Three-dimensional Magnetized Plasma Research Articles

Dynamics of ion-acoustic solitary waves in three-dimensional magnetized plasma with thermal ions and electrons: a pseudopotential analysis

Dynamics of ion-acoustic solitary waves in three-dimensional magnetized plasma with thermal ions and electrons: a pseudopotential analysis

3D cylindrical BGK model of electron phase-space holes with finite velocity and polarization drift

Nonlinear kinetic structures, called electron phase-space holes (EHs), are regularly observed in space and experimental magnetized plasmas. The existence of EHs is conditioned and varies according to the ambient magnetic field and the parameters of the electron beam(s) that may generate them. The objective of this paper is to extend the 3D Bernstein–Greene–Kruskal model with cylindrical geometry developed by L.-J. Chen et al. [“Bernstein–Greene–Kruskal solitary waves in three-dimensional magnetized plasma,” Phys. Rev. E 69, 055401 (2004)] and L.-J. Chen et al., [“On the width-amplitude inequality of electron phase space holes,” J. Geophys. Res. 110, A09211 (2005)] to include simultaneously finite effects due to (i) the strength of the ambient magnetic field B0, by modifying the Poisson equation with a term derived from the electron polarization current, and (ii) the drift velocity ue of the background plasma electrons with respect to the EH, by considering velocity-shifted Maxwellian distributions for the boundary conditions. This allows us to more realistically determine the distributions of trapped and passing particles forming the EHs, as well as the width-amplitude relationships for their existence.

Dynamics and head-on collisions of multidimensional dust acoustic shock waves in a self-gravitating magnetized electron-depleted dusty plasma

The dynamics and collisions of dust acoustic (DA) shock excitations traveling in opposite directions are theoretically investigated in a three-dimensional self-gravitating magnetized electron-depleted dusty plasma whose ingredients are extremely warm positively and negatively charged massive dust grains as well as ions that follow the q-nonextensive distribution. A linear analysis and the extended Poincare–Lighthill–Kuo method are used to derive the dispersion relation, the two-sided Korteweg–de Vries Burgers equations, and the phase shift that occurs due to the wave interaction. It is found that gravitation introduces Jeans-like instability, reduces the wave damping rate, decays the aperiodic oscillatory structure of DA excitations, and strongly affects the amplitude, steepness, and occurrence of monotonic compressive and rarefactive shocks. Numerical simulations also highlighted the stabilizing role of the magnetic field and the singularities of the collision process of monotonic shock fronts as well as the undeniable influence of viscosity, ion nonextensivity, and obliqueness between counter-traveling waves on the phase shift and collision profiles. The present results may be useful to better understand interactions of dust acoustic shock waves in the laboratory and astrophysical scenarios, such as dust clouds in the galactic disk, photo-association regions separating H II regions from dense molecular clouds, Saturn's planetary ring, and Halley Comet.

Abundant stable and accurate solutions of the three-dimensional magnetized electron-positron plasma equations

This paper tries constructing analytical and numerical solutions of three-dimensional magnetized electron-positron plasma equations. In magnetized electron-positron plasma with equally hot and cool components of each species, these waves demonstrate weakly nonlinear ion-acoustic characteristics that make studying their dynamical behavior an essential target for its applications. A reduction perturbation method was previously employed to convert this model into the three-dimensional modified Korteweg–de Vries-Zakharov–Kuznetsov (3D KdV–ZK) equation. Operating two recent analytical techniques to the transformed equation gets abundant traveling wave solutions that are used to construct the requested conditions for applying a semi-analytical scheme. Furthermore, the stability property of obtained analytical solutions has been studied. The purposed analytical and semi-analytical method’s performance is investigated to show their power, effectiveness for applying to some nonlinear evolution equations.

