Way Of Thinking Research Articles

Use of arthroscopy in management of tibial plateau fractures

Introduction Tibial plateau fractures are periarticular injuries of the proximal tibia often associated with soft tissue injury. They account for 1-2% of all fractures. Their impact on the articular surfaces and the development of osteoarthritis make them an interesting research topic in the orthopaedic field. With the development of arthroscopic treatment methods, many are thinking of ways to incorporate less invasive methods in the reduction and fixation of these injuries. Review methods English-language scientific literature found in PubMed and Google Scholar was used for the review. Articles were searched based on keywords. Each article was analyzed for knowledge currency and relevance for use in the review. Description of the State of Knowledge After searching the articles, 35 articles were selected for final analysis. The collected data provided the latest information on treatment of tibial plateau fractures (TPF) using arthroscopic tools with studies diving deep into both the technique and longer-term results. Summary The use of arthroscopy in treatment of tibial plateau fractures grows year by year with more and more clinicians being interested in limiting the soft tissue damage and other adverse effects of ORIF Keywords: Schatzker, arthroscopy, tibial plateau fracture

Gender and Sport.

Sport faces many challenges in creating fair, interesting, and meaningful competitions that highlight and reward the qualities widely valued in sport, such as natural talents, dedication, and competitive savvy. The Paralympic Games illuminate both the challenge and a thoughtful way of responding by organizing events that group athletes with comparable levels of impairment so that raw physical discrepancies don't overwhelm differences in talent or dedication. It may be helpful to reflect on how gender is used in decisions about who competes against whom. Gender has long served as a rough proxy for differences in size and strength. For sports where size and strength matter, those are the dimensions along which competitors should be matched, not their gender identity. In that sense, gender is incidental to fair competition in sport. Because playing sports is good for people in so many ways, we should provide abundant opportunities that are widely available and enjoyable for all people.

The Oil and Gas Industry in the Second Republic of Poland

The article reviews the most important statistical publications on the oil and gas industry in the Second Republic of Poland. The recommended sources allow an in-depth study of the development of this industry, the volume of oil and gas production and the scale of production of oil and gas derivatives. The article also discusses the personnel working in the energy industry, consumption and prices of oil and gas, investment works, etc. This warrants further and expanded research on the impact of the oil and gas sector on the overall socio-economic relations in the Second Republic of Poland. Furthermore, the essay offers an in-depth analysis of the diplomatic and economic relations of interwar Poland with other countries who were its trade partners. If we wish to refer to this heritage in a thoughtful way and draw on it for knowledge and experience, we need to understand it better.

The presence of personality traits of borderline personality disorder in anorexia nervosa and obesity

IntroductionWhile in eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, the comorbidity of pathological personality traits is very common, and accordingly the personality traits of borderline personality disorder is considered very frequent and coexisting. The treatment of anorexia nervosa is based primarily on the psychotherapy and work on pathological personality traits even more than the treatment of the syndrome and the consequences of malnutrition itself. That achieves a longer-term and more reliable solution than symptomatic treatment of anorexia nervosa which usually does not bring satisfactory results. On the other hand, in patients with obesity, pathological personality traits, especially those of borderline personality disorder, are still very rarely associated, since obesity is usually not even considered a disorder, but a variation in the population.ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to investigate the pathological personality traits of borderline personality disorder in people with obesity.Methods Investigating relevant scientific and professional literature from the field of personality pathology and eating disorders.ResultsWhen obesity is related to impulse control disorder in the sense of emotional eating under increased stress according to today’s relevant literature, it can definitely be related to personality traits of borderline personality disorder, i.e. the presence of elements of borderline personality organization and prementalization models. Such an inability to deal with negative emotions such as increased anxiety or rejection sensitivity, which results in overeating and the related feeling of shame that overwhelms the person, regardless of whether he/she/they has any of the certain forms of compulsive behaviour afterwards, can be related to impulsive behaviour and the “all or nothing” way of thoughts. This is also confirmed by cases when certain people have a history of both one and the other disorder. Thus, some people have, for example, malnutrition in adolescence as part of anorexia nervosa, only to have problems with obesity after some time with a healthy body mass.ConclusionsSince pathological personality traits in people with anorexia nervosa and obesity give indications of common characteristics in the form of borderline personality disorder traits, i.e. borderline personality organization and prementalization models in both disorders, future research will certainly shed light on the connection between these eating disorders.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Education and Communication in Emerson’s American Scholar

