Three-dimensional Reconstruction Of Medical Images Research Articles

Numerical Simulations of the Epley Maneuver With Clinical Implications.

Canalith repositioning procedures to treat benign paroxysmal positional vertigo are often applied following standardized criteria, without considering the possible anatomical singularities of the membranous labyrinth for each individual. As a result, certain patients may become refractory to the treatment due to significant deviations from the ideal membranous labyrinth, that was considered when the maneuvers were designed. This study aims to understand the dynamics of the endolymphatic fluid and otoconia, within the membranous labyrinth geometry, which may contribute to the ineffectiveness of the Epley maneuver. Simultaneously, the study seeks to explore methods to avoid or reduce treatment failure. We conducted a study on the Epley maneuver using numerical simulations based on a three-dimensional medical image reconstruction of the human left membranous labyrinth. A high-quality micro-computed tomography of a human temporal bone specimen was utilized for the image reconstruction, and a mathematical model for the endolymphatic fluid was developed and coupled with a spherical particle model representing otoconia inside the fluid. This allowed us to measure the position and time of each particle throughout all the steps of the maneuver, using equations that describe the physics behind benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Numerical simulations of the standard Epley maneuver applied to this membranous labyrinth model yielded unsatisfactory results, as otoconia do not reach the frontside of the utricle, which in this study is used as the measure of success. The resting times between subsequent steps indicated that longer intervals are required for smaller otoconia. Using different angles of rotation can prevent otoconia from entering the superior semicircular canal or the posterior ampulla. Steps 3, 4, and 5 exhibited a heightened susceptibility to failure, as otoconia could be accidentally displaced into these regions. We demonstrate that modifying the Epley maneuver based on the numerical results obtained in the membranous labyrinth of the human specimen under study can have a significant effect on the success or failure of the treatment. The use of numerical simulations appears to be a useful tool for future canalith repositioning procedures that aim to personalize the treatment by modifying the rotation planes currently defined as the standard criteria.

Retracted: The Role of Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Medical Images and Virtual Reality in Nursing Experimental Teaching.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/3853193.].

Study on Key Technologies of Virtual Interactive Surgical Simulation for 3D Reconstruction of Medical Images.

Medical computed tomography (CT), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other imaging facility produce a large amount of medical image data which has great diagnosis value. Traditional three-dimensional reconstruction of medical images has high requirements for graphics acceleration hardware and the processing speed. In this study, VxWorks embedded real-time process feature is used for CT or MRI DICOM data to real restoration and establishment of virtual three-dimensional model for realizing volume reconstruction, maximum density projection, multiplane reconstruction, dynamic interactive cutting of any surface, dynamic display of three-dimensional model and two-dimensional sectional image, surgical path planning and interactive surgical simulation, and determine the best surgical scheme. The practical application shows that the virtual simulation environment supports the seamless transplantation of code, function debugging, and interaction and solves the issue of high requirements for hardware. It can meet the needs of scientific research and teaching for clinicians and medical imaging workers and can be widely used in the training of virtual surgical anatomy for medical students.

Computed tomography vertebral segmentation from multi-vendor scanner data

Abstract Automatic medical image segmentation is a crucial procedure for computer-assisted surgery. Especially, three-dimensional reconstruction of medical images of the surgical targets can be accurate in fine anatomical structures with optimal image segmentation, thus leading to successful surgical results. However, the performance of the automatic segmentation algorithm highly depends on the consistent properties of medical images. To address this issue, we propose a model for standardizing computed tomography (CT) images. Hence, our CT image-to-image translation network enables diverse CT images (non-standard images) to be translated to images with identical features (standard images) for the more precise performance of U-Net segmentation. Specifically, we combine an image-to-image translation network with a generative adversarial network, consisting of a residual block-based generative network and the discriminative network. Also, we utilize the feature extracting layers of VGG-16 to extract the style of the standard image and the content of the non-standard image. Moreover, for precise diagnosis and surgery, the conservation of anatomical information of the non-standard image is also essential during the synthesis of medical images. Therefore, for performance evaluation, largely three evaluation methods are employed: (i) visualization of the geometrical matching between the non-standard (content) and synthesized images to verify the maintenance of the anatomical structures; (ii) measuring numerical results using image similarity evaluation metrics; and (iii) assessing the performance of U-Net segmentation with our synthesized images. Specifically, we investigate that our model network can transfer the texture from standard CT images to diverse CT images (non-standard) scanned by different scanners and scan protocols. Also, we verify that the synthesized images can retain the global pose and fine structures of the non-standard images. We also compare the predicted segmentation result of the non-standard image and the synthesized image generated from its non-standard image via our proposed network. In addition, the performance of our proposed model is compared with the windowing process, where the window parameter of the standard image is applied to the non-standard image to ensure that our model outperforms the windowing process.

The Role of Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Medical Images and Virtual Reality in Nursing Experimental Teaching.

