Three-dimensional Magnetized Plasma Photonic Crystals Research Articles

Investigation on the three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals with function dielectric under magneto-optical Faraday effect

In this paper, the dispersion features of three-dimensional (3D) magnetized plasma photonic crystals with function dielectric arranged by the simple-cubic lattices which are called the function magnetized plasma photonic crystals (FMPPCs) are investigated in theory by the plane wave expansion method under the magneto-optical Faraday effect. The configuration of such FMPPCs is that the function dielectric spheres are inserted into the magnetized plasma. The relative dielectric constant of function dielectric sphere is space-depended. The parameters of FMPPCs effects on the photonic band gaps (PBGs) for the right and left circular polarization waves also are studied. The computed results demonstrate that the obtained PBGs can be tailored by those parameters as mentioned above. The larger PBGs can be achieved in the 3D FMPPCs with the spherical filler compared with those FMPPCs with the cubic filler, when their filling factors are same. The right and left circular polarization waves also can be splitted when the the parameters of FMPPCs are large enough.

The extraordinary mode in the three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals with layer-by-layer lattices containing the function dielectric

In this paper, the characteristics of the extraordinary mode in the three-dimensional (3D) function magnetized plasma photonic crystals (FMPPCs) containing the function dielectric are theoretically investigated by the plane wave expansion method. In such a case, the magneto-optical Voigt effect is considered. The configuration for such FMPPCs is that the function dielectric columns are surrounded by the magnetized plasma, and the embedded dielectric columns are stacked with layer-by-layer lattices, which are arrayed with face-centered-tetragonal symmetry. The relative permittivity of function columns depends on the space coordinates. The relationships between the parameters of FMPPCs and the photonic band gap (PBG) of the extraordinary mode also are studied. The computed results show that the PBG can be tailored by those parameters. Compared with the conventional function dielectric PCs and plasma-dielectric PCs with the same topology, the narrower PBG for the extraordinary mode can be observed in the proposed FMPPCs, and its location is in the higher frequency region.

Study on the properties of photonic band gap and flatbands in the three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals with a general case

In this paper, the properties of photonic band gap (PBG) and flatbands in the three-dimensional (3D) magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) with a general case in face-centered-cubic lattices are theoretically investigated based on the modified plane wave expansion method, in which the homogeneous magnetized plasma spheres are immersed in the homogeneous and isotropic dielectric background, as the magneto-optical Faraday effects are considered. The more general situation has been considered, and the PBG of such MPPCs is for all of the electromagnetic waves. The derivation of the formulas for calculating also is given. Theoretical computing results show that a PBG and two flatbands regions can be obtained. Compared to the conventional dielectric-air photonic crystals with similar structure, the larger PBG can be obtained in such 3D MPPCs. However, the narrower PBG can be achieved compared to that for the right circular polarized (RCP) wave, and the larger upper edge frequency of second flatbands region can be achieved. For the flatbands region, the upper edge only can be tuned by the plasma frequency and plasma cyclotron frequency. The effects of plasma frequency and plasma cyclotron frequency (the external magnetic field) on the properties of PBG also are investigated theoretically in detail. Theoretical simulations show that the PBG can be manipulated by those two parameters. The results show that the properties of PBG are obviously different with those for RCP wave in the similar 3D MPPCs. Those results can hold promise for opening a new scope to design the filters, planar reflectors, omnidirectional mirrors, absorber or waveguides based on the 3D MPPCs.

Investigation on the magneto-optical Voigt effects in surface plasmon modes and anisotropic photonic band gap in the three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals as the mixed polarized modes considered

In this paper, the magneto-optical Voigt effects in surface plasmon modes and anisotropic photonic band gaps (PBGs) of the three-dimensional (3D) magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) with face-centered-cubic lattices are theoretically investigated based on the modified plane wave expansion (PWE) method, which are the homogeneous Te (tellurium) spheres immersed in the homogeneous magnetized plasma background, as the mixed polarized modes are considered. The more general condition is considered, and the anisotropic PBGs are not only for the extraordinary and ordinary modes but also for mixed polarized modes. The equations for computing such anisotropic PBGs are theoretically deduced. Theoretical simulations show that the anisotropic PBGs and a flatbands region can be observed in the dispersive curve. Compared to the similar 3D MPPCs containing the isotropic dielectric or uniaxial material spheres, the larger PBGs can be obtained as the extraordinary axis of the inserted uniaxial material is along the Г–H symmetry line although the region of flatbands is also different. However, the relative bandwidths of PBGs for such two cases are almost the same. The interesting properties of surface plasmon modes can also be found, which are that the upper edge of flatbands region cannot be tuned by the filling factor but can almost linearly increase on increasing the plasma frequency and plasma cyclotron frequency (the external magnetic field), respectively. The effects of the filling factor, plasma frequency and plasma cyclotron frequency on the anisotropic PBGs are investigated in detail, respectively. Theoretical calculations also show that such PBGs can be manipulated by the parameters as mentioned above.