Education is the transmission of knowledge, skills and attribute comes in many structure. Traditional education happens in a multiplex institutional foundation, like communal schools. Non-formal education is also organized but takes place outside the fixed schooling system, while informal education is unstructured learning through daily experiences. Formal and non-formal education is divided into levels that include early childhood education, beginner, higher and advanced education. Other categorization attention on the teaching method, like teacher-centered and student-centered education, and on the subject, like science, language and physical education. The term “education” can also refer to the mental states and standard of educated people and the scholarly field scrutinize education phenomena. Communication is a process that involves sending and get messages through oral and non-oral methods it is used to convey our information in the way of thoughts, opinions and ideas. Communication used to exchange our ideas, facts, feelings or impressions to others. Communication is an thrilling and truly challenging field of human interaction. Communication skills, a fascinating study, which are completely neglected in formal education. Communication can be a fun as we are interacting with others by exchanging emotions, opinions etc. Fast changes in the society demand that people be proficient in all segment s of communication. The body of knowledge of communication in all segments is just as essential as developing skills in any other disciplines.

Poems of the (un)conscious: a narrative approach to dream analysis

ABSTRACT As a narrative therapist with an interest in psychoanalytic dream analysis, I have troubled myself for quite some time thinking of ways that dream-work can be introduced to my practice through the erudition of the narrative metaphor. However, in implying that the primary constituents of our thoughts and behaviours are not available to our conscious recollection and that they require an ‘expert’ to decipher their meanings, the psychoanalytic metaphor of the ‘unconscious’ and it’s corresponding treatment of the dream poses particular challenges to the de-centered posture of the narrative therapist. In this piece I thereby recruit Derrida’s ideas of the ‘poem’ and his treatment of the ‘unconscious’ to theorize a post-structuralist approach to dream work that can harmonize with the ethics of narrative practice. Becoming of this exploration is a ‘map’ of dream analysis that supports therapists to approach dream life from the position of the bricoleur: a posture that values clients as the author of the dreams possibilities.

In Memory of Dr. David Belanger

Sadly, our dear colleague, Dr. David Belanger, passed away in November last year. David was a founding member of the New Jersey Big Data Alliance (NJBDA)—an alliance of New Jersey academic institutions and corporations that aims to promote Big Data education and research in New Jersey, the parent organization of this journal. “Through the last decade, as our organization grew and expanded its programs, he provided brilliant insight and guidance on our direction, offering suggestions in his thoughtful way and always ready to collaborate. David will be greatly missed,” said Margaret Brennan-Tonetta, NJBDA’s past president and co-founder. At NJBDA, he was most recently Vice President of the Entrepreneurship Committee. David was an internationally known authority on Big Data and data governance. We at NJBDA and JBDAI will continue to remember David as a gentle scholar who cared for people. A colleague fittingly remembered David as being “the kindest scientist of our time.”

Service-Learning as the Violence of Mercy after the 2010 Haitian Earthquake

This article draws on La Paperson’s (2010) notion of the “violence of mercy” to demonstrate how the service-learning response to the 2010 Haitian earthquake fits into an ongoing neocolonial mission that harms communities served (p. 25). This is done by investigating the best practices of the Haiti Compact, a cohort of American colleges and universities operating service-learning initiatives in Haiti after the earthquake in thoughtful ways intending to help with the recovery efforts while meaningfully contributing service via the ritual presence of international volunteers. Despite good intentions, their material practices of service-learning risk harm for community partners and fail to meet established best practice goals. By examining the work of service-learning educators who commit to best practices, place ethics, community, and social justice, we can understand the limits of possibility for a pedagogy that is predicated upon students entering communities as outsiders intent upon meeting community needs.

