Third-party Help Research Articles

Legal Protection For Copyright Holders For Violations In The Form of Piracy of Film Cinematographic Works on The Telegram Application

The purpose of this research is to determine the legal protection sought by cinematography copyright holders against piracy of film works via Telegram. The method used in this research is a normative legal research method with a statutory regulatory approach. The research results show that acts of piracy, such as duplicating and distributing cinematographic works without the author's permission, are legal violations that harm copyright holders, both economically and morally. In the context of legal protection for the copyright of cinematographic works, there are two forms, namely preventive legal protection by the government in the form of laws and regulations that regulate it and repressive protection through dispute resolution. Creators or copyright holders can take legal steps, either through litigation in court or non-litigation outside of court with the help of third parties, as an effort to overcome piracy of cinematographic works that occurs in the Telegram application.

CRYPTOCURRENCY DALAM KACA MATA HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM NEGARA INDONESIA

<p><em>In The digital era, cryptocurrency is one of the innovations created from human dissatisfaction with the existing financial system, thus giving birth to a digital currency that has the same function as other currencies, but does not have a physical form like currency in general, but in the form of a digital currency data blocks, and is able to document transactions directly without the help of third parties through a network called Blockchain. Although it is considered a substitute for future digital currencies and provides many benefits to its users, the regulation and legality of cryptocurrencies are still questioned, especially in Islamic economic principles. This study aims to find out more about the description, regulation and legality of cryptocurrencies in Indonesia and what the perspective of cryptocurrency in Islamic financial principles. The research model used is library research, by collecting data in the form of journals, books, websites, and other objects that are considered relevant and then carried out an in-depth study through descriptive qualitative analysis methods.</em></p>

When brokers don’t broker: Mitigating referral aversion in third-party help exchange

Help exchange—whether for technical solutions, career advice, socioemotional support, or scarce resources—constitutes the very fabric of productive organizational life. Yet, a growing body of research has documented various ways in which help requesters and requestees misperceive each other, undermining their chances of giving and receiving help. So far, this line of research has focused on dyadic exchange and paid limited attention to triadic exchange involving third parties. To close this gap, the present research examines misperceptions that hinder requestees from offering referrals to potentially more willing or capable third parties. Six preregistered experiments (n = 2863) demonstrate what we term referral aversion, stemming from concerns about what offering unsolicited referrals instead of direct help might signal to requesters. Because of referral aversion, requestees overestimate how negatively requesters will react to unsolicited referrals versus (solicited or unsolicited) direct help. We also propose a simple intervention to mitigate referral aversion: making a generalized rather than personalized help request (i.e., asking for help from “you or someone you know” rather than “you”). In a field experiment (n = 541), participants who made generalized help requests to peers on a problem-solving task received higher quality help from both requestees and third parties, suggesting that seeking third-party help can promote help exchange in multiple ways. Altogether, these studies draw critical attention to the growing recognition that the process of reaching and connecting third parties is hardly automatic or frictionless and open new lines of inquiry on how to promote third party help exchange.

VOICE BASED EMAIL SYSTEM FOR BLIND

The Internet is one of the revolutionary achievements of the last decade of the twentieth century. The increase in internet usage a nd the unlimited opportunities it offers cause people to fully use internet technology today. With the introduction of the internet into our lives, communication and access to information have become easier. As the business world moves to the digital environment, keeping up with the times becomes more important for everyo ne. Email is one of the most widely used functions on the Internet . Besides ordinary users, blind people also encounter problems w hen using the Internet. While technologies such as screen readers and Braille keyboards make it easier to access a range of applica tions, they still have difficulty accessing much content. The email is important and they must rely on thirdparty help. Therefore, th e purpose of this article is to provide voice services to visually im paired people without the need for help or assistance from third parties. Over the past few years, many researchers have worked to create solutions that will allow visually impaired people to use special features of email.Thisemail system can be used by blind p eople as well as illiterate.The system makes it easier for visually impaired people to send, receive, create and delete emails. Key Words: Text to speech, Speech to text,Face recognition,Machine learning, Artficial Intelligence,Blind people