With the continuous advancement of medicine and computer science, medical image processing technology is also constantly advancing, and at the same time, it puts forward the needs of its own development. The purpose of this article is to combine the three-dimensional reconstruction of medical images and virtual reality (VR) technology in nursing experiment teaching to help students understand more easily and to simplify the teachers' teaching process and make the VR application technology. It is the most popular and effective in medical teaching. This article proposes the C-V model and the geometric active contour model to help us more clearly understand the pathology in this environment, where the specific symptoms appear, and bring a more easy-to-understand model for teaching and improving teaching quality. This article also designs nursing experiment teaching. The experimental results of this paper show that, after using VR courseware for teaching, the optimal test rate of the experimental class is 15% higher than that of the control class, and the transition rate is 8%. The actual test excellent rate and success rate of the experimental class are much higher than those of the control class. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of VR technology in nursing teaching helps teachers improve their practical ability. The excellent teaching feedback rate is 95%, which is higher than 80.5% in the control group, indicating that the patient teaching simulation is approved by the observation group. The program can effectively improve the feedback rate of excellent teaching and provide students with better teaching services.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of medical images based on 3D slicer

The development of imaging has always been the top priority of modern medical advancement. There are also many methods for image processing in brain. 3D Slicer is an open source medical software that can reconstruct and visualize various medical image data in three dimensions. Three-dimensional reconstruction of blood vessels, hematomas, and nerve fiber tissue in brain can better assist doctors in planning operation and surgical implementation.

3D thermal medical image visualization tool: Integration between MRI and thermographic images.

Three-dimensional medical image reconstruction using different images modalities require registration techniques that are, in general, based on the stacking of 2D MRI/CT images slices. In this way, the integration of two different imaging modalities: anatomical (MRI/CT) and physiological information (infrared image), to generate a 3D thermal model, is a new methodology still under development. This paper presents a 3D THERMO interface that provides flexibility for the 3D visualization: it incorporates the DICOM parameters; different color scale palettes at the final 3D model; 3D visualization at different planes of sections; and a filtering option that provides better image visualization. To summarize, the 3D thermographc medical image visualization provides a realistic and precise medical tool. The merging of two different imaging modalities allows better quality and more fidelity, especially for medical applications in which the temperature changes are clinically significant.

Open sources three-dimensional ultrasound volumetric rendering in object oriented approach

On account of the advanced technology in recent years, the increasing demand for an effective medical imaging system has addressed its significance in diagnosis especially in the development of three-dimensional medical image reconstruction. Based on literature revise on various computational investigated, none of them show efficiency in terms of cost and computing performance. Owing to this fact, a method of 3D ultrasound volume reconstruction and rendering using Visualization Toolkit (VTK) has been proposed in this paper. The 3D reconstruction has been achieved through a series of computerized processes includes DICOM sources manipulation, grey interpolations, ray casting and volume rendering. Volunteered subject scanned on carotid arteries were collected. Experimental simulations were taking place on a maximum 256 numbers of two dimensional ultrasonic slices in DICOM storage. The result obtained indicates that VTK is an efficient open source library in performing 3D restoration especially in the matter of volume rendering. Internal structure of carotid arteries can be examined explicitly in any orientation. Within several virtual slicing features, such as slider, double side slider and box widget, it allows certain region-of-interest (ROI) visualization. The method proposed has shown its future utilities in clinical application especially in CT, MRI and Ultrasound images, in order to provide a more informative view for hospital personnel performing a more significant diagnosis. Key words: Three dimensional, reconstruction, visualization toolkit (VTK), volume, rendering, medical imaging, ultrasound, open sources.

Evaluation of Spherical Parameterization Methods for Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Medical Images

The spherical parameterization is important for the correspondence problem that is a major part of statistical shape modelling for the reconstruction of patient-specific 3D models from medical images. In this paper, we present comparative studies of five common spherical mapping methods applied to the femur and tibia models: the Issenburg et al. method, the Alexa method, the Saba et al. method, the Praun et al. method and the Shen et al. method. These methods are evaluated using three sets of measures: distortion property, geometric error and distance to standard landmarks. Results show that the Praun et al. method performs better than other methods while the Shen et al. method can be regarded as the most reliable one for providing an acceptable correspondence result. We suggest that the area preserving property can be used as a sufficient condition while the angle preserving property is not important when choosing a spherical mapping method for correspondence application.

Visualizing the pediatric airway: three-dimensional modeling of endoscopic images.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of medical images has emerged as an important visualization tool for studying complex anatomy. These tools have found important applications in neurology and plastic surgery using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. However, CT and MRI do not sufficiently delineate lesions of the pediatric airway. Inspection through the rod lens telescope remains the standard diagnostic method. A video recording of an endoscopic procedure is essentially a sequence of two-dimensional images captured as the telescope traverses the airway lumen. Using digitized endoscopic video recordings and computer graphics reconstruction techniques, we have developed a preliminary three-dimensional modeling system for the pediatric airway. A series of normal and abnormal telescopic airway examinations were video recorded. Serial sections were obtained by digitizing the video images at uniform intervals as the scope traversed the airway lumen between the vocal folds and the carina. The digitized images were calibrated and used to reconstruct the airway lumen in three dimensions. Classifying airway abnormalities according to the minimal cross-sectional area or with descriptive terms can be subjective and dependent on the endoscopist's observational skills. We hope that this preliminary work will lead to more precise and understandable methods for representing complex airway lesions.