Analysis of the Clever Hans effect in COVID-19 detection using Chest X-Ray images and Bayesian Deep Learning

In recent months, the detection of COVID-19 from radiological images has become a topic of significant interest. Several works have proposed different AI models to demonstrate the feasibility of the application. However, the literature has also reported unwanted behaviours, spurious correlations, and biases of the developed systems that significantly limit their translation to the clinic. This paper deals with a set of interpretability techniques to analyse spurious correlations during the inference, the consistency of the decisions, and the uncertainty of the models, and evaluate the model’s performance in a broader and thoughtful way, especially regarding biasing effects, aiming to provide new methodological cues that can increase the systems’ robustness. Two different off-the-shelf convolutional neural networks (DenseNet-121 and EfficientNet-B6) were tested along with their Bayesian counterparts. Different saliency maps are used to evaluate the effects of artifacts and confounding factors, and, taking advantage of uncertainty estimations, a new version of the importance of context measure was proposed, to provide more evidence of the spurious correlation affecting models’ performance. In view of the results, DenseNet is preferred in both its standard and Bayesian versions, reaching BAcc over 97% training with a large data set (more than 70,000 images). However, results demonstrate that models are significantly affected by the biasing effects, which is minimised by pre-processing with a semantic segmentation of the lungs to guide the learning process towards areas with causal relationships with the problem under study. The conclusions could be extrapolated to the general context of pneumonia detection from chest RX.

Developing a training program to enhance conservation awareness and attitudes among Thai hotel cooks: A comparative study

Thai cuisine, a reflection of the nation's cultural identity, has evolved over time and embodies the way of life, thoughts, and mindset of the Thai people. This study aims to develop a training program designed to heighten participants' understanding of conservation issues and assess changes in their conservation attitudes pre and post-training. The research, conducted among 354 Thai hotel cooks, reveals a fundamental challenge in Thai food preparation: the lack of standardized conservation and marketing practices. This encompasses basic culinary skills and regional cooking variations. Culinary schools often emphasize their own culinary philosophies, further exacerbating the issue. Results from the training program indicate that business owners significantly improved their cooking practices, adhered to the National Standard for Thai food sanitation, catered to dietary needs, and embraced authentic Thai cuisine. The Delphi method facilitated consensus on the appropriateness of the training program, and 100 participants reported enhanced project management skills and culinary expertise. The participants expressed satisfaction with the trainers' expertise and communication skills. This research has implications for training programs aimed at promoting awareness of traditional conservation issues and fostering conservation attitudes in the context of Thai food preparation.

Household food waste generation during COVID-19 pandemic and unprecedented economic crisis: The case of Lebanon

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has interrupted economies and food systems globally, leading to substantial consequences on food waste, which is also influenced by political and economic factors. To date, information on the attitudes and behaviors of households regarding food waste generation in developing countries like Lebanon, witnessing a multifaceted economic and COVID-19 crisis, is scarce. Previous studies reported that around one third of the food produced in Lebanon gets lost or wasted. This study aims to update the attitudes and behaviors determining household food waste in Lebanon in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and unprecedented economic crisis. MethodsParticipants (n = 1251) from the five governorates of the country filled out a structured questionnaire composed of 3 sections and 31 questions. The variable “eat everything prepared” was used as a proxy for food waste. The effects of different socio-behavioral and demographic characteristics on household food waste generation in the country were estimated using a Logistic regression on STATA. ResultsMost participants (69%) reported that the economic crisis had a greater impact on their food shopping and eating behaviors compared to the COVID-19 pandemic. In comparison, 65% reported that their household food waste generation did not change because of the COVID-19 pandemic, and 47% reported that their household food waste generation decreased because of the economic crisis. Employment status, income, educational level, and the number of householders did not affect food waste generation. Feelings of guilt, thinking of ways to use leftovers, and frequent preparation of more dishes were negatively associated with food waste generation while eating out and buying special offers showed the opposite effect. ConclusionOur findings provide a better understanding of more effective community-based food waste-related interventions in Lebanon. Future research is still needed to explain the medium and long-term effects of COVID-19 and the economic crisis on food waste-related behaviors in the country since the behavioral changes uncovered in the current study might be temporary during the pandemic and the economic crisis and not permanent. This issue should be verified in the future using longitudinal surveys.

