Thr54 Allele Research Articles

FABP2 Ala54Thr Polymorphism and Post-Training Changes of Body Composition and Biochemical Parameters in Caucasian Women.

The functional FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism (rs1799883) is strongly associated with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, although the function of its potential modifying effect on training-induced changes in obesity-related parameters is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the Ala54Thr polymorphism on post-training changes of selected body mass and body composition measurements, as well as with biochemical parameters of energy metabolism. Accordingly, alleles and genotypes distribution in a group of 168 young, nonobese Caucasian women measured for chosen body composition parameters, lipid profile, and glucose levels before and after the completion of a 12-week aerobic training program were studied. Although the obtained results showed changes in body mass, BMI, FM, %FM, FFM, TBW, HDL-C, and glucose levels during the training program, none of the examined parameters changed significantly across the FABP2 genotypes. Instead, we found a main effect of genotype on BMI (p = 0.033), with carriers of the Thr54 allele having a higher BMI during the whole study period compared with the Ala54 carriers. We confirm that the FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism may help identify women at risk for overweight and obesity. However, we did not notice evidence of an interaction between physical activity and the Ala54Thr polymorphism on the examined parameters.

Effects of polymorphism in FABP2 Ala54Thr on serum lipids and glycemic control in low glycemic index diets are associated with gender among Han Chinese with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background/aimsLow glycemic index (GI) diets may have beneficial effects on glycemic control and serum lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, but whether its effect is affected by polymorphisms of genes associated with lipid metabolism remains unclear. This study investigated whether the effects of a low-GI diet on serum lipids and glycemic control in patients with diabetes are associated with polymorphisms of FABP2 Ala54Thr (rs1799883).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted involving 165 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who participated in two completed trials. Parameters reflecting the glycemic control, inflammatory factors, and fasting plasma lipids before and after intervention were measured, and the polymorphism of rs1799883 for each participant was genotyped using a Mas-sARRAY. Differences between the genotypes of rs1799883 before or after the intervention were compared, and changes in the lipid profiles, glycemic control, inflammatory profiles, and dietary intake from baseline were analyzed using an analysis of covariance (generalized linear model).ResultsWhen the data were analyzed as a whole, after 4–5 weeks of similar low-GI diet intervention, we found that the decrease of triglycerides (TG) in the homozygous Ala54 carriers was more significant than that in the Thr54 allele carriers ([−0.58±1.24] vs [−0.14±1.08], P=0.015) with the adjustment for potential confounding factors; furthermore, compared with the Thr54 carriers, there was a significant trend in the decrease of total cholesterol (TC) in the homozygous Ala54 carriers (P=0.057). Subgroup analysis revealed that in women the homozygous Ala54 carriers exhibited a significant decrease of serum TG, TC, fasting blood glucose, and glycated albumin in women, but this was not noted in men.ConclusionThe effect of FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism on response to blood lipids and gly-cemic control in low-GI diets is associated with gender among Han Chinese patients with T2DM.

Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia Is Associated with the Variant 54 Threonine FABP2 Gene.

Purpose: Fasting or postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is considered an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. The intestinal fatty acid binding protein (FABP2) is involved in the intracellular transport and metabolism of fatty acids. The presence of the Ala54Thr polymorphism of the FABP2 gene appears to be involved in postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. We explored the possible association of the Ala54Thr polymorphism with fat intolerance in apparently healthy, fasting, normolipidemic subjects with normal body-mass index and without diabetes. Methodology: A total of 158 apparently healthy individuals were classified as fat tolerant (n = 123) or intolerant (n = 35) according to their response (plasma triglycerides) to an oral abbreviated tolerance test with blood samples taken at 0, 2 and 4 h. At 0 h, all subjects ingested 26.3 g of fats. Presence of the Ala54Thr polymorphism of the FABP2 gene was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length (PCR–RFLP). Results: The group with fat intolerance (postprandial hypertriglyceridemia group) showed an increased frequency of the Thr54Thr genotype when compared with the group with normal fat tolerance (control group) (23% vs. 4%, respectively, OR: 16.53, 95% CI: 4.09–66.82, p: 0.0001, pc: 0.0003). Carriers of at least one Thr54 allele were up to six times more prevalent in the fat intolerant group than in the non-carriers. (OR: 6.35; 95% CI: 1.86–21.59, p: 0.0003, pc: 0.0009). The levels of plasma triglycerides (Tg) at 4 h after the test meal were higher in carriers of at least one 54Thr allele than in carriers of the Ala54 allele (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There is a significant association between postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and the presence of at least one 54Thr allele of the FABP2 gene. In addition, subjects with this genotype showed an increased ratio of Tg/HDL-cholesterol. This parameter is a marker of increased CVD risk and insulin resistance.

