Thompson Seedless Research Articles

Efficacy of Ascophyllum nodosum Seaweed Extracts on Growth, Yield and Quality Parameters in Thompson Seedless Grapes

The experiment was conducted on Thompson Seedless grafted on Dogridge rootstock planted at ICAR- National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune during the year 2021-2022. The experiments was carried out in completely randomized block design. Standard cultural practices were followed during the experimentation. The A. nodosum was applied with different concentration varies from 0.25 kg/ha to 1.25 kg/ ha at 4-6 inch cane growth, 8-14 inch cane growth (14 days after 1st spray), 10 days after fruit set, 2 weeks after 3rd spray, 2 weeks after 4th spray and Version Stage. The result obtained from this study showed that the chlorophyll content index (44.30 µmol/m²), leaf area index (1.88 cm2), bunch weight (216.16 g), berry diameter (14.83 mm), berry length (19.81 mm), yield/ha (16.86 ton), TSS (21.050 Brix) and Acidity (0.66%) were recorded higher in treatment treated with A.nodosum @ 0.75kg/ha. From this study, it is concluded that foliar application of A. nodosum @ 0.75 kg/ha recorded higher chlorophyll content in leaf and chlorophyll content index also helpful for improving and increasing yield and quality parameters in Grapes.

Impact of Preharvest Foliar Application of Calcium Ascorbate on Quality, Health Promoting Phytochemicals and Postharvest Life of Thompson Seedless Table Grape

Impact of Preharvest Foliar Application of Calcium Ascorbate on Quality, Health Promoting Phytochemicals and Postharvest Life of Thompson Seedless Table Grape

The correlation between embryo rescue and hormonal changes in seedless grapes.

After normal pollination and fertilization of pseudoparthenocarpic seedless grapes, their embryos often stop developing due to certain developmental factors, resulting in embryo abortion. Hybrid breeding using seedless grapes as the maternal parent requires embryo rescue breeding technology. This technology plays a crucial role in seedless grape breeding. Although previous studies have extensively explored this technology, knowledge regarding its impact on embryo abortion and the effectiveness of rescue techniques remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between embryo rescue and hormonal changes in seedless grapes. Four Eurasian seedless grape cultivars, "Thompson Seedless," "Flame Seedless," "Heshi Seedless," and "Ruby Seedless," were selected for examination. We investigated endogenous hormone levels, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and abscisic acid (ABA), in both berries and in vitro ovules during the most suitable embryo rescue time for these cultivars. Based on the observed fluctuations in endogenous hormone levels and previous research findings, appropriate doses of exogenous hormones, such as IAA, GA3, and ABA, were applied during seedless grape embryo rescue. The results indicated significant differences in endogenous hormone levels between berries with varying ovule counts of the same cultivar and ovules cultured in vitro, suggesting a hormonal influence on ovule abortion and embryo development in seedless grapes. Further research has identified effective ratios of exogenous hormones: 30 mg·L-1 IAA + 30 mg·L-1 ABA for berry ovule development, 1.0 mg·L-1 IAA + 2.0mg·L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) + 1.0 mg·L-1 GA3 + 1.0 mg·L-1 ABA for in vitro ovule development, and 1.0 mg·L-1 IAA + 2.0 mg·L-1 6-BA + 1.0 mg·L-1 GA3 for embryo germination and seedling formation. In summary, hormonal changes significantly influence ovule and embryo development and are closely related to seedless grape embryo rescue breeding. This study deepened our understanding of the correlation between seedless grape embryo rescue and hormonal changes. It also resulted in the successful production of a batch of embryo rescue seedlings, further improving embryo rescue breeding technology and providing new germplasm materials for developing new seedless grape cultivars.