STYLISTIC USE OF ANTONYMS IN HAMO SAHYAN’S POEMS

Within the framework of the article, the stylistic expressive possibilities of antonyms become the object of study, based on the examples taken from Hamo Sahyan’s poems. As noted by Professor S. Melkonyan, for the definition of stylistic patterns and rules, examples and their variety are of particular importance. Rich examples of interesting expressions of stylistic features of semantic groups (synonyms,antonyms, homophones, homographs) can be found in Hamo Sahyan’s poems. The purpose of the article is to study antonyms as a type of semantic group, to study their use in Sahyan’s fiction speech as a way of expressing poetic emotions, feelings and thoughts. Antonyms are words and expressions which have opposite meaning, and found together in the same corresponding segment of speech are endowed with expressive meaning and emotional nuances. Examples selected from Hamo Sahyan's creative heritage are rich material for studying the stylistic meanings of antonyms. The main and important stylistic value of antonyms is that due to their use contrast is created in speech. The oxymoron is not the result of ordinary contrasts. It is a phrase, the components of which express opposite, often mutually exclusive and incompatible features. An oxymoron differs from a contradiction. The connection of the components of the latter is free and can have different expressions. Linguistic and verbal (contextual) antonyms have different stylistic values.

Ways of thinking siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah pola bilangan non rutin: Suatu penelitian fenomenologi hermeneutik

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating and exploring students' ways of thinking (WoT) in solving non-routine number pattern problems. This study used a qualitative method with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach with grade 8 students at a junior high school in Banda Aceh. To achieve the research objectives, data collection was carried out using a written test instrument with a number pattern on a 4-digit palindrome, structured documentation, and clinical interviews. The results of the study show that students' WoT in solving non-routine number pattern problems is that there are four approaches used in solving non-routine problems, namely: first, determining the special case; second, determining the pattern; third, using a mathematical model; and fourth, using a similar problem. The subject of critical reflection uses the three WoTs above except for using similar problems. The subject of explicit reflection uses the three approaches above except for using a mathematical model. While Subjects who cannot solve the problem only use the strategy of identifying special cases. Another finding is that the subject of critical reflection tends to use different strategies from those given by the teacher, is unique, and gives reasons for algebraic forms. In contrast, explicit reflection subjects tend to be less flexible in using strategies and tend to use inductive or arithmetic reasons. To support students in their ability to pattern and think algebraically, teachers must accustom students to solving non-routine mathematical problems in various contexts of learning by using number patterns.

The limits of generality for constitutional design

AbstractJames Buchanan was a fervent advocate of a non-discriminatory politics. However, he translated his views on constitutional political economy into (de jure) constitutional design in an insufficiently thoughtful way. Simply writing non-discriminatory politics into a Constitution is unlikely to have the desired effect. All Constitutional language is open to interpretation and political entrepreneurs will be ready to push interpretation in their favoured directions. The history of US Constitutional law bears this out. This does not necessarily discount Buchanan's quest for constitutionalized non-discriminatory politics. However, it does mean that it must be tempered by realistic concerns regarding constitutional design. With this in mind, I suggest that focusing on procedural, rather than substantive, Constitutional provisions may be more fruitful.

Thinking beyond 'outbreak': The contentious politics of the science of early warning and overdose epidemic.

This Commentary on the article, "Early warnings and slow deaths: A sociology of outbreak and overdose" by Tim Rhodes and Kari Lancaster, reflects upon rapid response reflexes invoked in societal responses to 'emergency,' 'epidemic,' 'crisis,' and disasters, all of which require immediate action with no time to think. Epidemiology has given us machines for producing 'fact' about the 'opioid overdose epidemic' that promote the forgetting of the ways in which apparatuses of social control enact the production of facticity. While facts are supposed to be epistemologically reliable and worthy, the work of Rhodes and Lancaster invites us to de-subscribe to these beliefs and re-member our way towards developing slower, more thorough, and more thoughtful ways of seeing a wider array of "indicators, signals, evidence, and narratives of an ecological kind" (Rhodes and Lancaster 2023; this issue). This Commentary focuses on the practices of 'early warning' in social, political, and economic context.

Reconnecting with the Urban Vernacular through Post-New Order Visual Art

Abstract Indonesia’s urbanization and economic development projects during the New Order established regimes of visuality that ignored aspects of everyday urban life. Contemporary Indonesian artists attempt to share untold histories and stories of everyday life from the urban past or give expression to the social and creative challenges and opportunities of the urban present. This article focuses on multimedia artist Maryanto and new media art collective Ruang MES 56. Maryanto’s use of allegory and his notion of art as a ‘space of exception’ constitute thoughtful ways of engaging with the transformations of people’s urban environments and identities. MES 56’s work utilizes the critical and humorous potential of the ludic to deal with the new urban realities and possibilities under democratic reform. I argue that artistic exception does not exclude but in some ways strengthens, and in other ways contradicts, reconnection with the everyday realities of Indonesian urban life.

