Thompson Seedless Grapevines Research Articles

Bio-efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Technical 90% for Improving Yield and Quality in Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

The experiment was conducted on Thompson Seedless grapevines grafted on dog ridge rootstock to study its response towards the application of gibberellic acid (GA3) Tech. 90% at different time intervals. The experiment was designed in a randomized block design (RBD) having five treatments with four replications were carried out at Maharashtra Rajya Draksha Bagaitdar Sangh, Pune during 2020-2021 & 2021 - 2022. Significant differences were observed with the applications of GA3 at different developmental stages (pre-bloom and fruit set) resulted in to increased bunch weight, berry weight, berry length, berry size, pedicel thickness, rachis length, and quality parameters viz. total soluble solids along with the highest yield per vine exogenous application of different concentrations of GA3 at different time interval schedules was beneficial for the quality and yield of Thompson Seedless grapevines.

Effect of Zinc Applications on the Productivity of Thompson Seedless Grapevines

Effect of Zinc Applications on the Productivity of Thompson Seedless Grapevines

Response of Thompson seedless grapevines (h4 strain) grown on sandy soil to foliar application of some antioxidants and seaweed extract

Response of Thompson seedless grapevines (h4 strain) grown on sandy soil to foliar application of some antioxidants and seaweed extract

Effect of Some Rootstocks on Vegetative Growth, Nutrient Content, Yield and Quality of Thompson Seedless Grapevines and H4 Strain under Conditions of Egyptian Delta Region

Effect of Some Rootstocks on Vegetative Growth, Nutrient Content, Yield and Quality of Thompson Seedless Grapevines and H4 Strain under Conditions of Egyptian Delta Region

Morpho-Physiological and Anatomical Alterations of Salt-Affected Thompson Seedless Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) to Brassinolide Spraying

Salinity is one of the most critical crises worldwide that ultimately compromises future food security. Brassinosteroids including brassinolide (BL) are a class of polyhydroxy steroids phytohormones, that play a crucial role in several plant metabolic pathways and boost plants’ stress tolerance, but less data is accessible on its function in salt-affected grapevine. The experiment was conducted throughout the 2019 and 2020 experimental seasons at EL-Baramon experimental farm, Horticulture Research Institute, Mansoura, Egypt, to recognize the remediation potential of BL (1 and 2 mg L−1) in lightening salinity (NaCl at 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg L−1) injury on Thompson seedless grapevine seedlings (H4 strain) growth and physio-anatomical attributes. Data advocated that while salinity reduced growth attributes, BL applications substantially improved the overall salt-affected plant performance. Salinity stress significantly decreased photosynthetic pigment, relative water content, and ions percentage (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, potassium/sodium ratio). Alternatively, BL spraying significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the photosynthetic pigment, maintaining a favorable potassium/sodium ratio and increasing the ions percentage. Additionally, increasing salinity levels significantly boost plant sodium percentage and induce a membrane malfunction associated with increased membrane permeability; conversely, the application of BL decreased the sodium percentage associated with decreasing membrane permeability relative to non-treated salinized plants. Moreover, salinity and/or BL significantly improved the antioxidant capacity associated with rising proline accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities. Anatomically, salinity stress considerably modified leaf structure; meanwhile, the spraying with BL drastically mitigates the harmful effects of salinity on leaf anatomy. Additionally, salt-affected plant cells explained various obvious organelles ultrastructural modifications and cellular damage; meanwhile, BL spraying to salt-affected plants repealed the ultrastructural modifications of cell organelles. Taken together, BL, especially 2 mg L−1, has a great potential to boost the salt tolerance of Thompson seedless grapevine seedlings (H4 strain). It improves salt tolerance by sustaining higher photosynthetic pigment concentrations, maintaining ion homeostasis, regulating water status, and stimulating antioxidant capacity as well as maintaining leaf anatomical attributes.