Negative Regulatory Role of Non-Coding RNA Vvi-miR3633a in Grapevine Leaves and Callus under Heat Stress

The grapevine, a globally significant fruit and an essential fruit tree species in China, is vulnerable to the adverse effects of high temperatures. Understanding the roles of microRNA and transcription factors in plant development and stress resistance is crucial for mitigating the impact of high temperature on grape growth and yield. This study investigates the response of miRNA to high-temperature stress in grape leaves. The expression level of Vvi-miR3633a was found to be inhibited under heat treatment in both Thompson seedless and Shen yue varieties, while its potential target genes (Vv-Atg36 and Vv-GA3ox2) were induced. Through transgenic overexpression experiments, it was demonstrated that Vvi-miR3633a plays a role in thermal response by affecting the expression of target genes. Furthermore, under heat stress conditions, overexpression of Vvi-miR3633a in grape callus decreased heat resistance compared to the control group (CK). The study also revealed that the target genes of Vvi-miR3633a regulate the expression of oxidase synthesis genes VvSOD and VvCAT, leading to reduced oxidase synthesis which may compromise the oxidation system. Additionally, the expression level of heat shock proteins in the transgenic lines was changed compared to the control (CK). Overall, this research provides valuable insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in different crossing/breeding programs to produce heat-resistant grape varieties. Such varieties can be appropriate to propagate in warm climate areas with high temperature conditions.

WITHDRAWN: Grape defense against gray mold involves VvBZR1-mediated autophagy

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of polyhydroxylated steroidal phytohormones that effectively affect the disease resistance in grape. However, the molecular mechanism of BR signaling networks responsible for activation of host defense against gray mold infection remained to be elucidated. The induced resistance mechanism of eBR treatment on table grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Thompson Seedless) was conducted by an artificial inoculation trial. Grape berries were soaked in 0.5 mg L-1 24-epibrassinolide solution, and Botrytis cinerea suspension was injected after 6 hours. We reported a novel defense mechanism that BR-regulated autophagy in grape berry against B. cinerea. Exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolide (eBR) enhanced the grape disease resistance. The eBR-treated berries activated an oxidation-reduction (redox), polyamines metabolism, and autophagy during Botrytis infection. Transcript of BR signaling pathway genes were up-regulated within 12 h. In addition, transcriptome analysis in EBR-treated grapes infected with gray mold showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in the metabolic pathway of BR signaling pathway and autophagy. Meanwhile, the endogenous BR, SA and JA accumulated transiently. Overexpressing and silencing VvBZR1 in grape significantly affected oxidation, autophagy, and defense response. DNA affinity purification sequencing (Dap-seq), Yeast one-hybrid assay (Y1H) and dual luciferase assays (LUC) verified VvBZR1 transcriptionally regulated the autophagy related gene VvATG18a. Overexpressing VvATG18a improved the resistance of grapes to gray mold. Overall, this study sheds light on the immune mechanisms underlying the involvement of the BR signal transduction pathway in grape innate immunity, highlighting the pivotal role of VvBZR1-mediated autophagy in enhancing disease resistance.

Study on the effect of pre harvest sprays of calcium chloride and organic acids on yield and shelf life of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. thompson seedless

Study on the effect of pre harvest sprays of calcium chloride and organic acids on yield and shelf life of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. thompson seedless

Visual observation of polystyrene nano-plastics in grape seedlings of Thompson Seedless and assessing their effects via transcriptomics and metabolomics

Micro/nano-plastics (MNPs) are emerging non-point source pollutants that have garnered increasing attention owing to their threat to ecosystems. Studies on the effects of MNPs on horticultural crops are scarce. Specifically, whether MNPs can be absorbed and transported by grapevines have not been reported. To fill this gap, we added polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 100 nm) to a hydroponic environment and observed their distribution in grape seedlings of Thompson Seedless (TS, Vitis vinifera L.). After 15 d of exposure, plastic nanospheres were detected on the cell walls of the roots, stems, and leaves using confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This indicated that PS-NPs can also be absorbed by the root system through the epidermis-cortex interface in grapevines and transported upward along the xylem conduit. Furthermore, we analyzed the molecular response mechanisms of TS grapes to the PS-NPs. Through the measurement of relevant indicators and combined omics analysis, we found that plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and MAPK signaling pathway biosynthesis played crucial roles in its response to PS-NPs. The results not only revealed the potential risk of MNPs being absorbed by grapevines and eventually entering the food chain but also provided valuable scientific evidence and data for the assessment of plant health and ecological risk.