Temporal Spectrum of a Scattered Electromagnetic Waves in the Conductive Collision Turbulent Magnetized Plasma

Using WKB method the peculiarities of the temporal spectrum of an ordinary and extraordinary electromagnetic wave scattered in a weakly randomly inhomogeneous three-dimensional nonstationary and conductive magnetized plasma are investigated. On the basis of the stochastic differential transport equation for the frequency fluctuation the broadening and the displacement of the temporal spectrum for both waves are obtained for the polar terrestrial ionosphere. These statistical characteristics contains anisotropic parameters: velocity of a plasma stream, conductivities of the ionosphere, elongated electron density irregularities are characterized by the anisotropy factor and inclination angle with respect to the geomagnetic lines of forces. The analysis of the power spectrum of the waves as a function of the propagation distance and the nondimensional frequency parameter containing the carrier frequency and characteristic temporal scale of electron density fluctuations are carried out. Analytical and numerical calculations have shown that the terrestrial conductivity and anisotropy factors exert a substantial influence on evaluation of the temporal spectrum than the inclination angle. It was found that the wave spectrum increases initially as the square root of the propagation distance, but at large distances it approaches a limiting value. Statistical moments of a scattered ordinary and extraordinary waves do not depend on an absorption sign and valid for both absorptive and active media.

Dynamics of dust-ion acoustic cnoidal and solitary pulses in a magnetized collisional complex plasma

ABSTRACT The diagnostic of magnetized radio frequency complex plasma via probing techniques and spectroscopy is challenging. However, a self-excited dust ion acoustic waves (DIAWs) have been observed employing laser scattering. Inspired by the current high enthusiasm for the theoretical description of complex plasma, we study the propagation of DIAWs in a three-dimensional collisional and magnetized dusty plasma medium. We consider the fluid model for dust and ion particles, while we neglect the inertia of electrons considering the Boltzmann distribution. A linear dispersion relation is obtained and a nonlinear modified Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation is derived utilizing the reductive perturbation technique. The effects of ion-neutral and dust-neutral collisions on the dynamics of the nonlinear DIAWs are considered. The phase portrait analysis and numerical illustration of a rarefactive DIA cnoidal waves and solitons are also presented. Our findings agree with experimental observations by Choudhary M, Bergert R, Mitic S, and Thomas MH. [Influence of external magnetic field on dust acoustic waves in a capacitive rf discharge. Contrib Plasma Phys. 2020;60:e201900115] as the growth of nonlinear periodic waves is recorded when the magnetic field is roughly 0.05 T and vanishes when the magnetic field is close to 0.1 T. Moreover, the model reveals that the electrostatic cnoidal and soliton waves propagate with low frequencies up to 140 Hz.

Investigation on the three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals with function dielectric under magneto-optical Faraday effect

In this paper, the dispersion features of three-dimensional (3D) magnetized plasma photonic crystals with function dielectric arranged by the simple-cubic lattices which are called the function magnetized plasma photonic crystals (FMPPCs) are investigated in theory by the plane wave expansion method under the magneto-optical Faraday effect. The configuration of such FMPPCs is that the function dielectric spheres are inserted into the magnetized plasma. The relative dielectric constant of function dielectric sphere is space-depended. The parameters of FMPPCs effects on the photonic band gaps (PBGs) for the right and left circular polarization waves also are studied. The computed results demonstrate that the obtained PBGs can be tailored by those parameters as mentioned above. The larger PBGs can be achieved in the 3D FMPPCs with the spherical filler compared with those FMPPCs with the cubic filler, when their filling factors are same. The right and left circular polarization waves also can be splitted when the the parameters of FMPPCs are large enough.

The extraordinary mode in the three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals with layer-by-layer lattices containing the function dielectric

In this paper, the characteristics of the extraordinary mode in the three-dimensional (3D) function magnetized plasma photonic crystals (FMPPCs) containing the function dielectric are theoretically investigated by the plane wave expansion method. In such a case, the magneto-optical Voigt effect is considered. The configuration for such FMPPCs is that the function dielectric columns are surrounded by the magnetized plasma, and the embedded dielectric columns are stacked with layer-by-layer lattices, which are arrayed with face-centered-tetragonal symmetry. The relative permittivity of function columns depends on the space coordinates. The relationships between the parameters of FMPPCs and the photonic band gap (PBG) of the extraordinary mode also are studied. The computed results show that the PBG can be tailored by those parameters. Compared with the conventional function dielectric PCs and plasma-dielectric PCs with the same topology, the narrower PBG for the extraordinary mode can be observed in the proposed FMPPCs, and its location is in the higher frequency region.