Response of Thompson Seedless grapevines to foliar sprays with GA3 and some natural compounds

Response of Thompson Seedless grapevines to foliar sprays with GA3 and some natural compounds

Effect of Chlormequat Chloride on Vegetative Growth, Photosynthetic Activities, and its Residual Dissipation in Thompson Seedless Grapevines

Chlormequat chloride is one of the important plant growth regulators which is a highly stable gibberellins biosynthesis inhibitor used to inhibit vegetative growth and cell elongation. Considering the importance of plant growth inhibitors, the present investigation was carried out to understand the effect of Chlormequat chloride with its different concentrations on vegetative growth, photosynthetic activities and its residual dissipation in Grapevines at two different locations one at Pune, Maharashtra India and second at Nashik, Maharashtra, India during the year 2018-2019. Chlormequat chloride was applied as a foliar spray, where the whole vines were sprayed at concentration of 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 ppm with untreated control as a water spray; as a treatments with different developmental stages Viz 5th, 7th, and 15th leaf stage after foundation pruning. Morphological observations were recorded at 45 days and 90 days after foundation as well as fruit pruning. Application of Chlormequat chloride recorded reduced shoot length and Internodal distance while increased in cane diameters, leaf thickness after both the pruning’s in this investigation Photosynthetic activity, yield per vines and percent fruitfulness had significantly influenced with the application of Chlormequat chloride in grapevines. The dissipation of Chlormequat chloride was stable and indicated a non- linear pattern of degradation. Thus, implied that simple first-order kinetics might not be adequate to explain the dissipation behaviour of Chlormequat chloride in grapes.

Silica Nanoparticles as a Probable Anti-Oomycete Compound Against Downy Mildew, and Yield and Quality Enhancer in Grapevines: Field Evaluation, Molecular, Physiological, Ultrastructural, and Toxicity Investigations.

Downy mildew is the most destructive disease of grapevines in the regions of relatively warm and humid climate causing up to 50% yield losses. Application of silicon- (Si-) based products have been extensively studied against various oomycete, fungal, bacterial, and viral plant diseases, but studies on Si application in their nanosize are limited. In this study, the field application of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) on Thompson Seedless grapevines (H4 strain) infected with downy mildew was evaluated. In addition, molecular, physiological, ultrastructural, and toxicity investigations were also conducted. The obtained results revealed that spraying of grapevines with SiNPs at 150 ppm significantly overexpressed the transcription factor jasmonate and ethylene-responsive factor 3 recording 8.7-fold, and the defense-related genes β-1,3-glucanase (11-fold), peroxidase (10.7-fold) pathogenesis-related-protein 1 (10.6-fold), and chitinase (6.5-fold). Moreover, a reduction up to 81.5% in the disease severity was achieved in response to this treatment. Shoot length and yield per grapevine were considerably enhanced recording up to 26.3 and 23.7% increase, respectively. The berries quality was also improved. Furthermore, this treatment led to an enhancement in the photosynthetic pigments, induction of phenolic and ascorbic acid contents, an increase in the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes, and a reduction in the cellular electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and H2O2 content. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed an increase up to 86.6% in the number of closed stomata and a reduction up to 55% in the average stomatal pore area in response to this treatment. Observations of the transmission electron microscopy showed ultrastructural alterations in the cells of a grapevine leaf due to the infection with downy mildew, including plasmolysis and disruption of the cellular components, abnormal chloroplasts, and thickening of the cell wall and cell membrane. These abnormal alterations were reduced in response to SiNPs spray. In contrast, this study also showed that this treatment had considerable cytotoxic and genotoxic effects at this direct dose/concentration. So, additional investigations to determine the SiNPs residue in the produced edible plant parts are urgently needed. In addition, the pre-harvest interval, toxicity index, and risk assessment should be evaluated before any recommendation for use.