Employing Leaf Removal and Spraying Gibberellic Acid (GA3) to Reduce Cluster Compactness Coefficient and Enhance Chemical and Physical Properties of Thompson seedless H4 Grapevines.

Employing Leaf Removal and Spraying Gibberellic Acid (GA3) to Reduce Cluster Compactness Coefficient and Enhance Chemical and Physical Properties of Thompson seedless H4 Grapevines.

Integrative genomics reveals the polygenic basis of seedlessness in grapevine

Seedlessness is a crucial quality trait in table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) breeding. However, the development of seeds involved intricate regulations, and the polygenic basis of seed abortion remains unclear. Here, we combine comparative genomics, population genetics, quantitative genetics, and integrative genomics to unravel the evolution and polygenic basis of seedlessness in grapes. We generated the haplotype-resolved genomes for two seedless grape cultivars, "Thompson Seedless" (TS, syn. "Sultania") and "Black Monukka" (BM). Comparative genomics identified a ∼4.25 Mb hemizygous inversion on Chr10 specific in seedless cultivars, with seedless-associated genes VvTT16 and VvSUS2 located at breakpoints. Population genomic analyses of 548 grapevine accessions revealed two distinct clusters of seedless cultivars, and the identity-by-descent (IBD) results indicated that the origin of the seedlessness trait could be traced back to "Sultania." Introgression, rather than convergent selection, shaped the evolutionary history of seedlessness in grape improvement. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis identified 110 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with 634 candidate genes, including previously unidentified candidate genes, such as three 11S GLOBULIN SEED STORAGE PROTEIN and two CYTOCHROME P450 genes, and well-known genes like VviAGL11. Integrative genomic analyses resulted in 339 core candidate genes categorized into 13 functional categories related to seed development. Machine learning-based genomic selection achieved a remarkable prediction accuracy of 97% for seedlessness in grapevines. Our findings highlight the polygenic nature of seedlessness and provide candidate genes for molecular genetics and an effective prediction for seedlessness in grape genomic breeding.

Role of Bio-Fertilization on the Soil pH, Available NPK on Soil and Petioles of Leaves of Yong Vines (Vitis vinifera L.) cvs. Thompson Seedless and Olivetti Noier

Role of Bio-Fertilization on the Soil pH, Available NPK on Soil and Petioles of Leaves of Yong Vines (Vitis vinifera L.) cvs. Thompson Seedless and Olivetti Noier

Prediction of berry cracking in Thompson Seedless grape

Prediction of berry cracking in Thompson Seedless grape

Combination of irradiated chitosan and microbial agent to reduce downy mildew on grapevine cv. Thompson seedless.

Globally sustainable disease management ensuring high quality in grapes is in demand as it holds significant importance as a versatile fruit for consumption, winemaking, and production of various products such as grape juice, raisin, and grape-seed oil. The present paper reports a combination of nano-biotechnology as a promising strategy for enhancing plant health and fruit productivity in grapes combining Irradiated chitosan nanoparticles and bio-control agents. The Irradiated Chitosan with Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viridae and pesticides were evaluated for disease management. Percent disease index, percent disease control, and percent yield enhancement in Cymoxanil 8% + Mamcozeb 64% WP @ 0.2% treatment were as 17. 24%, 67.97% and 33.91% in 150 ppm Irradiated chitosan+B. subtilis were 19.83, 63.16, 30.41 and in Trichoderma 150 ppm Irradiated chitosan were 24.58, 54.33, and 27.40, respectively as compared to untreated crop with disease severity 53.84% PDI. Thus, irradiated chitosan and Bacillus subtilis elucidated a synergistic combination for residue-free efficient phytosanitary measures, which harnessed the strength of chitosan and bio-control agents for sustainable grape productivity. These findings will also pave the way for a deeper understanding of the synergistic interaction between Irradiated nanochitosan and bio-control agents for an eco-friendly and economically viable disease management strategy. The minimum temperature and morning relative humidity (RH I) had positive significance, with correlation coefficients of 0.484 and 0.485, respectively. The evening relative humidity (RH II) had a positive highly significant positive correlation coefficient of 0.664. Chitosan merits as a multiple stress tolerance enhancing agent that will further help in mitigating climate change adaptations in grapevines reducing reliance on chemical agro-inputs.