The properties of the extraordinary mode and surface plasmon modes in the three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals based on the magneto-optical Voigt effects

In this paper, the properties of the extraordinary mode and surface plasmon modes in the three-dimensional (3D) magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) with face-centered-cubic lattices that are composed of the core tellurium (Te) spheres with surrounded by the homogeneous magnetized plasma shells inserted in the air, are theoretically investigated in detail by the plane wave expansion method, as the magneto-optical Voigt effects of magnetized plasma are considered (the incidence electromagnetic wave vector is perpendicular to the external magnetic field at any time). The optical switching or wavelength division multiplexer can be realized by the proposed 3D MPPCs. Our analyses demonstrate that the complete photonic band gaps (PBGs) and two flatbands regions for the extraordinary mode can be observed obviously. PBGs can be tuned by the radius of core Te sphere, the plasma density and the external magnetic field. The flatbands regions are determined by the existence of surface plasmon modes. Numerical simulations also show that if the thickness of magnetized plasma shell is larger than a threshold value, the band structures of the extraordinary mode will be similar to those obtained from the same structure containing the pure magnetized plasma spheres. In this case, the band structures also will not be affected by the inserted core spheres. It is also provided that the upper edges of two flatbands regions will not depend on the topology of lattice. However, the frequencies of lower edges of two flatbands regions will be convergent to the different constants for different lattices, as the thickness of magnetized plasma shell is close to zero.

Investigation of the properties of extraordinary mode in three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals with diamond lattices as Voigt effects are considered

In this paper, the properties of extraordinary mode for two types of three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals (3D MPPCs) composed of homogeneous dielectric and magnetized plasma with diamond lattices are theoretically investigated for electromagnetic (EM) wave based on a modified plane wave expansion (PWE) method, as Voigt effects are considered. As EM wave propagates in such 3D MPPCs, the EM wave can be divided in two modes due to the influence of Lorentz force. One is named extraordinary mode and another is ordinary mode. The equations for calculating the dispersive relationships for extraordinary mode as propagating through two types of structures (dielectric spheres immersed in magnetized plasma background or vice versa), are theoretically deduced. The influences of dielectric constant of dielectric, plasma collision frequency, filling factor, the external magnetic field and plasma frequency on the properties of extraordinary mode for both types of MPPCs are investigated in detail, respectively, and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. From the numerical results, it has been shown that not only the locations but also bandwidths and relative bandwidths of the photonic band gaps obtained by extraordinary mode for both types of 3D MPPCs can be manipulated by plasma frequency, filling factor, the external magnetic field and the relative dielectric constant of dielectric, respectively. However, the plasma collision frequency has no effect on the frequency ranges and relative bandwidths of PBGs for two types of 3D MPPCs. The locations of flatbands regions cannot be tuned by any parameters except for plasma frequency and the external magnetic field.

Magneto-optical Faraday effects in dispersive properties for three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals

The dispersive properties of three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals composed of homogeneous magnetized plasma spheres immersed in isotropic dielectric host with face-centered-cubic lattices are theoretically studied based on plane wave expansion method, as the magneto-optical Faraday effects of magnetized plasma are considered. The equations for calculating the band structures are theoretically deduced. The photonic band gap and a flatbands region can be obtained. The influences of host dielectric constant, plasma collision frequency, filling factor, external magnetic field and plasma frequency on the dispersive properties are investigated in detail, respectively, and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. The numerical results show that the photonic band gap can be manipulated by the plasma frequency, filling factor, external magnetic field and host dielectric constant, respectively. However, the plasma collision frequency has no effects on photonic band gap. The location of flatbands region cannot be tuned by any parameters except for the plasma frequency and external magnetic field.