Anthropometric and lipid profile of individuals with severe obesity carrying the fatty acid-binding protein-2 Thr54 allele.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric and lipid profiles of individuals being considered for bariatric surgery, taking into account the presence of the Thr54 allele of the fatty acid-binding protein-2 (FABP-2) gene (rs1799883), and dietary intake. In a cross-sectional study, 120 participants being evaluated for bariatric surgery were asked to keep 24-h dietary records (R24h) for 3d, and to collect a 24-h urine sample for measurement of urea (as an assessment of the adequacy of food records) during day 3 of the diet record; a fasting blood sample for laboratory and genetic evaluations was collected. When considering the whole sample, no significant differences were found; however, those who complied with the R24h (n=43) had more years of schooling and higher saturated fat intake, but lower weight and body mass index (BMI). When analyzing only the completers, the Thr54 allele carriers showed higher body weight (P=0.02), BMI (P=0.03), hip circumference (P=0.02), basal metabolic rate (P=0.02), and homeostatic model assessment-β (P=0.04) compared with those who were homozygous for Ala54. When the participants complied with the R24h, Thr54 carriers were shown to have higher anthropometric parameters and higher homeostatic model assessment-β values than those with the wild genotype, but the lipid profile resulted similar in both carriers and noncarriers.

Intestinal fatty acid binding protein Ala54Thr polymorphism is associated with peripheral atherosclerosis combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) is expressed in enterocytes and binds saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids. The FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism has been reported to effect lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between this polymorphism and peripheral atherosclerosis combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in an Egyptian population. The study was performed on 100 T2DM patients with peripheral atherosclerosis and 100 control subjects. The Ala54Thr polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, whereas serum FABP2 levels were determined using ELISA. Fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin concentrations, HbA1c, lipid profile, body mass index (BMI) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) were determined. There was a higher frequency of the Thr54 allele among the patient group (P = 0.002). In Ala54/Thr54 heterozygotes and carriers of the rare Thr54/Thr54 genotype, there were significant increases in BMI and FABP2. Those with the Thr54/Thr54 genotype had significantly decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations; in addition, those with the Thr54/Thr54 genotype had significantly higher SBP and DBP than subjects with the Ala54/Ala54 and Ala54/Thr54 genotypes. There was a positive correlation between FABP2 levels and BMI, SBP and DBP, and a negative correlation with HDL-C. The Thr54 allele of the FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism was associated with an increased incidence of peripheral atherosclerosis combined with T2DM in the population studied.

The Ala54Thr Polymorphism of the Fatty Acid Binding Protein 2 Gene Modulates HDL Cholesterol in Mexican-Americans with Type 2 Diabetes.