Relationship Between Bud Cold Hardiness and Budbreak in Two Vitis vinifera L Cultivars, Chardonnay and Thompson Seedless

The lack of winter cold is a severe limitation for the cultivation of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L) in areas with warm winter climates. This phenomenon is currently becoming quite important due to global warming, which will increase winter temperatures in many temperate regions of the planet where grapevines are cultivated. Although various physical and chemical stimuli have been used to address the lack of winter cold in grapevine cultivation, quantitative studies on its effects on different cultivars are limited. Here, the effects of (a) low temperatures during endodormancy (ED), (b) temperature increases during eco-dormancy (ECD) and (c) the effects of dormancy-breaking compounds such as hydrogen cyanamide (HC) and sodium azide (AZ) on the budburst of an early budbreak cultivar, Chardonnay, and an late budbreak cultivar, Thompson seedless, were assessed. The results were analysed by the Kaplan–Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to establish statistical significance between the control and treatments. In general, Chardonnay grapevines were more sensitive than Thompson seedless grapevines to all budbreak stimuli, and a temperature increase during ECD was the stimulus that had the greatest effect on the budbreak in both cultivars. Exposure to cold temperatures during ED increased the cold hardiness and improved the budbreak in both cultivars. Based on the results, a relationship between the degree of bud cold hardiness and budbreak potential is suggested, and it is proposed that the greater the cold hardiness achieved by the buds, the better their subsequent budbreak will be.

RESPONSE OF THOMPSON SEEDLESS GRAPEVINES TO FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SOME ANTIOXIDANTS

Vegetative growth, yield and berry physical and chemical quality of Thompson Seedless grapevines grown in clay soil under El-Minia region conditions – Egypt in response to three sprays with vitamin E at 40 ppm, citric acid at 500 ppm and folic acid at 500 ppm singly or in combination were investigated during 2019 and 2020 seasons. spraying the three antioxidants were very effective in improving all vegetative growth parameters (in terms of shoot lengths (cm), number of leaves/shoot and leaf area (cm2), one-year-old wood pruning wood (kg/vine), cane thickness (cm), Yield and berry physical and chemical properties, rather than non- application. However, any combined application of these three antioxidants in was remarkably superior than using each one alone, on all vegetative growth, yield and its components and berry physical and chemical properties of Thompson seedless grapevines. Furthermore, spraying the citric acid in combination with folic acid present superiority effect on all studied parameters than spring citric acid in combination with vitamin E, during the two experimental seasons. The best results with regard to vegetative growth, yield and berry quality of Thompson Seedless grown in clay soil under El-Minia region conditions were obtained when the vines received the three examined antioxidants in combination.

Meloidogyne incognita population control and nutritional status and productivity of Thompson seedless grapevines managed with different treatments.

A two-year field trial was conducted in a vineyard (northern Egypt)cultivated with Thompson seedless grapevines to evaluate the effectiveness of four “alternative” (biological/chemical) treatments, Bacillus megaterium, boric acid, calcium nitrate and chitosan, against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Mi), compared to that of the nematicide oxamyl. The influence of these treatments on plant nutritional status and fruit yield and quality was also assessed. All treatments significantly inhibited Mi reproduction parameters in both seasons, decreasing the numbers of nematode galls and egg masses (roots) and of second-stage juveniles (soil). Oxamyl application resulted in the highest reductions in Mi-reproduction parameters, followed by boric acid, which also showed the highest relative nematicidal efficacy (respect to oxamyl). In the 1st season, the highest fruit yield (10.34 kg/grapevine) was recorded from boric acid-treated plants, followed by that from oxamyl-treated plants (7.50 kg/grapevine); in the subsequent season (2019), oxamyl use led to the highest yield, followed by boric acid + chitosan use (10.04 and 8.62 kg/grapevine, respectively). In both seasons, application of boric acid alone and combined with chitosan enhanced the total soluble solids (TSS)/total acidity ratio in grape juice. All treatments led to higher nutrient contents (leaf petioles) and chlorophyll levels (leaves) as well as enhanced fruit size and weight. We conclude that the tested treatments can be safely applied for nematode management in Thompson seedless grapevines, with positive effects on fruit yield and quality.