Magneto-Optical Faraday Effects in Dispersive Properties and Unusual Surface Plasmon Modes in the Three-Dimensional Magnetized Plasma Photonic Crystals

The dispersive properties and unusual surface plasmon modes in three-dimensional (3-D) magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) with face-centered-cubic lattices that are composed of the core tellurium (Te) spheres surrounded by the magnetized plasma shells inserted in the air are theoretically studied in detail by the plane-wave expansion method, as the magneto-optical Faraday effects of magnetized plasma are considered. Our analysis shows that the proposed 3-D MPPCs can obtain the complete photonic band gaps, which can be manipulated by the radius of core Te sphere, the plasma density, and the external magnetic field, respectively. We also find that a flatband region can be achieved, which is determined by the existence of surface plasmon modes. If the thickness of the magnetized plasma shell is less than a threshold value, the band structures of such 3-D MPPCs will be similar to those obtained from the same structure containing the pure magnetized plasma spheres. In this case, the inserted core sphere also will not affect the band structures. It is also noticed that the upper edge of flatband region does not depend on the topology of lattice.

Investigation of anisotropic photonic band gaps in three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals containing the uniaxial material

In this paper, the dispersive properties of three-dimensional (3D) magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) composed of anisotropic dielectric (the uniaxial material) spheres immersed in homogeneous magnetized plasma background with face-centered-cubic (fcc) lattices are theoretically investigated by the plane wave expansion method, as the Voigt effects of magnetized plasma are considered. The equations for calculating the anisotropic photonic band gaps (PBGs) in the first irreducible Brillouin zone are theoretically deduced. The anisotropic PBGs and two flatbands regions can be obtained. The effects of the ordinary-refractive index, extraordinary-refractive index, filling factor, plasma frequency, and external magnetic field on the dispersive properties of the 3D MPPCs are investigated in detail, respectively, and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. The numerical results show that the anisotropy can open partial band gaps in 3D MPPCs with fcc lattices and the complete PBGs can be found compared to the conventional 3D MPPCs doped by the isotropic material. The bandwidths of PBGs can be tuned by introducing the magnetized plasma into 3D PCs containing the uniaxial material. It is also shown that the anisotropic PBGs can be manipulated by the ordinary-refractive index, extraordinary-refractive index, filling factor, plasma frequency, and external magnetic field, respectively. The locations of flatbands regions cannot be manipulated by any parameters except for the plasma frequency and external magnetic field. Introducing the uniaxial material can obtain the complete PBGs as the 3D MPPCs with high symmetry and also provides a way to design the tunable devices.

Investigation of Faraday effects in photonic band gap for tunable three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals containing the anisotropic material in diamond arrangement

In this paper, the properties of photonic band gaps (PBGs) for three-dimensional (3-D) magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) composed of homogeneous magnetized plasma spheres immersed in the anisotropic dielectric (the uniaxial material) background with diamond lattices are theoretically studied by the plane wave expansion method, as the Faraday effects of magnetized plasma are considered. The equations for calculating the anisotropic PBGs in the first irreducible Brillouin zone are theoretically deduced. The anisotropic PBG and one flatbands region can be achieved. The effects of the ordinary-refractive index, extraordinary-refractive index, plasma filling factor, plasma frequency, and the external magnetic field on the characteristics of first anisotropic PBG are studied in detail, respectively, and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. The numerical results show that the anisotropy can open partial band gaps in diamond lattices, and the complete PBG can be obtained compared to the conventional 3-D MPPCs doped by the isotropic material (the relative bandwidth of PBG is increased by 0.1108). The bandwidth of PBG also can be enlarged by introduced the magnetized plasma into 3-D PCs containing the uniaxial material, and the relative bandwidth of PBG is increased by 0.0266. It also is shown that the first anisotropic PBG can be manipulated by the ordinary-refractive index, extraordinary-refractive index, plasma filling factor, plasma frequency, and the external magnetic field, respectively. The PBG can be enlarged by introducing the uniaxial material into 3-D MPPCs as the Faraday effects are considered. It also provides a way to enlarge the complete PBG for the 3-D MPPCs.

Photonic band gap of three dimensional magnetized photonic crystal with Voigt configuration

In this paper, the properties of two types of three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) composed of homogeneous magnetized plasma and dielectric with simple-cubic lattices are theoretically studied by a modified plane wave expansion (PWE) method, as the magneto-optical Voigt effects of magnetized plasma are considered. The equations for type-1 structures with simple-cubic lattices (dielectric spheres immersed in magnetized plasma background), are theoretically deduced. The influences of dielectric constant of dielectric, plasma collision frequency, filling factor, the external magnetic field and plasma frequency on the properties of photonic band gaps (PBGs) for both types of MPPCs are investigated in detail, respectively, and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. The characteristics of flatbands regions are also discussed. From the numerical results, it has been shown that the PBGs of both types of three-dimensional MPPCs can be manipulated by plasma frequency, filling factor, the external magnetic field and the relative dielectric constant of dielectric, respectively. However, the plasma collision frequency has no effects on the PBGs for two types of three-dimensional MPPCs. The locations of flatbands regions can not be tuned by any parameters except for plasma frequency and the external magnetic field.