The alanine to threonine amino acid substitution at codon 54 (Ala54Thr) of the intestinal fatty acid binding protein (FABP2) has been associated with elevated levels of insulin and blood glucose as well as with dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of this FABP2 polymorphism in Mexican-Americans with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the context of a three-month intervention to determine if the polymorphism differentially modulates selected clinical outcomes. For this study, we genotyped 43 participant samples and performed post-hoc outcome analysis of the profile changes in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, lipid panel and body composition, stratified by the Ala54Thr polymorphism. Our results show that the Thr54 allele carriers (those who were heterozygous or homozygous for the threonine-encoding allele) had lower HDL cholesterol and higher triglyceride levels at baseline compared to the Ala54 homozygotes (those who were homozygous for the alanine-encoding allele). Both groups made clinically important improvements in lipid profiles and glycemic control as a response to the intervention. Whereas the Ala54 homozygotes decreased HDL cholesterol in the context of an overall total cholesterol decrease, Thr54 allele carriers increased HDL cholesterol as part of an overall total cholesterol decrease. We conclude that the Ala54Thr polymorphism of FABP2 modulates HDL cholesterol in Mexican-Americans with T2D and that Thr54 allele carriers may be responsive in interventions that include dietary changes.

Role of Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 2 Ala54Thr Genotype on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Risk Factors after a High-Protein/Low-Carbohydrate versus a Standard Hypocaloric Diet during 9 Months

Background: It has been found that the expression of fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene mRNA is under dietary control. The polymorphism Ala54Thr of this protein was associated with high insulin resistance. Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Thr54 polymorphism on metabolic response, weight loss and serum adipokine levels secondary to high-protein/low-carbohydrate vs. standard hypocaloric diets during 9 months. Design: A population of 193 obese subjects was analyzed in a randomized trial. A nutritional evaluation was performed at the beginning and at the end of a 9-month period in which subjects received 1 of 2 diets (diet HP: high-protein/low-carbohydrate vs. diet S: standard diet). Results: With both diets and in both genotype groups, body mass index, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and leptin levels decreased. With both diets and only in wild genotype (diet HP vs. diet S), glucose (-6.2 ± 2.1 vs. -4.9 ± 2.0 mg/dl; p < 0.05), insulin levels (-5.0 ± 3.9 vs. -2.0 ± 2.1 UI/l; p < 0.05), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-R) (-1.1 ± 0.9 vs. -0.7 ± 1.0 units; p < 0.05) decreased. The improvement in these parameters was higher with diet HP than HS. With both diets and only in the wild genotype, total cholesterol and LDL-total cholesterol levels decreased. Conclusion: Carriers of Thr54 allele have a different metabolic response after weight loss than wild type non-A carriers obese, with a lack of decrease of LDL-cholesterol, glucose, insulin levels and HOMA-R.

The fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) polymorphism Ala54Thr and obesity in Pakistan: A population based study and a systematic meta-analysis

The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide and it has been designated as a global epidemic by WHO. In Pakistan, recent decades have seen an explosion of obesity, but the research in the field of obesity genetics is limited. We aimed to determine the allele/genotype frequencies of Ala54Thr polymorphism of the FABP2 gene that affects fatty acid metabolism and look for its association on serum biochemical parameters in the Pakistani population. A total of 569 obese and 446 non obese controls were genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. Serum parameters were determined by commercially available kits. Results showed a higher allele frequency of Thr54 allele in cases (0.424) as well as controls (0.331) than Caucasians (0.271). The risk allele was significantly associated with obesity (p=0.002) and there was a significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies among cases and controls (p=0.002). The risk allele is significantly associated with serum total cholesterol and LDL-c but not triglycerides, HDL-c, leptin, systolic/diastolic blood pressure and insulin. The Ala54Thr polymorphism has a high prevalence in the Pakistani population and may play a considerable role in the development of obesity. The effect on obesity may be in part mediated through changing serum cholesterol levels. We then performed a systematic search for any previous reports on the association of the variant with obesity. We identified 5 studies for Ala54Thr association with obesity in Asian subjects. The meta-analysis revealed a significant association of the variant with obesity (Thr allele: OR=1.15, CI=1.02–1.30 and p-value=0.02).