Improvement of Physical and Chemical Properties of Thompson Seedless Grapes (H4 Strain) by Application of Brassinolide and Gibberellic Acid

This investigation was carried out during two successive seasons (2018 & 2019) in the vineyard of EL-Baramon experimental farm. Hort. Res. Inst. Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. The experiment was conducted on Four/Five years-old Thompson seedless grapevines (H4strain). The vines were grown in a clay soil under surface irrigation system and cane pruning and trellised with Spanish baron system. The aim of this study was to reduce the compactness coefficient of clusters and improve the physical and chemical properties of cluster and berries in Thompson seedless grapes (H4strain). Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Brassinolide (BL) were foliar applied alone or in combinations at three stages, before bloom, during bloom stage and after complete set of berries.The Results show that spraying the vines with Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Brassinolide (BL) alone or in combinations significant improved the cluster and berries traits, since they decreased the number of berries/cluster and increased the length and width of cluster consequently, decreasing the compactness coefficient of cluster. Also, clear improvements in cluster weight, yield and physical & chemical properties of berries were attained. The data also revealed that Gibberellic acid (GA3) was more effective on improving physical properties of clusters and berries while Brassinolide was preferable on improving chemical properties of berries.The best achievements were dedicated to Gibberellic acid (3/4 recommended dose) + 0.5 ppm Brassinolide followed by Gibberellic acid (1/2 recommended dose) + 1.0 ppm Brassinolide.

Comparative Proteomics Unravels the Differences in Salt Stress Response of Own-Rooted and 110R-Grafted Thompson Seedless Grapevines.

Thompson Seedless, a commonly grown table grape variety, is sensitive to salinity when grown on its own roots, and therefore, it is frequently grafted onto salinity-tolerant wild grapevine rootstocks. Rising soil salinity is a growing concern in irrigated agricultural systems. The accumulation of salts near the root zone severely hampers plant growth, leading to a decrease in the productive lifespan of grapevine and causing heavy yield losses to the farmer. In the present study, we investigated the differences in response to salinity between own-rooted Thompson Seedless (TSOR) and 110R-grafted Thompson Seedless (TS110R) grapevines, wherein 110R is reported to be a salt-tolerant rootstock. The grapevines were subjected to salt stress by treating them with a 150 mM NaCl solution. The stress-induced changes in protein abundance were investigated using a label-free shotgun proteomics approach at three time-points viz. 6 h, 48 h, and 7 days of salt treatment. A total of 2793 proteins were identified, of which 246 were differentially abundant at various time-points in TSOR and TS110R vines. The abundance of proteins involved in several biological processes such as photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, translation, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and generation of precursor metabolites was significantly affected by salt stress in both the vines but at different stages of stress. The results revealed that TSOR vines responded fervently to salt stress, while TS110R vines adopted a preventive approach. The findings of this study add to the knowledge of salinity response in woody and grafted plants and hence open the scope for further studies on salt stress-specific differences induced by grafting.

Thompson Seedless Grapevines Growth and Quality as Affected by Glutamic Acid, Vitamin B, and Algae

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) quality and growth are affected by the foliar fertilization. Algae extract, glutamic acid, and vitamin B are known as foliar fertilizer but there is little information available about the best combinations of these materials for grapevine. Here, 2-year field study in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) were conducted to study the influence of foliar applications of vitamin B, glutamic acid, and algae (Amphora ovalis) extract on Thompson Seedless grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) growth and yield. The growth, yield, and quality of grapevine were affected significantly (P < 0.05) by the different treatments. The foliar application of vitamin B, glutamic acid, and algae increased the pruning wood, total chlorophyll, leaf area, and fruit yield compared with the control. In addition, these treatments induced an increase in the concentrations of N, P, and K. The berries quality characteristics of the sprayed vines were significantly better than non-treated ones. Based on the obtained results, the foliar application of glutamic acid, vitamin B complex, and algae besides of their combinations has positive effects on the growth of grapevine plants and berry quality.