Meaningful engagement through critical reflexivity: Engaging people with lived experience in continuing mental health professional development.

Engaging people with lived experience of mental health system encounters in the design and actualization of continuing professional development initiatives for mental health professionals can have transformative systemic impacts. Yet, despite evidence that involving people with lived experience benefits mental health professional education, far less focus has been placed on how to engage people with lived experience in continuing professional development initiatives. Tensions persist regarding the role of lived experience perspectives in continuing professional development, as well as how to establish people with lived experience as partners, educators and leaders in a thoughtful way. We propose that meaningful and equitable partnerships with people with lived experience can be realized by engaging in critical reflexivity and by systematically challenging assumptions. This paper explores three topics: (1) the current state of engagement with people with lived experience in continuing professional development initiatives; (2) barriers to meaningful engagement and (3) recommendations for using critical reflexivity to support the involvement and leadership of people with lived experience in continuing professional development for mental health professionals. PATIENT OR PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT: This viewpoint manuscript was co-designed and co-written by people with diverse lived and learned experiences. Each author's professional roles involve meaningfully and equitably partnering with and centring the perspectives of those with lived experience of mental health system encounters. In addition, approximately half of the authorship team identifies as having lived experience of accessing the psychiatric system and/or supporting family members who are navigating challenges related to mental health. These lived and learned experiences informed the conception and writing of this article.

Ethical Procedures in Scientific Research

This work has as its theme the ethical procedures of research and aims to provide a framework of practical guidelines to ensure the protection of all actors involved in the development of scientific knowledge, particularly at the stage of research design and project.
 This is a theoretical reflection on the ethical dimension of data collection practices and the limits that the researcher should consciously attend to in the scientific research process. For this reflection, I carried out a literature review and a document analysis of several legal documents, highlighting the European directive on data protection. This led to several questions, namely: what documents should be ensured in the research project design process? What is the scope of informed consent and how can anonymity and confidentiality of data be preserved? These and other questions are answered in a thoughtful way for those who understand that there is no science without ethics, nor ethics without conscience.
 Here the hermeneutic method is the natural choice because it allows the interpretation of questions related to values and principles that must be contextualized. This interpretative analysis requires asking questions related to duty, but also to the norm or law. With this questioning it is hoped that the reader will understand in a systematized way the ethical procedures of research and will be able to draw on a documentary listing of the ethical point of view that will protect the informants, but also the researcher himself and affiliating institutions or participants.

Editorial Presentation: Critical perspectives in social innovation, social enterprise and/or the social solidarity economy

Editorial Presentation: Critical perspectives in social innovation, social enterprise and/or the social solidarity economy

Pandian Pickles: value or volume?

Research methodology This study adopted interview methods and field visits to collect the data. An audio recording was done for the whole interview and presented as facts in this case. Field visits were done to see the packs and understand the consumers and their purchase habits of pickles. Case overview/synopsis Pandian Pickles is a pickle manufacturer located in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, a state in the southern part of India. Mr Kandasamy, one of the partner of the Pandian pickle, had been thinking of ways to grow the business. Pandian Pickles dominated the low-price unit (LPU) market with a unique packing of pickles done in “arecanut” leaf. This added a unique flavour to their pickles. Mr Kandasamy envisioned to grow the business by introducing higher stock-keeping units in the form of jars and tap the middle class and the upper-middle-class segments in the market. In this category, there were much more prominent and branded players. Being a small regional player, Govindan wondered how Pandian Pickles would take these more prominent players in the industry head-on. Complexity academic level The case is ideally suited for discussing the concept of product line stretching, particularly in the product mix strategies of a small and medium enterprise (SME). The case can best fit into the courses such as Entrepreneurship Development, Product and Brand Management, Marketing Management for the Undergraduate levels and in the courses such as Strategic Marketing, Bottom of the Pyramid Markets and Strategies Management of SMEs in the postgraduate levels.