The dispersion properties of three-dimensional woodpile magnetized plasma photonic crystals including function dielectric under magneto-optical Faraday effect

In this paper, the dispersion properties of three-dimensional function magnetized plasma photonic crystals (FMPPCs) are theoretically studied by a modified plane wave expansion method, when the magneto-optical Faraday effect is considered, and the directions of the electromagnetic wave vector and the extrinsic magnetic field are always parallel to each other. The arrangement of these FMPPCs is that the function dielectric square columns are embedded into the plasma background, and the inserted dielectric columns are arranged by woodpile lattices with face-centered-tetragonal symmetry. The relative permittivity of function square columns depends on the space coordinates. The relationships between the parameters of FMPPCs and the photonic bandgaps (PBGs) for the right and left circular polarization waves also are investigated. The calculated results demonstrate that those PBGs can be tailored by those parameters, and the right and left circular polarization waves can be split when the extrinsic magnetic field is large enough.In this paper, the dispersion properties of three-dimensional function magnetized plasma photonic crystals (FMPPCs) are theoretically studied by a modified plane wave expansion method, when the magneto-optical Faraday effect is considered, and the directions of the electromagnetic wave vector and the extrinsic magnetic field are always parallel to each other. The arrangement of these FMPPCs is that the function dielectric square columns are embedded into the plasma background, and the inserted dielectric columns are arranged by woodpile lattices with face-centered-tetragonal symmetry. The relative permittivity of function square columns depends on the space coordinates. The relationships between the parameters of FMPPCs and the photonic bandgaps (PBGs) for the right and left circular polarization waves also are investigated. The calculated results demonstrate that those PBGs can be tailored by those parameters, and the right and left circular polarization waves can be split when the extrinsic magnetic fie...

Modulated 3D electron-acoustic rogue waves in magnetized plasma with nonthermal electrons

Modulational instability analysis of Electron-acoustic (EA) rogue waves is carried out in a three-dimensional magnetized plasma holding two electron populations (nonthermal hot electrons following Cairns distribution and cold electron fluid) and stationary ions. A \((3+1)\)-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation that governs the evolution of the EA rogue waves in the current plasma system is derived through derivative expansion method. The existence domains for the first and second order rogue waves are investigated. Effects of the plasma parameters on the propagation of the first and second order rogue waves are examined analytically and numerically. Furthermore, the role of the different plasma parameters as well as the critical threshold of the obliqueness \(\theta \) on the first and second order rogue waves for parameters regimes corresponding to dayside auroral zone plasma are emphasized.

Magnetorotational stability in a self-consistent three dimensional axisymmetric magnetized warm plasma equilibrium with a gravitational field

Magnetorotational stability is revisited for self-consistent three-dimensional magnetized hot plasma equilibria in a gravitational field. The eikonal analysis presented finds that magnetorotational stability analysis must be performed with some care to retain compressibility and density gradient effects, and departures from strict Keplerian motion. Indeed, retaining these effects highlights differences between the magnetorotational instability found in the absence of gravity (Velikhov, Sov. Phys. JETP, vol. 36, 1959, pp. 995–998) and that found the presence of gravity (Balbus & Hawley, Astrophys. J., vol. 376, 1991, pp. 214–222). In the non-gravitational case, compressibility and density variation alter the stability condition, while these effects only enter for departures from strict Keplerian motion in a gravitational field. The conditions for instability are made more precise by employing recent magnetized equilibrium results (Catto et al., J. Plasma Phys., vol. 81, 2015, 515810603), rather than employing a hydrodynamic equilibrium. We focus on the stability of the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}>1$ limit for which equilibria were found in the absence of a toroidal magnetic field, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}=$ plasma/magnetic pressure.