Influence of ApoE and FABP2 polymorphisms and environmental factors in the susceptibility to gallstone disease

Background. Gallstone disease (GSD) is a common chronic disease in the Western hemisphere, yet environmental and genetic factors may be responsible for the variations in the prevalence of GSD among populations.Aim. To analyze the relationship of the ApoE and FABP2 polymorphisms with diet, physical activity and emotional health in patients with GSD from West Mexico.Material and methods. A total of 120 patients with GSD and 370 healthy subjects were enrolled. Anthropometric, biochemical, nutritional, clinical and physical activity parameters were measured. ApoE and FABP2 genotypes were assesed by PCR-RFLPs assays.Results: ApoE E3/E4 genotype and the ApoE E4 allele was highly prevalent among the GSD patients compared to the controls (32% vs. 12.0% and 22% vs. 8.4% respectively p < 0.01). Patients with the Apo E4 allele showed an upward trend of cholesterol levels compared to non-Apo E4 allele carriers (E4 186 ± 30 mg/dL; E3 143 ± 37 mg/dL; E2 129 ± 34 mg/dL). High triglyceride levels were associated with patients that were FABP2 Thr54 allele carriers (p < 0.05) but lacked association with GSD. This may be due to changes in dietary fats after GSD diagnosis, masking the clinical course of the disease. Sedentary lifestyle and negative emotions were detected in 83% and 63% of patients, respectively.Conclusion. These data suggest that the Apo E4 allele could confer genetic susceptibility for the development of GSD among the Mexican population. The Ala54Thr polymorphism of FABP2 was associated with high triglycerides levels, but not to GSD; suggesting that environmental factors modulate such susceptibility.

Genotype and allele frequencies of the intestinal fatty acid binding protein-2 gene in two Arab populations

Objective: Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFAPB) participates in the uptake, intracellular metabolism and/or transport of long chain fatty acids. A polymorphism at codon 54 in exon 2 of FABP2 gene, which encodes for the IFAPB, exchanges an Alanine for Threonine. FABP2 gene polymorphism could modify the uptake of fatty acids, and it could correlate with risk of several diseases. In the light of the potential role of the FABP2 polymorphism, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of the Ala54Thr FABP2 polymorphism in two Middle Eastern Arab Populations. Materials and Methods: Genotyping was investigated in 182 and 120 unrelated healthy subjects from Bahrain and Jordan, respectively. A PCR-RFLP assay was applied for determination of Ala54Thr (rs1799883) FABP2 polymorphism. Allele frequencies were calculated by direct counting. Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium was evaluated using a Chi- square goodness of fit test. Results: In the studied Bahraini subjects, 52.8% were homozygous for the Ala54/Ala54 genotype, 35.7% were heterozygous for the Ala54/Thr54 genotype and 11.5% were homozygous for the Thr54/Thr54 genotype. The gene frequencies obtained in Jordanians were: 48.3%, 43.3% and 8.4% for Ala54/Ala54; Ala54/Thr54 and Thr54/Thr54 genotypes, respectively. The frequencies of the allele Ala54 and the allele Thr54 of the FABP2 gene were found to be 0.706 and 0.294 for Bahrainis and 0.700 and 0.300 for Jordanians. These results revealed a similar population polymorphism frequency as in previous European and Arab populations' studies. Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate the population frequency of the Thr54 allele in Bahraini and Jordanian populations.

Fatty acid-binding protein 2 Ala54Thr genotype is associated with insulin resistance and leptin levels changes after a high monounsaturated fat diet in obese non-diabetic patients