SOCIALLY-ORIENTED MODEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AS THE BASIS FOR THE CONSOLIDATION OF SOCIETY

The article examines the mechanism of contradictions in the context of managing social conflicts in public power. Chronic disagreements have been found to be seen as a serious source of conflict in the workplace, and in most cases they relate to structures, systems, processes, stereotypes, bureaucratic organization, and bad relationships, as well as ways to encourage, evaluate, and give value to work. Social conflicts are recognized by: repetition of claims; low level of attachment; tolerance for antagonism; low level of their resolution; high intensity of emotions that they cause. Other key contradictions of tension and conflict can be found in how managers perceive and perform their role. This tension was characterized and mainly related to the alleged psychological contract between employees and employers. What is known as abusive supervision of subordinates can take many forms, such as: verbal or nonverbal violence, favoritism, Gossip; mobbing: subversion; unfair, subjective, and unjustified distribution of responsibilities.; expression of irony; discrimination, religious, political or philosophical beliefs; invasion of privacy; reallocation of responsibilities in case of violation from the upper to the lower hierarchical levels; poor assessment of employees ‘ work. Prevention and resolution of social conflicts refers to a wide range of practices and methods aimed at reducing the likelihood of conflict and, if a conflict occurs, developing effective solutions to these conflict situations. Conflict prevention and resolution can often be most effective with the help of unbiased third parties, such as a mediator or mediator. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a serious attitude to the mechanism of contradictions in the context of managing social conflicts in public authorities, since they can harm the activities of the organization and the economy and society as a whole. Conflict management and misdeeds in public authorities or administrations deserve the involvement of researchers who could offer adequate solutions and facilitate the implementation of ongoing reforms. In addition, social conflicts, which manifest themselves especially in the public sector, deserve careful study, since they have specific characteristics.

Spatial orientation and accessibility in the Botanical Garden of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais (Brazil)

Ergonomic requirements have become pillars for the development of varied skills. They enable individuals to get oriented and to move in every environment. These requirements, together with other elements, must grant the quality of accessibility for the greatest number of people. Everyone should be able to move without the help of third parties, which means actual social inclusion. Accessibility is everyone's right and finding orientation means understanding where you are in space and time, therefore being able to define your own displacement. Given these points, this article presents an ergonomic analysis of the facilities of the Botanical Garden of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora: it preserves a large green area within the urbanization and it has a great haven for leisure and contemplation. The Botanical Garden is also a space that promotes educational experiences through cultural events, lectures, and courses for the city's population.

The Development of Cassava Agribusiness in Lampung Province (The Implications for The Cassava Agribusiness Partnership Model)

Cassava agribusiness has several problems and obstacles that must be overcome completely. So yet, no institutional method of transaction is compatible with and advantageous to all cassava agricultural stakeholders. The objective of this research was to look at the cassava agribusiness partnership model in Lampung and placed study in three districts in Lampung Province, each with its distinctive characteristics: Central Lampung, East Lampung, and West Tulang Bawang. Primary and secondary data were used in the study. In this study, survey methods and in-depth interviews were utilized to obtain data. Qualitative descriptive analysis with an institutional perspective was used to analyze this study. The findings revealed that institutional collaboration in sustainable partnerships between farmer groups associations (Gapoktan), factories with third-party help, and an ICT system could improve the farm, factory, and overall cassava agribusiness performance. Keywords: institutional, partnership, agribusiness, cassava, farmer

Impact of COVID-19 on digital medical education: compatibility of digital teaching and examinations with integrity and ethical principles