Effects of Natural Hail on the Growth, Physiological Characteristics, Yield, and Quality of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Thompson Seedless under Mediterranean Growing Conditions

Hailstorms are typically localized events, and very little is known about their effect on crops. The objective of this study was to examine the physiological and vine performance responses to natural hail, registered four weeks after full bloom, of field-grown Thompson seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines, one of the most important table grape varieties cultivated in Greece and especially in the Corinthian region in northeastern Peloponnese. Leaf gas exchange, vegetative growth, vine balance indices, cane wood reserves, yield components, and fruit chemical composition were recorded from hail-damaged vines and compared with control vines. Visibly, the extent of the hailstorm damage was great enough to injure or remove leaves as well as cause partial stem bruising and partial injury or total cracking of berries. Our results indicated that natural hail did not affect leaf photosynthesis, berry weight, total acidity, and cane wood reserves but significantly reduced the total leaf area, yield, and the total phenolics of berries at harvest. At the same time, hail-damaged vines increased the leaf area of lateral canes and presented a higher total soluble solid (TSS) accumulation, while no effect on the next year’s fertility was registered. The present work is the first attempt to enhance our understanding of the vegetative yield, berry quality, and physiological responses of grapevines to natural hail, which is an extreme and complex natural phenomenon that is likely to increase due to climate change.

Effect of Exogenous Abscisic Acid (ABA), Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Cluster Thinning on Yield of some Grape Cultivars

Experiment was carried out throughout two successive seasons of 2016 and 2017 on Flame Seedless, Ruby Seedless and Thompson Seedless grapevines grown at the Experimental Orchard of Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of abscisic acid (ABA), cluster thinning and their combinations with GA3 on yield weight of three important grape cultivars grown under hot region. Data revealed that, the application of abscisic acid (ABA) increased yield weight (kg/vine), while cluster thinning decreased it. During the 1st season of study (2016), all individual ABA treatments and ABA at 400 ppm combined with GA3 at 10 ppm significantly increased yield weight (kg/vine) comparing with the control treatment. As a result of ABA treatments at 200, 400 and 600 ppm and ABA at 400 ppm plus GA3 at 10 ppm, the yield was increased by 15.5%, 10.5%, 9.8% and 9.2%, respectively. During the 2nd season of study (2017), only ABA at 600 ppm treatment significantly surpassed the control treatment with an increment percentage of 20.5%. The rest of treatments either had no effect or reduced the yield weight comparing with the control. On the other side, cluster thinning by removing 30% of the total clusters that the vine bearing significantly reduced the yield weight (kg/vine) during the two studied seasons. As a result of such treatment, the yield was reduced by 37.2% and 39.2% in 2016 and 2017 seasons, respectively.

IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY OF BANATY GRAPEVINES BY FOLIAR APPLICATION OF BORON, MAGNESIUM AND ZINC

This investigation was carried out during 2015 and 2016 seasons on cane trained Thompson seedless grapevines grown in a private vineyard located at El- Shudaa district, Minufiya Governorate. The vineyard soil texture is clay loam . The selected vines are planted at 2 × 3 meters apart. Pruning was conduced on the first week of Jan. in both seasons leaving 64 eyes per vine (4 fruiting canes × 14 eyes plus four replacement spurs × two eyes) . This study was initiated for elucidating the effect of single or combined application of boric acid, magnesium sulphate and chelated –Zn on the bud behavior, main shoot length , leaf area , berry setting percentage , yield , mineral composition of leaf petiols as well as physical and chemical properties of Thompson Seedless grapes selecting the best treatment that responsible for producing filled clusters and higher productivity quantitively and qualitatively is considered another target. The obtained results could be summarized as following : 1- Bud behavior: Single or combined application of boric acid, chelated –Zn and magnesium sulphate significantly controlled the percentages of bud brust and fruitful buds than non application. 2- Vegetative growth characteristics: The highest records of the growth parameters were observed in the two seasons from vines inoculated with combined with chelated-Zn 0.05%, Boric acid 0.05% and Mg sulphate 0.5%. 3- Fruit quality: The best results were obtained on the vines received four sprays of boric acid + chelated-Zn and magnesium sulphate together. Unsatisfactory results were recorded on untreated vines. Therefore, it is necessary for obtain the best results spray the vines with boric acid at 0.05%, chelated-Zn at 0.05 and magnesium sulphate at 0.5% four times at the growth start, first bloom, just after berry setting and at one month later .