It has been found that the expression of fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) mRNA is under dietary control. This polymorphism was associated with high insulin resistance, and fasting insulin concentrations. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Thr54 polymorphism in the FABP2 gene on metabolic response, weight loss and serum adipokine levels secondary to a high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet. A sample of 122 obese patients was analyzed in a prospective way. The hypocaloric diet had 1342 kcal, 46.6% of carbohydrates, 34.1% of lipids and 19.2% of proteins, with a 67.5% of monounsaturated fats, and lasted 3 months. Fifty-five patients (45.1%) had the genotype Ala54/Ala54 (wild group) and 67 (64.9%) patients a mutant genotype, Ala54/Thr54 (54 patients, 44.3%) or Thr54/Thr54 (13 patients, 10.7%). In wild group, body mass index (-1.5±1.2 kg/m2), weight (-4.1±3.6 kg), fat mass (-3.6±3.3 kg), waist circumference (-4.9±2.9 cm), insulin (-1.7±3.6 mUI/l), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (-0.6±1.8 units) and leptin levels decreased (-7.6±7.1 ng/ml). In mutant group, anthropometric parameters improved, without changes in biochemical parameters. Carriers of Thr54 allele have a different response than wild type obese, with a lack of decrease of insulin levels, leptin levels and HOMA-IR.

Effect of Fatty Acid–Binding Protein 2 Ala54Thr Genotype on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Risk Factors After a High–Polyunsaturated Fat Diet in Obese Patients

BackgroundIt has been found that the expression of fatty acid-binding protein 2 messenger RNA is under dietary control.The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Thr54 polymorphism...

Effect of Ala54Thr polymorphism of FABP2 on anthropometric and biochemical variables in response to a moderate-fat diet

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of the fatty acid–binding protein (FABP2) gene Ala54Thr polymorphism on anthropometric and biochemical variables in response to a moderate-fat diet in overweight or obese subjects. MethodsOne hundred nine subjects with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 were studied. Participants underwent a dietary intervention that consisted of 30% fat (saturated fat <7% of total calories), 15% protein, and 55% carbohydrates. The FABP2 genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. Anthropometric and biochemical data were measured at baseline, 1 mo, and 2 mo of nutritional intervention. ResultsThe mean age was 38.6 ± 11.3 y and the mean body mass index 32.7 ± 6.1 kg/m2, with 20 men (18%) and 89 women (82%). Fifty-three patients (48.6%) had genotype Ala54Ala (wild-type group) and 56 patients had genotype Ala54Thr/Thr54Thr (51.4%, mutant group). At baseline, no significant difference was found between the FABP2 genotypes groups, except for the carbohydrate intake and resting metabolic rate, which were higher in the Ala54Thr/Thr54Thr group (P < 0.05). At 2 mo, participants had lost 6.8% of their initial weight. The Ala54Thr/Thr54Thr group compared with the Ala54Ala group showed significant decreases in the parameters of weight (−7.5 versus −4.2 kg), body mass index (−2.1 versus −1.2 kg/m2), waist circumference (−7.6 versus −5.2 cm), waist-to-hip ratio (−0.04 versus −0.02), and C-reactive protein (−1.4 versus −0.76 mg/L), respectively (P < 0.05). After the resting metabolic rate was adjusted, the decreases in waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and C-reactive protein remained significant between the two groups. ConclusionsThis study showed that the Thr54 allele carriers responded better to a moderate-fat diet.

A high-fat diet and the threonine-encoding allele (Thr54) polymorphism of fatty acid–binding protein 2 reduce plasma triglyceride–rich lipoproteins

The threonine-encoding allele (Thr54) of the fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) DNA polymorphism is associated with increased triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRL). We hypothesized that the TRL response to diets of varied fat content is affected by the FABP2 A54T polymorphism, specifically that a high-fat diet would reduce TRL and that the Thr54 allele would have an enhanced response. Sixteen healthy, postmenopausal women completed a crossover dietary intervention that included three 8-week, isoenergetic diet treatments. The treatments consisted of high fat (40% of energy as fat), low fat (20% of energy), and low fat + n-3 fatty acids (20% of energy plus 3% as n-3 fatty acids). Eight subjects were homozygous for the wild type (Ala54/Ala54) of the FABP2 polymorphism, whereas 8 subjects had at least 1 Thr54 allele (7, Ala54/Thr54; 1, Thr54/Thr54). High-fat diet showed significantly reduced plasma TGs, chylomicron TG, and very low-density lipoprotein TG from baseline in all participants. Although carriers of the Thr54 allele of the FABP2 polymorphism had significantly reduced TRL, there is no evidence of an interaction, which does not support our hypothesis. The alanine-encoding allele did not influence the dietary effects on the plasma lipids.