The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic in 2020 has had a lasting impact on all areas of personal life. However, the political, economic, legal and healthcare system, as well as the education system have also experienced the effects. Universities had to face new challenges and requirements in teaching and examinations as quickly as possible in order to be able to guarantee high-quality education for their students.This study aims to examine how the German-speaking medical faculties of the Umbrella Consortium of Assessment Network (UCAN) have dealt with the challenges but also the opportunities that the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic created in medical education and whether digitalisation has been driven forward as a result. In an initial online-survey we focused our questions on the current teaching situation with regard to digitised teaching content, the support or establishment of adequate framework conditions by the medical faculties and IT facilities and also the execution of examinations during the summer semester 2020.Between August and September 2020, a total of 88 examiners, educators, dean of study and/or technical admins from 32 partner faculties took part in the survey. Students were not included in our survey. Most respondents stated that a switch to a digital semester had worked, the use of e-learning increased compared to previous semesters and that most courses could be converted, with the exception of practical courses, which were largely cancelled. The respondents also indicated that most examinations could still be taken, with the exception of practical examination formats, like Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs). However, in the case of face-to-face examinations, strict distance and hygiene conditions had to be obeyed or there had to be a switch to distance-online examinations, which raised many open issues such as equal opportunities of students (technical equipment, internet access, premises) and attempts at deception (third-party help with the exam, mutual exchange between students, web search).In conclusion, we identified several issues regarding the rapid transition to a digital semester due to COVID-19 which were categorised into the following topics: Face-to-face teaching could not take place, (2) know-how of educators, (3) integrity aspects, (4) technical aspects, (5) additional personnel required, (6) additional time and effort required for implementation of digital teaching. Our study shows that a switch to digital teaching and distance online examinations is feasible, but many problems were encountered concerning academic integrity and basic ethical principles still need to be solved. In order to investigate whether above mentioned issued could be solved one year after the transition to a digital semester, we conducted a second survey in which the 32 initially surveyed institutions were questioned again.

Chłodno i rzeczowo. Kazimierz Sarnecki o chorobach na dworze Jana III Sobieskiego

This article addresses the question of illness, as discussed in the writings of Kazimierz Sarnecki, an envoy of Lithuanian Chancellor Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, residing at King Jan III Sobieski’s court. Sarnecki’s primary task was to take note of all happenings at King Sobieski’s court, focusing mainly on the king’s health, but including also other matters, some of them of little importance. Sarnecki regularly kept Radziwiłł up-to-date through diary entries sent together with a separate cover letter, usually of considerable length. In his diary, Sarnecki detailed the King’s state of health, starting each entry with a short description of what the King was doing and how he felt and only then proceeding to report on other events. Subsequently, he also included information on Queen Maria Kazimiera, the King’s sister Katarzyna Radziwiłłowa née Sobieska (mother of Karol Stanisław), the royal couple’s children (Jakub, Teresa Kunegunda, Aleksander and Konstanty), as well as other members of the court and visitors. He also noted down anecdotes, often loosely connected with medicine. When Kazimierz himself fell seriously ill, he did not seek his patron’s compassion, but assured that despite his illness, he would discharge his duties with the help of third parties, so that Radziwiłł’s interests would not be harmed. His notes are always written in a cold and terse tone, devoid of commentary and empathy. Even those passages which concern him personally are free of emotion.

Systemische Kinderwunschberatung

Summary Systemic counselling for involuntary childlessness – Effective support in a distressed phase of life The unfulfilled wish to have a child causes a profound disruption in everyday life. In this distressed phase of life, women and men can find valuable support in psychosocial counselling for involuntary childlessness. After a definition of unwanted childlessness, this article provides an overview of current approaches in psychosocial counselling and visualizes possible systemic interventions in a tableau. The specific possibilities of a systemic counselling approach are elaborated and illustrated via practical examples. Family planning is a biographic topic. The crisis of involuntary childlessness is placed in present adulthood, but must be considered between childhood origins, the aspired founding of an own family and the succession of generations in the future. This trans generational perspective is considered in specific systemic counselling. Appreciating the desired child as a member of the system allows for a change of perspective. Especially when considering the donation of gametes, thus family planning with the help of third parties, the inclusion of the interests of the desired child represents an important asset. Considering today‘s options of reproductive medicine, but also ethical aspects and legal requirements, unintentional childlessness also unfolds a political dimension. In a systemic counselling for involuntary childlessness, the manifold implications are reflected in responsibility for the future child and family system.