The Voigt effects in the anisotropic photonic band gaps of three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals doped by the uniaxial material

In this paper, the properties of photonic band gaps (PBGs) for three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) composed of anisotropic dielectric (the uniaxial material) spheres immersed in homogeneous magnetized plasma background with simple-cubic lattices are theoretically investigated by the plane wave expansion (PWE) method, as the Voigt effects of magnetized plasma are considered. The equations for calculating the anisotropic PBGs in the first irreducible Brillouin zone are theoretically deduced. The anisotropic PBGs and two flatband regions can be obtained. The effects of the ordinary-refractive index, extraordinary-refractive index, filling factor, plasma frequency and plasma cyclotron frequency on the characteristics of anisotropic PBGs for the three-dimensional MPPCs are studied in detail and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. The numerical results show that the anisotropy can open partial band gaps in simple-cubic lattices and the complete PBGs can be found compared to the conventional three-dimensional MPPCs doped by the isotropic material. The bandwidths of PBGs can be enlarged by introducing the magnetized plasma into three-dimensional PCs containing the uniaxial material. It is also shown that the anisotropic PBGs can be manipulated by the ordinary-refractive index, extraordinary-refractive index, filling factor, plasma frequency and plasma cyclotron frequency. The locations of flatband regions cannot be tuned by any parameters except for the plasma frequency and plasma cyclotron frequency. Introducing the uniaxial material in three-dimensional magnetized plasma-dielectric photonic crystals can enlarge the PBGs and also provide a way to obtain the complete PBGs as the three-dimensional MPPCs with high symmetry.

Analysis of Voigt effects in dispersive properties for tunable three-dimensional face-centered-cubic magnetized plasma photonic crystals

The Voigt effects in dispersive properties of three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals (magnetized plasma spheres immersed in dielectric background), composed of homogeneous dielectric and magnetized plasma with face-centered-cubic lattices are theoretically investigated based on the plane wave expansion method, as incidence electromagnetic wave vector is perpendicular to the external magnetic field. The equations for calculating the band diagrams are theoretically deduced. The influences of dielectric constant of dielectric, plasma collision frequency, filling factor, plasma cyclotron frequency, and plasma frequency on the dispersive properties are studied in detail, respectively, and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. From the numerical results, it has been shown that the photonic band gap (PBG) can be manipulated by plasma frequency, filling factor, plasma cyclotron frequency, and the relative dielectric constant of dielectric, respectively. However, the plasma collision frequency has no effects on the location and relative bandwidth of the PBG. The locations of two flatbands regions cannot be tuned by any parameters except for plasma frequency and plasma cyclotron frequency.

Analysis of photonic band gap in dispersive properties of tunable three-dimensional photonic crystals doped by magnetized plasma

In this paper, the magnetooptical effects in dispersive properties for two types of three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals (MPPCs) containing homogeneous dielectric and magnetized plasma with diamond lattices are theoretically investigated for electromagnetic (EM) wave based on plane wave expansion (PWE) method, as incidence EM wave vector is parallel to the external magnetic field. The equations for two types of MPPCs with diamond lattices (dielectric spheres immersed in magnetized plasma background or vice versa) are theoretically deduced. The influences of dielectric constant, plasma collision frequency, filling factor, the external magnetic field, and plasma frequency on the dispersive properties for both types of structures are studied in detail, respectively, and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. From the numerical results, it has been shown that the photonic band gaps (PBGs) for both types of MPPCs can be manipulated by plasma frequency, filling factor, the external magnetic field, and the relative dielectric constant of dielectric, respectively. Especially, the external magnetic field can enlarge the PBG for type-2 structure (plasma spheres immersed in dielectric background). However, the plasma collision frequency has no effect on the dispersive properties of two types of three-dimensional MPPCs. The locations of flatbands regions for both types of structures cannot be tuned by any parameters except for plasma frequency and the external magnetic field. The analytical results may be informative and of technical use to design the MPPCs devices.