Study on the properties of photonic band gap and flatbands in the three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals with a general case

In this paper, the properties of photonic band gap (PBG) and flatbands in the three-dimensional (3D) magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) with a general case in face-centered-cubic lattices are theoretically investigated based on the modified plane wave expansion method, in which the homogeneous magnetized plasma spheres are immersed in the homogeneous and isotropic dielectric background, as the magneto-optical Faraday effects are considered. The more general situation has been considered, and the PBG of such MPPCs is for all of the electromagnetic waves. The derivation of the formulas for calculating also is given. Theoretical computing results show that a PBG and two flatbands regions can be obtained. Compared to the conventional dielectric-air photonic crystals with similar structure, the larger PBG can be obtained in such 3D MPPCs. However, the narrower PBG can be achieved compared to that for the right circular polarized (RCP) wave, and the larger upper edge frequency of second flatbands region can be achieved. For the flatbands region, the upper edge only can be tuned by the plasma frequency and plasma cyclotron frequency. The effects of plasma frequency and plasma cyclotron frequency (the external magnetic field) on the properties of PBG also are investigated theoretically in detail. Theoretical simulations show that the PBG can be manipulated by those two parameters. The results show that the properties of PBG are obviously different with those for RCP wave in the similar 3D MPPCs. Those results can hold promise for opening a new scope to design the filters, planar reflectors, omnidirectional mirrors, absorber or waveguides based on the 3D MPPCs.

Investigation on the magneto-optical Voigt effects in surface plasmon modes and anisotropic photonic band gap in the three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals as the mixed polarized modes considered

In this paper, the magneto-optical Voigt effects in surface plasmon modes and anisotropic photonic band gaps (PBGs) of the three-dimensional (3D) magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) with face-centered-cubic lattices are theoretically investigated based on the modified plane wave expansion (PWE) method, which are the homogeneous Te (tellurium) spheres immersed in the homogeneous magnetized plasma background, as the mixed polarized modes are considered. The more general condition is considered, and the anisotropic PBGs are not only for the extraordinary and ordinary modes but also for mixed polarized modes. The equations for computing such anisotropic PBGs are theoretically deduced. Theoretical simulations show that the anisotropic PBGs and a flatbands region can be observed in the dispersive curve. Compared to the similar 3D MPPCs containing the isotropic dielectric or uniaxial material spheres, the larger PBGs can be obtained as the extraordinary axis of the inserted uniaxial material is along the Г–H symmetry line although the region of flatbands is also different. However, the relative bandwidths of PBGs for such two cases are almost the same. The interesting properties of surface plasmon modes can also be found, which are that the upper edge of flatbands region cannot be tuned by the filling factor but can almost linearly increase on increasing the plasma frequency and plasma cyclotron frequency (the external magnetic field), respectively. The effects of the filling factor, plasma frequency and plasma cyclotron frequency on the anisotropic PBGs are investigated in detail, respectively. Theoretical calculations also show that such PBGs can be manipulated by the parameters as mentioned above.

Three-dimensional dust-ion-acoustic rogue waves in a magnetized dusty pair-ion plasma with nonthermal nonextensive electrons and opposite polarity dust grains

Dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) rogue waves are investigated in a three-dimensional magnetized plasma containing nonthermal electrons featuring Tsallis distribution, both positive and negative ions, and immobile dust grains having both positive and negative charges. Via the reductive perturbation method, a (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation is derived to govern the dynamics of the DIA wave packets. The modulation instability of DIA waves described by the (3 + 1)-dimensional NLS equation is investigated. By means of the similarity transformation and symbolic computation, both the first- and second-order rogue wave solutions of the (3 + 1)-dimensional NLS equation are constructed in terms of rational functions. Moreover, the dynamics properties and the effects of plasma parameters on the nonlinear structures of rogue waves are discussed in detail. The results could be useful for understanding the physical mechanism of rogue waves in laboratory experiments where pair-ion plasmas with electrons and dust grains can be found.

