Three-dimensional Diagnostic Imaging Research Articles

CBCT Imaging of a Rare Case of Radix Entomolaris in Mandibular Second Molar

The presence of an additional supernumerary distolingual root in the mandibular molar is termed Radix Entomolaris (RE). It is common in the mandibular first molar, but its occurrence in the mandibular second molar is scarcely reported in the literature. Two-dimensional imaging can diagnose anatomical root canal variations when taken with different horizontal angulations. With the recent innovations in three-dimensional diagnostic imaging, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can aid in unfolding the complexities of the root canal system. Accurate diagnosis by CBCT leads to the success of endodontic treatment. A rare case of radix entomolaris in the mandibular second molar in an Indian female is reported here with three of its CBCT findings. Imaging in all three dimensions, oblique sections and volume rendering by CBCT proved to be of additional help to understand the complex anatomy and root canal morphology of the tooth.

Clinical Consideration of Two Patients with Cemental Tear based on Three-dimensional Diagnostic Imaging

Clinical Consideration of Two Patients with Cemental Tear based on Three-dimensional Diagnostic Imaging

Health monitoring of rail structures using guided waves and three-dimensional diagnostic imaging

With the rapid development of high-speed railway around the world, more advanced nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques are required to detect structural damage in its forming stage before the damage jeopardizes the safety of the structures. In this aspect, guided-wave-based diagnostic imaging is a recent research focus, aimed at intuitionally showing the healthy status of the structure under inspection. However, the present diagnostic imaging techniques are mostly two-dimensional imaging methods, which fail to inspect complicated solid structures. In this study, a novel three-dimensional diagnostic imaging technique was developed in conjunction with an active sensor network, capable of real-time monitoring complex solid engineering structures. The ToF-based signal features were extracted from captured guided waves signals, and subsequently applied to define field values. The effectiveness of the approach was examined by identifying a crack introduced into a part of the real rail structure using both FE simulation and experiments. Results have revealed that the developed three-dimensional imaging approach is able to quantitatively visualizing structural damage in complicated solid engineering structures.

Detection of Procedural Errors with Stainless Steel and NiTi Instruments by Undergraduate Students Using Conventional Radiograph and Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

This study investigated procedural errors made during root canal preparation using stainless steel and nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments by undergraduate students, using two diagnostic imaging methods. Sixty human molars were divided into three groups (n=20; group 1: K-Flexofile, group 2: K3, and group 3: BioRace). The root canals were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus. Periapical radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained to detect procedural errors made by undergraduate students during root canal preparation. Two examiners evaluated the presence or absence of fractured instruments, perforations and canal transportations. The agreement between observers was assessed using the kappa coefficient. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Fisher exact, ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at 5%. There were no significant differences in detecting procedural errors between two- and three-dimensional diagnostic imaging methods. There were no significant differences in procedural errors between stainless steel and NiTi instruments. Mean preparation time was recorded in minutes, and results were significantly different between the three groups. NiTi instruments had the lowest mean preparation time. Both periapical radiographs and CBCT identified procedural errors, however, three-dimensional images offered more diagnostic resources. The frequency of procedural errors was low for any of the endodontic instruments despite being used by inexperienced operators.

Entwicklung der intraoperativen C-Bogenanwendung in der Unfallchirurgie

Since the earliest beginnings of using X-rays, two forms of examination techniques have been known: X-ray imaging and projection onto films. The new technology very rapidly became widespread. Just a few months after the discovery of the so-called X-rays, the first fluoroscopes (instruments for visualizing internal structures) were constructed and constantly improved upon. If the operation took place in bright light, a cryptoscope was needed for examination. Since 1984 fluoroscopic examinations or interventions performed under X-ray control are only permitted when systems are used that are equipped with an image intensifier video chain or a digital image receiver with TV monitor.At about the beginning of the new century the first digital imaging systems with solid-state detectors were put into service. Flat panel detectors offer high-quality imaging with good spatial resolution and contrast recognition. At the present time, storable intraoperative three-dimensional diagnostic imaging is available.

CHARACTERIZATION OF CANINE SUPERFICIAL TUMORS USING GRAY‐SCALE B MODE, COLOR FLOW MAPPING, AND SPECTRAL DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHY—A MULTIVARIATE STUDY

Superficial tumors are not routinely evaluated by two- or three-dimensional diagnostic imaging methods as part of the staging of canine cancer patients, although superficial tumors are readily imaged by ultrasound. The objectives of this study were to characterize the ultrasonographic patterns of superficial tumors and to evaluate whether ultrasound can help discriminate between benign and malignant tumors in dogs. Superficial tumors (n=132) in 86 dogs were evaluated by B mode, color flow mapping, and spectral Doppler ultrasonography. Size, echogenicity, tumor border definition, invasiveness, acoustic transmission, presence and distribution of vascular flow to and within the tumor, as well as perfusion indices were measured. The tumors were classified as lipomas, benign tumors, atypical mammary tumors, and malignant tumors. Multivariate statistics using discriminant analysis was used to determine which parameters may be used to predict the status of the tumor. Tumor echogenicity, border shape, acoustic shadowing, total number of vessels to the tumor and the total flow amount are the parameters that in combination resulted in the lowest classification error (24%), meaning that on average three out of four tumors were correctly classified using these parameters. All the lipomas and atypical mammary tumors were classified correctly by ultrasonography. The results of this study show that ultrasonography has an important role in the evaluation of canine superficial tumors, particularly in the evaluation of tissue homogeneity and tumor vascularity.

Medical electronics: Pacemaker responds to changes in body motion worldwide use of artificial hearts increases three-dimensional diagnostic imaging matures

Two developments in cardiac devices are described: the first single-chamber rate-responsive pacer, a device that changes its rate based on the cavity of the patient and the growth in the implantation of temporary ventricular assist devices and artificial hearts. Advances in imaging technology are also discussed, focusing on those that enable the data churned out by the range of diagnostic tools now widely available to be used more effectively and developments in three-dimensional imaging.