHSs maintain an improved and steady drag reduction effect at high speed. The drag reduction ratios can be maintained at about 30% at high speed, with a maximum value of 4.448 m/s. This research has broad application prospects in energy saving, liquid directional transportation, and shipping due to their robust superhydrophobic properties and stable drag reduction effect.

Three-Dimensional Simulation Analysis of the Effect of Hydrous Ethanol and Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Combustion and Emissions

Abstract To analyze the influence of hydrous ethanol on the performance of the direct-injection engine, the three-dimensional simulation is carried out by using converge software coupled with the combustion mechanism of hydrous ethanol gasoline and the soot model. The combustion and soot generation characteristics of a direct-injection gasoline engine burning hydrous ethanol gasoline using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology are investigated. It is found that the increase of the blending ratio of the hydrous ethanol can accelerate the flame propagation speed, shorten the combustion duration, and improve the combustion isovolumetric. The nucleation and growth of soot are jointly controlled by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the small molecular components such as C2H2. The oxygen content properties and high reactive OH of the hydrous ethanol-containing gasoline inhibit soot formation. Compared with pure gasoline, the carbon soot precursor mass is reduced by 60%, 54.5%, 73.3%, and 52.4% for 20% anhydrous ethanol blended with gasoline, A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively, and the carbon soot mass is reduced by 63.6% and the carbon soot volume density is reduced by 40%. The introduction of EGR exhaust reduces the burning rate and leads to an increase in the production of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and soot. However, the combination of EGR with hydrous ethanol gasoline can significantly improve the engine combustion environment and significantly reduce soot and PAHs concentrations. The impact of EGR also includes the ability to reduce combustion chamber temperatures and reduce NOx emissions from hydrous ethanol gasoline by 75%.

The effect of range of motion simulated with a patient-specific three-dimensional simulation analysis on dislocation after total hip arthroplasty.

Dislocation continues to be a common complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Although previous studies of computed simulation analysis investigated the range of motion (ROM), it is unclear whether the ROM before impingement simulated using computed tomography-based 3-dimensional simulation analysis (simulated ROM) is related to dislocation after THA. It is also unclear what angles are required in computed simulation analyses for stable hips after THA. In this study, we compared the simulated ROM in patients with and without dislocation. 16 patients with posterior dislocation were compared with 48 matched patients without dislocation. Risk factors including preoperative bone morphology of the hip, implant position, change of femoral offset, change of leg length, anterior aspect of the greater trochanter (GTa) length, and anterior inferior iliac spine length were also compared. The mean flexion angle, internal-rotation at 90° flexion (IR) angle, cup anteversion based on the anterior pelvic plane (APP), tilt-adjusted cup anteversion and GTa length were significantly different between patients with dislocation and patients without dislocation (p = 0.033, 0.002, 0.010, 0.047, 0.046). A receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis suggested cutoff points for flexion angle, IR angle, cup anteversion based on the APP, tilt-adjusted cup anteversion and GTa length, of 114.5°, 45.5°, 19.5°, 12.0° and 15.3 mm. This study suggests that preoperative planning to achieve a larger simulated ROM, flexion angle and IR angle, may reduce the risk of posterior dislocation. This study also suggests that fine-tuning of cup anteversion and/or trimming of the overhanging GTa during preoperative planning may reduce the risk of posterior dislocation.

Simulation analysis of cutting process for Inconel718 nickel-based superalloy

As a difficult-to-machine material, Inconel718 nickel-based superalloy is widely used in aerospace, ocean navigation, and large-scale manufacturing of machines. In this paper, based on ABAQUS software, the continuous milling process of Inconel718 is simulated and analyzed, and related issues are discussed, including model establishment, material parameters, and meshing techniques during milling. The simulation results revealed that the heat generated during the milling process increases continuously with the increase in rotational speed. A majority of the generated heat is transferred to the chips and the workpiece, and a minor part is transferred to the tool. During the milling process, the temperature distribution on the cutting tool changes in a gradient, and the temperature of the tool is lower than that of the workpiece. Furthermore, it is observed that the cutting parameters that have the strongest influence on the cutting force and cutting temperature are feed per tooth and spindle speed, respectively. Therefore, in actual processing, speed and feed per tooth can be controlled to get better processing efficiency. Compared to the previous studies, it is concluded that three-dimensional simulation analysis of difficult-to-machine materials can reduce unnecessary wastage of resources and can provide better guidance for actual production and efficient milling.

A Three-Dimensional Simulation Analysis of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Microchannel Heat Sinks with Different Structures

Abstract Numerical studies have been performed to analyze the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of nine microchannel heat sinks (MCHS) with different shapes and different arrangements of the ribs and cavities on the sidewalls, using three common shapes (square, triangle, and circular) of ribs or cavities as the basic structure in this work. The boundary conditions, governing equations, friction factor (f), Nusselt number (Nu), and performance evaluation criteria (ξ) were considered to determine which design was the best in terms of the heat transfer, the pressure drop, and the overall performance. It was observed that no matter how the circular ribs or cavities were arranged, its heat sink performance was better than the other two shapes for Reynolds number of 200–1000. Therefore, circular ribs or cavities can be considered as the best structure to improve the performance of MCHS. In addition, the heat sink performance of the microchannel heat sink with symmetrical circular ribs (MCHS-SCR) was improved by 31.2 % compared with the conventional microchannel heat sink at Re = 667. This was because in addition to the formation of transverse vortices in the channel, four symmetrical and reverse longitudinal vortices are formed to improve the mixing efficiency of the central fluid (low temperature) and the near-wall fluid (high temperature). Then, as the Reynolds number increases, the heat sink performance of MCHS-SCR dropped sharply. The heat sink performance of microchannel heat sinks with staggered ribs and cavities (MCHS-SCRC, MCHS-STRC, and MCHS-SSRC) exceeded that of MCHS-SCR. This indicated that the microchannel heat sink with staggered ribs and cavities was more suitable for high Reynolds number (Re &gt; 800).

Kinetics and prey capture by a paddling jellyfish: three-dimensional simulation and Lagrangian coherent structure analysis

Abstract

Three-dimensional simulation analysis of electric field distribution at the middle joint of 110 kV cable with typical defects

The joint of high-voltage cable is the weakest part in the whole cable system, and the local defect of the middle joint will affect the distribution of the internal electric field. This paper establishes a three-dimensional model by finite element simulation software based on the electric field calculation equation in Maxwell equation system. The influence of typical defects such as impurity, scratch and air bubble on the electric field distribution in the middle joint is analysed. The results show that the internal defects of the middle joint may cause distortion of the local electric field strength in the middle joint, which may lead to deterioration of the insulation.