Bioprotective effects of different Plant Extracts and Essential Oils against Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger causing Post Harvest decay in Grapes

The grapes (Vitis vinifera) are one of the largely consumed fruits in the world. Grape production in Pakistan has increased in the recent years. These are mainly consumed fresh or as dried raisins. Grapes are highly perishable, which makes them liable to rot during transport, storage, and marketing. The perishable nature of grapes leads to a considerable amount of post-harvest loss. The production and quality of grapes are adversely affected by several abiotic and biotic factors. Two different cities Pishin (Balochistan) and Faisalabad (Punjab) fruit market and stores were selected to collect rotten grapes. The fungal pathogens isolated were identified as A. niger and R. stolonifers. The pathogenicity of isolated pathogens was assessed at different temperatures (5, 20, and 30 °C) on the Thompson seedless grape variety. Infection and proliferation of fungi were found conducive at 30°C. As antifungal agents, three organic origin oils, neem, cinnamon, and clove oils with levels i.e., 500, 1000, 2000 ppm as well as marigold and neem extracts with diverse concentrations of like 12.5, 25, and 50% were employed. Among these organic compounds, cinnamon and clove oils at 2000 ppm exhibited 6.54% and 15.3% decay against A. niger, respectively. Meanwhile, against R. stolonifer, cinnamon and clove oils at 2000 ppm exhibited 12.22% and 6.74% decay, respectively. This study's findings focus on the effectiveness of both essential oils and plant extract in significantly delaying the decay process caused by fungal pathogens. The present study underscores the protective ability of the plant extracts and natural oils which could be a way forward for eco-safe management of post-harvest diseases of grapes before they reach the market.

Study on the relationship between the changes in polyamine content and seedless grapes embryo rescue breeding.

This study was envisaged to investigate the physiological reasons affecting the embryo development and abortion of seedless grapes on the basis of the previous embryo rescue breeding techniques of seedless grapes. Specifically, the relationship between the embryo rescue breeding of seedless grapes and the change of polyamine content was evaluated, in order to provide hybrid germplasm in the breeding of new seedless grape cultivars. Four ovules of 4 naturally pollinated Eurasian seedless grape cultivars, including 'Thompson Seedless' grape (hereinafter referred to as 'Seedless White' grape), 'Flame Seedless' grape, 'Heshi Seedless' grape and 'Ruby Seedless' grape were employed for the study. Changes in the endogenous polyamine content, exogenous polyamine content, and the suitable combination of exogenous polyamines in the seedless grape berries and isolated ovules were determined during the best embryo rescue period. Furthermore, the effect of different exogenous polyamine contents on the germination and seedling rate of different seedless grape embryos was analyzed. In the best embryo rescue period, the number of ovules had different effects on the content of polyamines. For seedless grape cultivars with 4 ovules, a high content of polyamines was found to be more beneficial in the embryonic development. The existence of embryos had different effects on the development of embryos. In the ovules with embryo, an increase in the content of polyamine was beneficial to the growth and development of the ovule. Different ratios of exogenous polyamines had varying effects on the embryonic development. Putrescine (Put) exhibited the greatest effect on the embryonic development. Further, correlation analysis showed that different combinations of exogenous polyamines had varying effects on the embryonic development. A maximal ovule development was observed in the combination of exogenous polyamines of putrescine2+spermidine2+spermine1. For maximal embryo germination and seeding formation, the optimal combination was putrescine2+spermidine2+spermine2. Irrespective to the number of ovules or the existence of embryos, the results indicated that a high content of endogenous polyamines promoted the growth and development of embryos. The embryo rescue efficiency of different exogenous polyamines was different, and the appropriate combination of exogenous polyamines was beneficial to the growth and development of ovules, with a high development rate of the ovule and seedling.