Trans fatty acids, insulin resistance and diabetes

The possible relationship between consumption of trans fatty acids (TFAs) and risk of insulin resistance or development of diabetes mellitus type II has been considered by a number of human and animal studies over the past decade. This review evaluates the evidence, and concludes that there is limited evidence for a weak association at high TFA intakes, but very little convincing evidence that habitual exposure as part of a standard western diet has a significant contribution to risk of diabetes or insulin resistance. The possibility of increased risk for individuals with particular genotypes (such as the FABP2 Thr54 allele) is of interest, but further work would be required to provide sufficient evidence of any association.

Association of the fatty acid‐binding protein 2 gene Ala54Thr polymorphism with insulin resistance and blood glucose: a meta‐analysis in 13451 subjects

The results from the published studies on the association of fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) Ala54Thr polymorphism with insulin resistance and blood glucose are conflicting. In this meta-analysis, we investigated the association of the FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism with insulin resistance and blood glucose. We collected data on fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin, 2-h blood glucose (2-h BG) and 2-h insulin (2-h insulin), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index. A dominant model was used for this meta-analysis. Thirty-one studies with 13 451 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The carriers of Thr54 allele have significantly higher homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index and marginally higher fasting insulin than the non-carriers: standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.07, 95% confidence interval (CI, 0.02, 0.12), p = 0.007, p(heterogeneity) = 0.19 and SMD = 0.08, 95% CI (-0.01, 0.17), p = 0.07, p(heterogeneity) < 0.00001, respectively. A borderline significant association between the FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism and an increased 2-h BG was also detected under the dominant model: SMD = 0.10, 95% CI (0.00, 0.20), p = 0.05, p(heterogeneity) = 0.09. In addition, a borderline association between this polymorphism and an increased fasting blood glucose in populations of other ethnic origins was detected under the dominant model: SMD = 0.11, 95% CI (-0.00, 0.23), p = 0.06, p(heterogeneity) = 0.03. Our meta-analysis suggests that the Thr54 allele of the FABP2 Ala54Thr is weakly associated with a higher degree of insulin resistance, higher level of fasting insulin and higher level of 2-h BG. Our meta-analysis also suggests a weak association between this polymorphism and an increased fasting blood glucose in populations of other ethnic origins under the dominant model.

Ala54Thr polymorphism of fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene and fasting blood lipids: A meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe results from the published studies on the association of fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) Ala54Thr polymorphism with dyslipidemia are conflicting and inconclusive. In this meta-analysis encompassing all the relevant studies, we aimed to investigate the association of the FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism with fasting blood lipids. MethodsWe limited our analysis to the following four blood lipid parameters: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Subjects were confined to adults who were at least 18 years old. A dominant model was used for this meta-analysis. Results30 studies with 14,401 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that the carriers of Thr54 allele have higher blood TC and LDL-C than the non-carriers: standardized mean difference (SMD)=0.07, 95% CI (confidence interval, 0.02, 0.11), P=0.005, Pheterogeneity=0.12, and SMD=0.09, 95% CI (0.03, 0.15), P=0.002, Pheterogeneity=0.0006, respectively. Significant association between the Ala54Thr polymorphism and lower blood HDL-C was also detected under the dominant models: SMD=−0.05, 95% CI (−0.09, −0.00), P=0.04, Pheterogeneity=0.10. ConclusionsOur meta-analysis supports the strong association between the Thr54 allele of the FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism with higher levels of TC and LDL-C, and lower levels of HDL-C.