The properties of the extraordinary mode and surface plasmon modes in the three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals based on the magneto-optical Voigt effects

In this paper, the properties of the extraordinary mode and surface plasmon modes in the three-dimensional (3D) magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) with face-centered-cubic lattices that are composed of the core tellurium (Te) spheres with surrounded by the homogeneous magnetized plasma shells inserted in the air, are theoretically investigated in detail by the plane wave expansion method, as the magneto-optical Voigt effects of magnetized plasma are considered (the incidence electromagnetic wave vector is perpendicular to the external magnetic field at any time). The optical switching or wavelength division multiplexer can be realized by the proposed 3D MPPCs. Our analyses demonstrate that the complete photonic band gaps (PBGs) and two flatbands regions for the extraordinary mode can be observed obviously. PBGs can be tuned by the radius of core Te sphere, the plasma density and the external magnetic field. The flatbands regions are determined by the existence of surface plasmon modes. Numerical simulations also show that if the thickness of magnetized plasma shell is larger than a threshold value, the band structures of the extraordinary mode will be similar to those obtained from the same structure containing the pure magnetized plasma spheres. In this case, the band structures also will not be affected by the inserted core spheres. It is also provided that the upper edges of two flatbands regions will not depend on the topology of lattice. However, the frequencies of lower edges of two flatbands regions will be convergent to the different constants for different lattices, as the thickness of magnetized plasma shell is close to zero.

Investigation of the properties of extraordinary mode in three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals with diamond lattices as Voigt effects are considered

In this paper, the properties of extraordinary mode for two types of three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals (3D MPPCs) composed of homogeneous dielectric and magnetized plasma with diamond lattices are theoretically investigated for electromagnetic (EM) wave based on a modified plane wave expansion (PWE) method, as Voigt effects are considered. As EM wave propagates in such 3D MPPCs, the EM wave can be divided in two modes due to the influence of Lorentz force. One is named extraordinary mode and another is ordinary mode. The equations for calculating the dispersive relationships for extraordinary mode as propagating through two types of structures (dielectric spheres immersed in magnetized plasma background or vice versa), are theoretically deduced. The influences of dielectric constant of dielectric, plasma collision frequency, filling factor, the external magnetic field and plasma frequency on the properties of extraordinary mode for both types of MPPCs are investigated in detail, respectively, and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. From the numerical results, it has been shown that not only the locations but also bandwidths and relative bandwidths of the photonic band gaps obtained by extraordinary mode for both types of 3D MPPCs can be manipulated by plasma frequency, filling factor, the external magnetic field and the relative dielectric constant of dielectric, respectively. However, the plasma collision frequency has no effect on the frequency ranges and relative bandwidths of PBGs for two types of 3D MPPCs. The locations of flatbands regions cannot be tuned by any parameters except for plasma frequency and the external magnetic field.

Magneto-optical Faraday effects in dispersive properties for three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals

The dispersive properties of three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals composed of homogeneous magnetized plasma spheres immersed in isotropic dielectric host with face-centered-cubic lattices are theoretically studied based on plane wave expansion method, as the magneto-optical Faraday effects of magnetized plasma are considered. The equations for calculating the band structures are theoretically deduced. The photonic band gap and a flatbands region can be obtained. The influences of host dielectric constant, plasma collision frequency, filling factor, external magnetic field and plasma frequency on the dispersive properties are investigated in detail, respectively, and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. The numerical results show that the photonic band gap can be manipulated by the plasma frequency, filling factor, external magnetic field and host dielectric constant, respectively. However, the plasma collision frequency has no effects on photonic band gap. The location of flatbands region cannot be tuned by any parameters except for the plasma frequency and external magnetic field.