HIPOGLUCEMIAS EN PACIENTES CON ENFERMEDAD RENAL CRÓNICA

El control glucémico estricto demostró disminuir la incidencia y progresión de las complicaciones crónicas, con el consecuente incremento del riesgo de hipoglucemias. Actualmente la Asociación Americana de Diabetes clasifica: Nivel 1: alarma de hipoglucemia <70 mg/dl; Nivel 2: hipoglucemia clínicamente significativa <54 mg/dl; Nivel 3: hipoglucemia severa en la cual, sin especificar el valor de glucemia, se requiere la ayuda de terceros o se presentan alteraciones cognitivas. La hipoglucemia suele ser menos frecuente en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 que en diabetes tipo 1; se relaciona con alta morbilidad y mortalidad, y representa frecuentemente una de las principales barreras para lograr un óptimo control glucémico. Los pacientes con filtrado glomerular (FG) disminuido (<60 ml/min/1,73 m2) frecuentemente presentan menores requerimientos de insulina y disminución de la degradación de la insulina en los tejidos periféricos, los cuales son factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de hipoglucemia severa.

Fourth-Party Evaluation of Third-Party Pro-social Help and Punishment: An ERP Study

Pro-social behaviors have been adequately studied by neuroscientists. However, few neural studies have focused on the social evaluation of pro-social behaviors, and none has compared the neural correlates of different pro-social decision evaluations. By fourth-party evaluation of third-party punishment/help dictator game paradigm, we explored the third-party pro-social behaviors and derived feedback-related negativity (FRN) from the electroencephalogram. Different from previous event-related potentials (ERP) studies, we simultaneously focused on two different third-party pro-social behaviors, which were called third-party help and third-party punishment. For the first time, we compared the different neural processes of fourth-party evaluation on third-party help and punishment. Behavioral results showed that fourth-party bystanders appreciated the help behavior of the third party even more than the punishment behavior. ERP results revealed that fourth-party bystanders’ FRN amplitudes were modulated by the third-party behaviors. Under the assignment condition (70:30) with help/punishment magnitude 45 and (90:10) with magnitude 80, the third-party help elicited a larger FRN than third-party punishment; whereas under the condition (90:10) with help/punishment magnitude 45, the difference between FRN amplitudes disappeared. These results indicated that fourth-party bystanders ultimately agreed more with helpful third parties; however, after they witnessed the norm violation, they expected the third parties to punish the norm violators immediately. This phenomenon appears only when the third-party actors can achieve justice between norm violators and victims.

Preference for relationship help and emotional help from third parties across cultures

PurposeIn this paper, the authors examine the role of idiocentric and allocentric cultural orientations in employees’ preference for relationship help and for emotional help from third parties in two cross-cultural samples. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the psychological dynamics of cultural dimensions in relation to cross-cultural conflict intervention.Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested the theoretical assumptions by using questionnaire survey in two cross-cultural samples. Study 1 is a cross-cultural comparison within a country, including 83 Dutch employees and 106 Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands. Study 2 is a comparison between countries, including 123 Germany-based German employees and 101 Pakistan-based Pakistani employees.FindingsThe results show that employees’ allocentric orientation, but not idiocentric orientation, explains the differences in preference for relationship help in both the within-country comparison (Study 1: individualistic Dutch culture vs collectivistic Turkish culture) and the between-country comparison (Study 2: individualistic German culture vs collectivistic Pakistani culture). However, only in the between-country comparison (Study 2), the findings reveal that the difference in preference for emotional help between individualistic German culture and collectivistic Pakistani culture is mediated by idiocentric orientation (not by allocentric orientation).Research limitations/implicationsThe study confirms that the extent to which disputants’ preference for third-party help regarding social and personal aspects does differ across national cultures, and supports that the argument that social relationship is one of the paramount concerns in conflict handling in the collectivistic cultures. In addition, the study signals an alternative way of conducting two culture comparisons and expands our view on the cultural dimension of individualism-collectivism.Practical implicationsThe findings have practical implications both for third-party intervention and for managing cultural diversity in the workplace.Social implicationsIn general, this study contributes to our understanding on how culture influences conflict handling and provides suggestions for third parties to be culturally adaptive.Originality/valueThe research demonstrates that culture plays an important role in determining the extent to which disputants favour relationship help and emotional help from third parties. The research is also valuable in terms of reliability. The authors tested the hypotheses in two cross-cultural samples both within a country and between countries.