Ala54Thr polymorphism of the fatty acid binding protein 2 gene and saturated fat intake in relation to lipid levels and insulin resistance: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study

The Thr54 allele of the intestinal fatty acid–binding protein Ala54Thr functional polymorphism (FABP2) is associated with increased fat oxidation and insulin resistance. We determined the cross-sectional associations of the FABP2 gene with lipid levels and insulin resistance in 2148 participants who completed the year-20 examination of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. No significant difference in total cholesterol, low-density or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol ratio, or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was found between FABP2 genotypes. However, in the presence of a high–saturated fat diet (≥53.2 g/d, the 90th percentile for the population), the AA/AG genotypes (carriers of the Thr54 allele) of FABP2 had statistically significantly higher levels of log(HOMA-IR) (P = .006) and a lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol ratio (P = .03), and borderline statistically significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and log(triglycerides) (P values = .08, .07, and .05, respectively) compared with those with the GG genotype (Ala54 homozygotes). Lipid levels and log(HOMA-IR) did not vary by genotype with saturated fat intake less than 53.2 g/d. Limiting dietary saturated fat intake may be particularly important among carriers of the A allele of FABP2.

Ala54Thr Polymorphism of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 2, Role on Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Presurgical Morbid Obesity Patients

A transition G to A at codon 54 of fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) results in an amino acid substitution (ala 54 to Thr 54). This polymorphism was associated with insulin resistance in some populations. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Thr54 polymorphism in the FABP2 gene on obesity anthropometric parameters, cardiovascular risk factors, and adipocytokines in patients with presurgical morbid obesity. A population of 55 morbid obese patients was enrolled. An indirect calorimetry, tetrapolar electrical bioimpedance, blood pressure, a serial assessment of nutritional intake with 3 days of written food records, and biochemical analysis (lipid profile, adipocytokines, insulin, C-reactive protein, and lipoprotein-a) were performed. The statistical analysis was performed for the combined Ala54/Thr54 and Thr54/Thr54 as a mutant-type group and wild-type group (Ala54/Ala54). Twenty nine (52.7%) had the genotype Ala54/Ala54 (wild-type group) and 26 (47.3%) patients had the genotype Ala54/Thr54 (24 patients, 43.7%) or Thr54/Thr54 (two patients, 3.6%; mutant-type group). Insulin (22.4 +/- 16.8 vs. 26.1 +/- 17.1 mg/dl; p = 0.04) and homeostasis model assessment (6.1 +/- 2.1 vs. 6.7 +/- 4.5; p = 0.04) levels were higher in mutant-type group than wild-type group. In mutant-type group, leptin levels (134.8 +/- 83 vs. 206.5 +/- 76 ng/ml; p = 0.03) were higher than wild-type group. Moreover, adiponectin levels (80.9 +/- 39.6 vs. 23.9 +/- 13.8 ng/ml; p = 0.02) were higher in wild-type group than mutant-type group. The novel finding of this study is the association of Thr54 allele with insulin resistance, leptin, and adiponectin levels in morbidly obese patients.

Thr54 allele of fatty-acid binding protein 2 gene is associated with obesity but not type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Caucasian population

Aim The fatty acid-binding protein 2 ( FABP2) A54T polymorphism has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity in many but not all studies. Our aim was to investigate possible associations of FABP2 A54T polymorphism with T2DM and/or obesity in a Greek Caucasian population. Methods 242 subjects with T2DM and 188 control subjects were genotyped for the FABP2 A54T polymorphism using PCR-RFLP method. Of the total subjects included in both groups, 172 were classified as obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2) and 258 were classified as nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m 2). Results In the whole population, 218 subjects (50.7%) were genotyped as AA, 175 subjects (40.7%) as AT, and 37 subjects (8.6%) as TT for the FABP2 A54T polymorphism. According to the dominant model, the frequency of AA genotype was significantly lower in obese than in nonobese subjects (43.0% vs 55.8%, p = 0.009). No significant difference was observed in genotypes between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. According to the additive model, the presence of TT genotype was significantly associated with obesity after adjusting for age, sex, and the presence of T2DM (OR 2.32, p = 0.028). Conclusion FABP2 A54T polymorphism may help identify Caucasian subjects at risk for obesity.