Study on Quality of Verjuice Affected by Grape Types, Treatments and Storage at Ambient Conditions

To improve the quality of grape berries and bunches, berry thinning is adopted. In this practice, a sizeable quantity of thinned berries is destroyed despite having valuable contents. Thinned berries are utilized to produce verjuice in different countries. To assess the effect of grape varieties and ingredients on verjuice quality, the present study was conducted at ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune during the fruiting season of 2022-2023. Thinned grape berries (6-8 mm diameter) from four varieties namely Manjari Naveen, Crimson Seedless, Thompson Seedless and Manjari Kishmish were utilized with three treatments as the addition of 0.49 g NaCl salt/100 mL, 3 mL olive oil/100 mL and combination of 0.49 g NaCl salt and 3 mL olive oil/100 mL. Physico-chemical parameters of prepared verjuice types were observed initially as well as 15, 30 and 45 days of storage at ambient conditions. At the initial stage, among the varieties, treatments and their interactions showed non-significant differences for TSS, acidity and pH. Among the different verjuice types, except Crimson Seedless with salt and olive oil, were recorded with maximum TSS. The pH values Were ranged from 2.35 to 2.57 while the maximum recorded titratable acidity was 3.07% whereas the lowest acidity was 2.43%. Verjuice storage at ambient conditions resulted in reduced TSS, acidity and pH. Verjuice prepared from Manjari Kishmish showed superiority in all sensory parameters while verjuice from Thompson Seedless was scored minimum. Results recorded in the present study revealed that the quality of verjuice was acceptable and need to study the combinations of different type grapes to improve verjuice quality and pesticide degradation in the process.

Variation in the relationship of bloom time petiole nutrient contents with yield in grape cv. Thompson Seedless and its clones

nutritional survey was conducted to study the variation in the association of bloom-time petiole nutrient contents with yield in ‘Thompson Seedless’ and its clones, viz., ‘2A’, ‘Manik Chaman’, ‘Super Sonaka’ and ‘SSN’, the study showed that considerable variation existed in yield and nutrient contents among the cultivars/clones. Nutrients other than Mo in ‘Thompson Seedless’, NH4 - N, and Cu in Clone ‘2A’, Ca in ‘Super Sonaka’, and P and B in the cultivar ‘SSN’ were not correlated with yield. Non-significant and negative correlation is attributed to the interaction among the nutrients. Though, the correlation of individual nutrients with yield was poor, their combined effect was high. Nitrogen and Mg in ‘Thompson Seedless’; NH4 -N, P, Fe, and Zn in Clone ‘2A’; S and B in ‘ManikChaman’; N, NH4 -N, K, and Zn in ‘Super Sonaka’; and N, Ca, and Fe in ‘SSN’ were associated with reduced yields up to their respective vertex values related to minimum yields, beyond which, the relationship was positive. Such a relationship was attributed to the suppression of their positive effect at lower levels by the relative abundance of their respective antagonistic nutrients. The positive relationship of Mo in ‘Thompson Seedless’, Cu in Clone ‘2A’, Ca and Mg in ‘Super Sonaka’, and P and B in ‘SSN’ indicates the sub-optimal status of these nutrients in the respective cultivars. The results showed the nutrient-specific variation of the tested genotypes.