DE-IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR IOT WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK PRIVACY PROTECTION

As the IoT ecosystem becoming more and more mature, hardware and software vendors are trying create new value by connecting all kinds of devices together via IoT. IoT devices are usually equipped with sensors to collect data, and the data collected are transmitted over the air via different kinds of wireless connection. To extract the value of the data collected, the data owner may choose to seek for third-party help on data analysis, or even of the data to the public for more insight. In this scenario it is important to protect the released data from privacy leakage. Here we propose that differential privacy, as a de-identification technique, can be a useful approach to add privacy protection to the data released, as well as to prevent the collected from intercepted and decoded during over-the-air transmission. A way to increase the accuracy of the count queries performed on the edge cases in a synthetic database is also presented in this research.

The Best of Both Worlds: The Benefits of Open-specialized and Closed-diverse Syndication Networks for New Ventures' Success.

Open networks give actors non-redundant information that is diverse, while closed networks offer redundant information that is easier to interpret. Integrating arguments about network structure and the similarity of actors’ knowledge, we propose two types of network configurations that combine diversity and ease of interpretation. Closed-diverse networks offer diversity in actors’ knowledge domains and shared third-party ties to help in interpreting that knowledge. In open-specialized networks, structural holes offer diversity, while shared interpretive schema and overlap between received information and actors’ prior knowledge help in interpreting new information without the help of third parties. In contrast, actors in open-diverse networks suffer from information overload due to the lack of shared schema or overlapping prior knowledge for the interpretation of diverse information, and actors in closed-specialized networks suffer from overembeddedness because they cannot access diverse information. Using CrunchBase data on early-stage venture capital investments in the U.S. information technology sector, we test the effect of investors’ social capital on the success of their portfolio ventures. We find that ventures have the highest chances of success if their syndicating investors have either open-specialized or closed-diverse networks. These effects are manifested beyond the direct effects of ventures’ or investors’ quality and are robust to controlling for the possibility that certain investors could have chosen more promising ventures at the time of first funding.

Intelligent Distributed Multimedia Secure System towards Trusted Cloud Computing Paradigm

Smart devices exploit cloud computing to lessen the resource constrains and provide real-time services to users with cost effective features. Today’s miscellany of end user electronic appliances with wireless transmission, provide a real time computing on wide variety of platforms and devices, by emerging the cloud computing paradigm. In this context, many services like audio and video streaming are delivered to the consumer by using cloud-based providers. Moreover service continuity across the different terminals is still, a major challenge. Present cloud owners enhance the sharing feature, to transmit the user information between different cloud providers, social networking web-sites with the help of several third parties. Which makes the user hesitate to use cloud services, due to security and privacy concerns. To overcome the service continuity and security concerns, this paper proposed an IDMSS(Intelligent Distributed Multimedia Secure System) for heterogeneous networks, with the sum of three functions. 1) Middleware architecture, 2) TCF(Trusted Cloud Framework), 3) Multimedia System. Analysis says that IDMSS provides, a quality session continuity and TCF for a user in the pervasive computing. Simulation analysis presents our proposed novel approach as more effective than existing domains.