Investigation of anisotropic photonic band gaps in three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals containing the uniaxial material

In this paper, the dispersive properties of three-dimensional (3D) magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) composed of anisotropic dielectric (the uniaxial material) spheres immersed in homogeneous magnetized plasma background with face-centered-cubic (fcc) lattices are theoretically investigated by the plane wave expansion method, as the Voigt effects of magnetized plasma are considered. The equations for calculating the anisotropic photonic band gaps (PBGs) in the first irreducible Brillouin zone are theoretically deduced. The anisotropic PBGs and two flatbands regions can be obtained. The effects of the ordinary-refractive index, extraordinary-refractive index, filling factor, plasma frequency, and external magnetic field on the dispersive properties of the 3D MPPCs are investigated in detail, respectively, and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. The numerical results show that the anisotropy can open partial band gaps in 3D MPPCs with fcc lattices and the complete PBGs can be found compared to the conventional 3D MPPCs doped by the isotropic material. The bandwidths of PBGs can be tuned by introducing the magnetized plasma into 3D PCs containing the uniaxial material. It is also shown that the anisotropic PBGs can be manipulated by the ordinary-refractive index, extraordinary-refractive index, filling factor, plasma frequency, and external magnetic field, respectively. The locations of flatbands regions cannot be manipulated by any parameters except for the plasma frequency and external magnetic field. Introducing the uniaxial material can obtain the complete PBGs as the 3D MPPCs with high symmetry and also provides a way to design the tunable devices.

Investigation of Faraday effects in photonic band gap for tunable three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals containing the anisotropic material in diamond arrangement

In this paper, the properties of photonic band gaps (PBGs) for three-dimensional (3-D) magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) composed of homogeneous magnetized plasma spheres immersed in the anisotropic dielectric (the uniaxial material) background with diamond lattices are theoretically studied by the plane wave expansion method, as the Faraday effects of magnetized plasma are considered. The equations for calculating the anisotropic PBGs in the first irreducible Brillouin zone are theoretically deduced. The anisotropic PBG and one flatbands region can be achieved. The effects of the ordinary-refractive index, extraordinary-refractive index, plasma filling factor, plasma frequency, and the external magnetic field on the characteristics of first anisotropic PBG are studied in detail, respectively, and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. The numerical results show that the anisotropy can open partial band gaps in diamond lattices, and the complete PBG can be obtained compared to the conventional 3-D MPPCs doped by the isotropic material (the relative bandwidth of PBG is increased by 0.1108). The bandwidth of PBG also can be enlarged by introduced the magnetized plasma into 3-D PCs containing the uniaxial material, and the relative bandwidth of PBG is increased by 0.0266. It also is shown that the first anisotropic PBG can be manipulated by the ordinary-refractive index, extraordinary-refractive index, plasma filling factor, plasma frequency, and the external magnetic field, respectively. The PBG can be enlarged by introducing the uniaxial material into 3-D MPPCs as the Faraday effects are considered. It also provides a way to enlarge the complete PBG for the 3-D MPPCs.

Photonic band gap of three dimensional magnetized photonic crystal with Voigt configuration

In this paper, the properties of two types of three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) composed of homogeneous magnetized plasma and dielectric with simple-cubic lattices are theoretically studied by a modified plane wave expansion (PWE) method, as the magneto-optical Voigt effects of magnetized plasma are considered. The equations for type-1 structures with simple-cubic lattices (dielectric spheres immersed in magnetized plasma background), are theoretically deduced. The influences of dielectric constant of dielectric, plasma collision frequency, filling factor, the external magnetic field and plasma frequency on the properties of photonic band gaps (PBGs) for both types of MPPCs are investigated in detail, respectively, and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. The characteristics of flatbands regions are also discussed. From the numerical results, it has been shown that the PBGs of both types of three-dimensional MPPCs can be manipulated by plasma frequency, filling factor, the external magnetic field and the relative dielectric constant of dielectric, respectively. However, the plasma collision frequency has no effects on the PBGs for two types of three-dimensional MPPCs. The locations of flatbands regions can not be tuned by any parameters except for plasma frequency and the external magnetic field.