Photosynthetic gas exchange and functionality in different grapevine cultivars and their cross grafted combinations in response to bicarbonate-induced Fe deficiency

Iron (Fe) deficiency-induced chlorosis can be a serious problem in grapevine cultivation. Measuring genotypic tolerance to this disorder is of vital importance in rootstock selection. In this research, different sources of Fe (FeSO4·7H2O and FeEDTA) were used and their effects were evaluated on the response of a tolerant (‘Thompson Seedless’) and a sensitive (‘Flame Seedless’) grape cultivar. Also, their cross-grafted combinations [‘Flame Seedless’/’Thompson Seedless’ (FS/TS) and ‘Thompson Seedless’/‘Flame Seedless’ (TS/FS)] were evaluated for tolerance to Fe deficiency. Bicarbonate (30 mM) was used for inducing iron deficiency in the plants. Despite the negative effects of bicarbonate, the ‘Thompson Seedless’ maintained a significant chlorophyll index, compared to the ‘Flame Seedless’ cultivar. Gas exchange measurements showed that the bicarbonate had more adverse effects on photosynthesis and water-use-efficiency (WUE) in the ‘Flame Seedless’ cultivar. Despite the bicarbonate toxicity, the photosynthetic system of the FS/TS graft combination showed no significant change in FV/FO, whereas adverse effects occurred significantly in ‘Thompson Seedless’, ‘Flame Seedless’, and their TS/FS graft combination. Bicarbonate decreased the performance index in ‘Flame Seedless’. In conclusion, scions of the susceptible cultivar performed well when grafted on tolerant rootstocks. Such grafting combinations can help plants to cope with the negative effects of bicarbonate toxicity on grapevine.

Bio-efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Technical 90% for Improving Yield and Quality in Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

The experiment was conducted on Thompson Seedless grapevines grafted on dog ridge rootstock to study its response towards the application of gibberellic acid (GA3) Tech. 90% at different time intervals. The experiment was designed in a randomized block design (RBD) having five treatments with four replications were carried out at Maharashtra Rajya Draksha Bagaitdar Sangh, Pune during 2020-2021 & 2021 - 2022. Significant differences were observed with the applications of GA3 at different developmental stages (pre-bloom and fruit set) resulted in to increased bunch weight, berry weight, berry length, berry size, pedicel thickness, rachis length, and quality parameters viz. total soluble solids along with the highest yield per vine exogenous application of different concentrations of GA3 at different time interval schedules was beneficial for the quality and yield of Thompson Seedless grapevines.

Evaluation of Different Table Grape Varieties in Response to Growth and Physiological Traits during Foundation Bud Pruning

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) was one of the first fruits cultivated by human since the dawn of civilization, the fermented product of grapes, wine has probably been an important way of consuming grapes. It is one of the commercially important sub-tropical fruit crop of peninsular India. It is the world’s most important fruit in terms of total production and economic stand point. The present research investigates the growth and physiological parameters like pruned biomass, cane length, cane diameter, leaf area, leaf area index, matured canes and chlorophyll content in different table grape varieties over a two year experimentation period (2021-22 and 2022-23) at Horticulture Research and Extension Centre, Tidagundi (Vijayapur), Karnataka. The experiment consisted of 10 treatments (V1 - Red Globe, V2 - Fantasy Seedless, V3 - Crimson Seedless, V 4 - Manjari Shyama (A-18/3), V 5 – Nana saheb Purple Seedless, V 6 - Sharad Seedless (Check), V 7 - Merbein Seedless, V 8 - 2A-Clone, V 9– Manjari Kishmish (Kishmish Rozavis White) V10 - Thompson Seedless (Check)) laid out in randomized block design with 4 replications. The results highlight the highest fresh weight (2.23 kg/vine), dry weight (1.38 kg/vine), maximum number of canes (53.31), mature canes (48.04), fruitful canes (43.52) per vine, highest leaf area (200.11 cm2) and leaf area index (3.91) were noted in Thompson Seedless. The maximum cane length (75.90 cm) was recorded in the variety Crimson Seedless. The maximum cane diameter (9.80 mm) was recorded in Red Globe. Manjari Kishmish recorded the maximum chlorophyll content of the leaf (42.92).

Effect of Zinc Applications on the Productivity of Thompson Seedless Grapevines

Effect of Zinc Applications on the Productivity of Thompson Seedless Grapevines