Can Third-party Help Improve Data Quality in Research Interviews? A Natural Experiment in a Hard-to-study Population

In some survey research settings, it may be not attainable or optimal to interview individual respondents without involving bystanders or third parties in the interview. Due to complex living circumstances or group culture, respondents may be helped by others in answering questions. However, this involvement of third parties raises questions about data quality and poses a challenge to the data collection process. Recognizing this, a natural field experiment was embedded in an urban resettlement study in the Philippines that allowed for spontaneous third-party help during certain parts of the interview. Using an event history calendar, data were gathered on numbers (of household-related transitions), names (of community leaders), and dates (years of public services). Quality of data was assessed and compared for the “ with help” and “ without help” conditions. The results showed that third-party help did not negatively affect data quality but rather improved it for most issues.

Helping or punishing strangers: neural correlates of altruistic decisions as third-party and of its relation to empathic concern.

Social norms are a cornerstone of human society. When social norms are violated (e.g., fairness) people can either help the victim or punish the violator in order to restore justice. Recent research has shown that empathic concern influences this decision to help or punish. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we investigated the neural underpinnings of third-party help and punishment and the involvement of empathic concern. Participants saw a person violating a social norm, i.e., proposing unfair offers in a dictator game, at the expense of another person. The participants could then decide to either punish the violator or help the victim. Our results revealed that both third-party helping as well as third-party punishing activated the bilateral striatum, a region strongly related with reward processing, indicating that both altruistic decisions share a common neuronal basis. In addition, also different networks were involved in the two processes compared with control conditions; bilateral striatum and the right lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) during helping and bilateral striatum as well as left lPFC and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) during punishment. Further we found that individual differences in empathic concern influenced whether people prefer to help or to punish. People with high empathic concern helped more frequently, were faster in their decision and showed higher activation in frontoparietal regions during helping compared with punishing. Our findings provide insights into the neuronal basis of human altruistic behavior and social norm enforcement mechanism.

African peacekeepers in Africa

African states today are strongly encouraged by the United States (US) and other members of the international community to play a more central role in confronting crises on the continent. Indeed, in recent years African armed forces have increasingly served as the backbone supporting various peacekeeping operations in the region. It is important to add that the international community has frequently tried to facilitate the deployment of African armed forces with aid and training. From this reality, the following study goes beyond the current literature by focusing on the international factors behind African participation in United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations in Africa. In doing so, this research focuses on US military aid and foreign troop training from 2002 to 2012, and its impact on African deployments into UN peacekeeping missions in Africa. As can be expected, such third-party help appears to be an important motivating factor encouraging African troop deployment into crises on the continent.

Measuring Carrier Reservation Prices for Truckload Capacity in the Transportation Spot Market

An important element of the U.S. motor carrier industry is the transportation spot market. The transportation spot market consists of shipments handled on a one-time, load-by-load basis and exists to facilitate urgent or unfulfilled demand. This market is characterized by price volatility and uncertainty in the availability of capacity. These aspects of the spot market make it challenging for shippers who rely on it. Because of the severe shortage of spot market capacity and the relatively high and volatile prices, shippers must actively seek carrier capacity (i.e., conduct traditional transportation auctions). Often, shippers employ the help of third parties. This research yields insight into the spot market by presenting some results of a hypothetical field experiment on spot market transactions for truckload shipments. The assumption was that a shipper's efforts to secure truckload capacity could be improved with better information on how carriers valued potential transactions differently. The research demonstrated that given choice data, accurate estimation of the minimum amount of compensation various carriers require to provide capacity (i.e., the reservation price) was possible. Furthermore, the research explored the practice of sourcing multiple spot market loads simultaneously, or bundling. The insights from this study can lead to improved decision making and improved business outcomes for shippers and carriers alike.