Evaluation of some biocontrol agents to control Thompson seedless grapevine powdery mildew disease

This investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of some biocontrol agents against the powdery mildew of Thompson seedless grapevines. The study was carried out during the two successive seasons (2016 and 2017) at a private organic vineyard orchard located at El Beheira Governorate, Egypt. Uncinula necator (syn. Erysiphe necator) is a fungus that causes powdery mildew of grapevine. It causes severe loss in yield quantity and quality. Application of different biocontrol agents, e.g., Trichoderma harzianum, T. hamatum, T. viride, and their combinations, as well as the Blight stop (Trichoderma spp.), a commercial biocide and micronic sulfur, was an attempt to control the disease. The mixture of the three Trichoderma spp. showed the highest efficacy (80.16 and 89.95%) of controlling the disease incidence and severity in the two seasons 2016 and 2017, respectively, followed by the treatment of Blight stop + micronic sulfur (77.12 and 84.02%), while micronic sulfur showed the lowest effect (57.02 and 41.32%). At all treatments, the yield was increased and the chemical characteristics, e.g., “total sugars, total soluble solids (TSS), total anthocyanin (% in mg/100 g F.W.), and total phenols (mg/g betties as gallic acid equivalent)” of berries were improved. On the contrary, the percentage of total acidity was decreased at all treatments than in the control.

Foliar Application of Bread Yeast and Organic Fertilizer to Improve Yield Quantity and Quality of Thompson Seedless Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

Study was conducted using Thompson seedless grapevines 11 years old, trained asarbors (espalier) training in a vineyard at Erbil Directorate of Agriculture Researches /Kurdistan Region / Iraq during the growing season of 2015 to investigate the possibleeffects of foliar application of natural bread yeast (bio-fertilizer) and liquid organicfertilizer (B&S Pot-min) on yield quantity and quality. Results indicated that theconcentration of 12 g.l-1 of bread yeast, liquid organic fertilizer at 4 ml.l-1 andinteraction between them affected on yield and physical characteristics of clusters,berries and chemical properties of berries significantly over other concentrations andinteractions. The number of clusters/vine, cluster weight, yield increased by applicationof bread yeast, and there were significant differences between treatments comparing tocontrol. Applications of bread yeast and organic fertilizer significantly improve physicalcharacteristics of berries comparing to control. Bread yeast application causedsignificant increase in total soluble solid (TSS), decreased titratable acidity (TA), withhighest value of TSS/TA ratio compared with control.

IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY OF BANATY GRAPEVINES BY FOLIAR APPLICATION OF BORON, MAGNESIUM AND ZINC

This investigation was carried out during 2015 and 2016 seasons on cane trained Thompson seedless grapevines grown in a private vineyard located at El- Shudaa district, Minufiya Governorate. The vineyard soil texture is clay loam . The selected vines are planted at 2 × 3 meters apart. Pruning was conduced on the first week of Jan. in both seasons leaving 64 eyes per vine (4 fruiting canes × 14 eyes plus four replacement spurs × two eyes) . This study was initiated for elucidating the effect of single or combined application of boric acid, magnesium sulphate and chelated –Zn on the bud behavior, main shoot length , leaf area , berry setting percentage , yield , mineral composition of leaf petiols as well as physical and chemical properties of Thompson Seedless grapes selecting the best treatment that responsible for producing filled clusters and higher productivity quantitively and qualitatively is considered another target. The obtained results could be summarized as following : 1- Bud behavior: Single or combined application of boric acid, chelated –Zn and magnesium sulphate significantly controlled the percentages of bud brust and fruitful buds than non application. 2- Vegetative growth characteristics: The highest records of the growth parameters were observed in the two seasons from vines inoculated with combined with chelated-Zn 0.05%, Boric acid 0.05% and Mg sulphate 0.5%. 3- Fruit quality: The best results were obtained on the vines received four sprays of boric acid + chelated-Zn and magnesium sulphate together. Unsatisfactory results were recorded on untreated vines. Therefore, it is necessary for obtain the best results spray the vines with boric acid at 0.05%, chelated-Zn at 0.05 and magnesium sulphate at 0.5% four times at the growth start, first bloom, just after berry setting and at one month later .